Chemokine_CX3C: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteines; differ structurally from the other subgroups in that they are attached to a membrane-spanning domain via a mucin-like stalk and can be proteolytically cleaved to a freely diffusible form; chemotatic for T cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells; function as monomers and are found only in vertebrates and a few viruses; currently only fractalkine (sometimes called neurotactin) has been identified as a member of this subfamily; the primary source of fractalkine is neurons, and they exhibit cell adhesion and chemoattractive properties in the central nervous system. See CDs: Chemokine (cd00169) for the general alignment of chemokines, or Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_CC (cd00272), and Chemokine_C (cd00271) for the additional chemokine subgroups.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 444725632 160 QHLGVTKCNITCNTMVSEMPVELLIRYQHNQISCGKRAIILETRRHRFFCADPKEKWVQKAMEHLDRQATALTRNG 235
Cdd:cd00274    1 QHHGVTKCNITCSKMTSKIPVALLIHYQQNQESCGKRAIILETRQHRLFCADPKEQWVKDAMQHLDRQAAALTRNG 76

Family of unknown function (DUF5585); This is a family of unknown function found in chordata.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 444725632  244 EVKPRTTPATRRIDASVASNPEATRESSRLELTPSSQKPQDAQRALETSPELPVGATESSETRSAPTSKAQdgGSSAAPE 323
Cdd:pfam17823  85 EVTAEHTPHGTDLSEPATREGAADGAASRALAAAASSSPSSAAQSLPAAIAALPSEAFSAPRAAACRANAS--AAPRAAI 162

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 444725632  324 STELFTTVAVSTTVAWPSS---AAYPAGAGLWAEGETTEAPSTEHPSnQALSTQPPTISHLAPEDNVGPEGQVVWVKGQS 400
Cdd:pfam17823 163 AAASAPHAASPAPRTAASSttaASSTTAASSAPTTAASSAPATLTPA-RGISTAATATGHPAAGTALAAVGNSSPAAGTV 241

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 444725632  401 PRPESSLGPKALGPIPAH------------TNAPQNWEPGSMAHVSAVSISSEGTPSREPVASGSWAS-KAEEPIHAT 465
Cdd:pfam17823 242 TAAVGTVTPAALATLAAAagtvasaagtinMGDPHARRLSPAKHMPSDTMARNPAAPMGAQAQGPIIQvSTDQPVHNT 319

Chemokine_CX3C: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteines; differ structurally from the other subgroups in that they are attached to a membrane-spanning domain via a mucin-like stalk and can be proteolytically cleaved to a freely diffusible form; chemotatic for T cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells; function as monomers and are found only in vertebrates and a few viruses; currently only fractalkine (sometimes called neurotactin) has been identified as a member of this subfamily; the primary source of fractalkine is neurons, and they exhibit cell adhesion and chemoattractive properties in the central nervous system. See CDs: Chemokine (cd00169) for the general alignment of chemokines, or Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_CC (cd00272), and Chemokine_C (cd00271) for the additional chemokine subgroups.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 444725632 160 QHLGVTKCNITCNTMVSEMPVELLIRYQHNQISCGKRAIILETRRHRFFCADPKEKWVQKAMEHLDRQATALTRNG 235
Cdd:cd00274    1 QHHGVTKCNITCSKMTSKIPVALLIHYQQNQESCGKRAIILETRQHRLFCADPKEQWVKDAMQHLDRQAAALTRNG 76

Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like; Includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity. Structure contains two highly conserved disulfide bonds.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 444725632   34 SVCCQNYARHALPSRAVKHFYWT--SPSCRRPGVVLLTLRDWEICADPRQAWVKRIMKKL 91
Cdd:pfam00048   1 SDCCLRYSSKPIPLKRVKSYEIQpaSSSCPKPAVIFLTKKGRQVCADPKAKWVQRLIKKL 60

Intercrine alpha family (small cytokine C-X-C) (chemokine CXC); Family of cytokines involved in cell-specific chemotaxis, mediation of cell growth, and the inflammatory response.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 444725632   170 TC--NTMVSEMPVELLIRYQHNQISCGKRAIILETRRHRFFCADPKEKWVQKAMEHL 224
Cdd:smart00199   3 RCclSYTSKKIPLKRIKSYYPTSSHCPKPAVIFTTKKGRKVCADPKAKWVQRYIKKL 59

Family of unknown function (DUF5585); This is a family of unknown function found in chordata.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 444725632  244 EVKPRTTPATRRIDASVASNPEATRESSRLELTPSSQKPQDAQRALETSPELPVGATESSETRSAPTSKAQdgGSSAAPE 323
Cdd:pfam17823  85 EVTAEHTPHGTDLSEPATREGAADGAASRALAAAASSSPSSAAQSLPAAIAALPSEAFSAPRAAACRANAS--AAPRAAI 162

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 444725632  324 STELFTTVAVSTTVAWPSS---AAYPAGAGLWAEGETTEAPSTEHPSnQALSTQPPTISHLAPEDNVGPEGQVVWVKGQS 400
Cdd:pfam17823 163 AAASAPHAASPAPRTAASSttaASSTTAASSAPTTAASSAPATLTPA-RGISTAATATGHPAAGTALAAVGNSSPAAGTV 241

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 444725632  401 PRPESSLGPKALGPIPAH------------TNAPQNWEPGSMAHVSAVSISSEGTPSREPVASGSWAS-KAEEPIHAT 465
Cdd:pfam17823 242 TAAVGTVTPAALATLAAAagtvasaagtinMGDPHARRLSPAKHMPSDTMARNPAAPMGAQAQGPIIQvSTDQPVHNT 319

Chemokine_CX3C: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteines; differ structurally from the other subgroups in that they are attached to a membrane-spanning domain via a mucin-like stalk and can be proteolytically cleaved to a freely diffusible form; chemotatic for T cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells; function as monomers and are found only in vertebrates and a few viruses; currently only fractalkine (sometimes called neurotactin) has been identified as a member of this subfamily; the primary source of fractalkine is neurons, and they exhibit cell adhesion and chemoattractive properties in the central nervous system. See CDs: Chemokine (cd00169) for the general alignment of chemokines, or Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_CC (cd00272), and Chemokine_C (cd00271) for the additional chemokine subgroups.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 444725632 160 QHLGVTKCNITCNTMVSEMPVELLIRYQHNQISCGKRAIILETRRHRFFCADPKEKWVQKAMEHLDRQATALTRNG 235
Cdd:cd00274    1 QHHGVTKCNITCSKMTSKIPVALLIHYQQNQESCGKRAIILETRQHRLFCADPKEQWVKDAMQHLDRQAAALTRNG 76

Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like; Includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity. Structure contains two highly conserved disulfide bonds.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 444725632   34 SVCCQNYARHALPSRAVKHFYWT--SPSCRRPGVVLLTLRDWEICADPRQAWVKRIMKKL 91
Cdd:pfam00048   1 SDCCLRYSSKPIPLKRVKSYEIQpaSSSCPKPAVIFLTKKGRQVCADPKAKWVQRLIKKL 60

Chemokine_CC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; some members (e.g. 2HCC) contain an additional disulfide bond which is thought to compensate for the highly conserved Trp missing in these; chemotatic for monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and T cells, but not neutrophils; exist as monomers and dimers, but are believed to be functional as monomers; found only in vertebrates and a few viruses; a subgroup of CC, identified by an N-terminal DCCL motif (Exodus-1, Exodus-2, and Exodus-3), has been shown to inhibit specific types of human cancer cell growth in a mouse model. See CDs: Chemokine (cd00169) for the general alignment of chemokines, or Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_C (cd00271), and Chemokine_CX3C (cd00274) for the additional chemokine subgroups, and Chemokine_CC_DCCL for the DCCL subgroup of this CD.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 444725632 179 PVELLIRYQHNQISCGKRAIILETRRHRFFCADPKEKWVQKAMEHLD 225
Cdd:cd00272   11 PLRVLKSYRRTSSSCSKPAVIFKTKRGREVCADPKQKWVQRYMKLLD 57

Chemokine: small cytokines, including a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; distinguished from other cytokines by their receptors, which are G-protein coupled receptors; divided into 4 subfamilies based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteines; some members can bind multiple receptors and many chemokine receptors can bind more than one chemokine; this redundancy allows precise control in stimulating the immune system and in contributing to the homeostasis of a cell; when expressed inappropriately, chemokines play a role in autoimmune diseases, vascular irregularities, graft rejection, neoplasia, and allergies; exist as monomers, dimers and multimers, but are believed to function as monomers; found only in vertebrates and a few viruses. See CDs: Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_CC (cd00272), Chemokine_C (cd00271), and Chemokine_CX3C (cd00274) for chemokine subgroups.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 444725632 170 TCNTMVSEM-PVELLIRYQHNQIS--CGKRAIILETRRHRFFCADPKEKWVQKAMEHLD 225
Cdd:cd00169    1 CCLKYTSKPiPPKNIKSYRVQEAGghCSIPAVIFTTKKGRKVCADPKEPWVKDLIQKLD 59

Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like; Includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity. Structure contains two highly conserved disulfide bonds.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 444725632  184 IRYQHNQISCGKRAIILETRRHRFFCADPKEKWVQKAMEHL 224
Cdd:pfam00048  20 YEIQPASSSCPKPAVIFLTKKGRQVCADPKAKWVQRLIKKL 60

Chemokine_CC_DCCL: subgroup of the Chemokine_CC subgroup based on the presence of a DCCL motif involving the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of small inducible cytokines capable of reversibly inhibiting normal hematopoietic progenitor proliferation by blocking progression through the cell cycle; DCCL subgroup contains Exodus-1 (also known as CCL20, MIP-3alpha, LARC, ST38 (mouse)), Exodus-2 (also known as CCL21, SLC, 6-Ckine, TCA4, CKbeta9), and Exodus-3 (also known as CCL-19, ELC, MIP-3beta, CKbeta11). Exodus-3 was shown to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells in vivo in a mouse model; Exodus-1, -2, and -3 were all shown to significantly inhibit chronic myelogenous leukemia progenitor cell proliferation; Exodus-2 and -3 show potent immunotherapeutic activity toward solid tumors; chemotatic for T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophage progenitor cells, and NK cells; exist as monomers and dimers, but are believed to be functional as monomers; found only in vertebrates. See CDs: Chemokine_CC (cd00272) for the entire CC subgroup, Chemokine (cd00169) for the general alignment of chemokines, or Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_C (cd00271), and Chemokine_CX3C (cd00274) for the additional chemokine subgroups.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 444725632 162 LGVTKCNITCNTMVSempvellIRYQHNQISCGKRAIILETRRHRFFCADPKEKWVQKAMEHLD 225
Cdd:cd01119    5 LSYTQHPIPWRVLRG-------YTYQEISESCDIPAIIFHTRRGRKVCADPKQDWVKRAIQLLS 61

Chemokine_C, C or lymphotactin subgroup, 1 of 4 subgroup designations of chemokines based on the arrangement of two N-terminal, conserved cysteine residues. Most of the known chemokines (cd00169) belong to either the CC (cd00272) or CXC (cd00273) subclass. The two other subclasses each have a single known member: fractalkine for the CX3C (cd00274) class and lymphotactin for the C (cd00271) class. Chemokine_Cs differ structurally since they contain only one of the two disulfide bridges that are conserved in all other chemokines and they possess a unique C-terminal extension, which is required for biological activity and thought to play a role in receptor binding. Lymphotactin, a mediator of mucosal immunity, has been found to chemoattract neutrophils and B cells through the XCR1 receptor and thought to be a factor in acute allograft rejection and inflammatory bowel disease.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 444725632  28 GANVEDSVCCQNYARHALPSRAVKHFYWTSPSCRrpGVVLLTLRDWEICADPRQAWVKRIMKKL 91
Cdd:cd00271    2 GSEVLEKSSCVSLTTQRLPVQKIKTYTIKEGSVR--AVIFITKRGLKICADPQAKWVKSAVKTI 63

Chemokine_CX3C: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteines; differ structurally from the other subgroups in that they are attached to a membrane-spanning domain via a mucin-like stalk and can be proteolytically cleaved to a freely diffusible form; chemotatic for T cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells; function as monomers and are found only in vertebrates and a few viruses; currently only fractalkine (sometimes called neurotactin) has been identified as a member of this subfamily; the primary source of fractalkine is neurons, and they exhibit cell adhesion and chemoattractive properties in the central nervous system. See CDs: Chemokine (cd00169) for the general alignment of chemokines, or Chemokine_CXC (cd00273), Chemokine_CC (cd00272), and Chemokine_C (cd00271) for the additional chemokine subgroups.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 444725632  45 LPSRAVKHFYWTSPSCRRPGVVLLTLRDWEICADPRQAWVKRIMKKLRYLSA 96
Cdd:cd00274   19 IPVALLIHYQQNQESCGKRAIILETRQHRLFCADPKEQWVKDAMQHLDRQAA 70