ArfGAP domain of ACAP2 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 2); ACAP2 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages. ACAP3 also positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 406 ESALQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRV 485
Cdd:cd08851    1 ESALQRVQCIPGNASCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRI 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 564377202 486 YEAKLEKMGVKKPQPG-QRQEKEAYIRAKYVERKFV 520
Cdd:cd08851   81 YEARVEKMGAKKPQPGgQRQEKEAYIRAKYVERKFV 116

Ankyrin repeat [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 644 LYRASYEKNLpKMAEAL-AHGADVNWANSDENqaTPLIQAVLGGSLVTCEFLLQNGANVNQRDVQGRGPLHHATVLGHTG 722
Cdd:COG0666  124 LHLAAYNGNL-EIVKLLlEAGADVNAQDNDGN--TPLHLAAANGNLEIVKLLLEAGADVNARDNDGETPLHLAAENGHLE 200

                         90       100       110       120       130
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 564377202 723 QVCLFLKRGANQHATDEEGKDPLSIAVEAANADIVTLLRLARMNEEMRESEGL 775
Cdd:COG0666  201 IVKLLLEAGADVNAKDNDGKTALDLAAENGNLEIVKLLLEAGADLNAKDKDGL 253

BAR domain of APPL family; BAR_12 is the BAR coiled-coil domain at the N-terminus of APPL or adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain, and leucine zipper motif proteins in higher eukaryotes. This BAR domain contains four helices whereas the other classical BAR domains contain only three helices. The first three helices form an antiparallel coiled-coil, while the fourth helix, is unique to APPL1. BAR domains take part in many varied biological processes such as fission of synaptic vesicles, endocytosis, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, transcriptional repression, cell-cell fusion, apoptosis, secretory vesicle fusion, and tissue differentiation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202    5 VDFEECLKDSPRFRAALEEVEGDVAELELKLDKLVKLCIAMIDTGKAFCAANKQFMNGIRDLAQYSSNDAVVETSLTKFS 84
Cdd:pfam16746   1 LEFEECLKDSPQFRSLLEEHEAELDELEKKLKKLLKLCKRMIEAGKEYSAAQRLFANSLLDFKFEFIGDEETDESLKKFS 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202   85 DSLQEMINFHTILFDQTQRSIKAQLQNFVKEDLRKFKDAKKQFEKVSEEKENALVKNAQVQRNK-QHEVEEAANILTATR 163
Cdd:pfam16746  81 QLLQEMENFHTILLDQAQRTIIKPLENFRKEDLKEVKELKKKFDKASEKLDAALEKNAQLSKKKkPSELEEADNELAATR 160

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564377202  164 KCFRHIALDYVLQINVLQSKRRSEILKSMLSFMYAHLAFFHQGYDLFSELGPYMKDLGAQLDRLVVDAAKEKREM 238
Cdd:pfam16746 161 KCFHHASLDYVLQINELQERKKFEILEPLLSFMHAQFTFFHQGYELFKDLEPFMKDLQAQLQQTREDTREEKEEL 235

ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; ACAP (also called centaurin beta) functions both as a Rab35 effector and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) by which it controls actin remodeling and membrane trafficking. ACAP contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a phospholipid-binding domain, a PH domain, a GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats. The AZAPs constitute a family of Arf GAPs that are characterized by an NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and a central Arf GAP domain followed by two or more ankyrin repeats. On the basis of sequence and domain organization, the AZAP family is further subdivided into four subfamilies: 1) the ACAPs contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain (a phospholipid-binding domain that is thought to sense membrane curvature), a single PH domain followed by the GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats; 2) the ASAPs also contain an NH2-terminal BAR domain, the tandem PH domain/GAP domain, three ankyrin repeats, two proline-rich regions, and a COOH-terminal Src homology 3 domain; 3) the AGAPs contain an NH2-terminal GTPase-like domain (GLD), a split PH domain, and the GAP domain followed by four ankyrin repeats; and 4) the ARAPs contain both an Arf GAP domain and a Rho GAP domain, as well as an NH2-terminal sterile-a motif (SAM), a proline-rich region, a GTPase-binding domain, and five PH domains. PMID 18003747 and 19055940 Centaurin can bind to phosphatidlyinositol (3,4,5)P3. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 269 MEGYLFKRASNAFKTWNRkkpdhirRWFSIQNNQLVYQKKF-KDSPTVVVEDLRLCTVKHCEDIERRFCFEVVSPTKSCM 347
Cdd:cd13250    1 KEGYLFKRSSNAFKTWKR-------RWFSLQNGQLYYQKRDkKDEPTVMVEDLRLCTVKPTEDSDRRFCFEVISPTKSYM 73

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564377202 348 LQADSEKLRQAWIKAVQTSIATAYR 372
Cdd:cd13250   74 LQAESEEDRQAWIQAIQSAIASALN 98

Putative GTPase activating protein for Arf; Putative zinc fingers with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) towards the small GTPase, Arf. The GAP of ARD1 stimulates GTPase hydrolysis for ARD1 but not ARFs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202  406 ESALQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRV 485
Cdd:pfam01412   1 KRVLRELLKLPGNKVCADCGAPNPTWASVNLGIFICIDCSGVHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDTWTDEQLELMKAGGNDRANEF 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 564377202  486 YEAKLEKmGVKKPQPGQRQEKEAYIRAKYVERKFVDK 522
Cdd:pfam01412  81 WEANLPP-SYKPPPSSDREKRESFIRAKYVEKKFAKP 116

Ankyrin repeat [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 644 LYRASYEKNLpKMAEAL-AHGADVNWANSDENqaTPLIQAVLGGSLVTCEFLLQNGANVNQRDVQGRGPLHHATVLGHTG 722
Cdd:COG0666  124 LHLAAYNGNL-EIVKLLlEAGADVNAQDNDGN--TPLHLAAANGNLEIVKLLLEAGADVNARDNDGETPLHLAAENGHLE 200

                         90       100       110       120       130
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 564377202 723 QVCLFLKRGANQHATDEEGKDPLSIAVEAANADIVTLLRLARMNEEMRESEGL 775
Cdd:COG0666  201 IVKLLLEAGADVNAKDNDGKTALDLAAENGNLEIVKLLLEAGADLNAKDKDGL 253

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202   267 IVMEGYLFKRASNAFKTWNRkkpdhirRWFSIQNNQLVYQKKFKDSPTVVVE---DLRLCTVKHCEDI---ERRFCFEVV 340
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKKSGGGKKSWKK-------RYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYKPKgsiDLSGCTVREAPDPdssKKPHCFEIK 73

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 564377202   341 SPTKSCM-LQADSEKLRQAWIKAVQTSIA 368
Cdd:smart00233  74 TSDRKTLlLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 676 ATPLIQAVLGGSLVTCEFLLQNGANVNQRDVQGRGPLHHATVLGHTGQVCLFLKRGANQHATDEEGKDPLSIAVEAANAD 755
Cdd:PTZ00322  83 TVELCQLAASGDAVGARILLTGGADPNCRDYDGRTPLHIACANGHVQVVRVLLEFGADPTLLDKDGKTPLELAEENGFRE 162

                 ....*
gi 564377202 756 IVTLL 760
Cdd:PTZ00322 163 VVQLL 167

BAR domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202     6 DFEECLKdspRFRAALEEVEGDVAELELKLDKLVKLcIAMIDTGKAFCAANKQFMNGIRDLAQYSSNDAVVETsLTKFSD 85
Cdd:smart00721  28 DFEELER---RFDTTEAEIEKLQKDTKLYLQPNPAV-RAKLASQKKLSKSLGEVYEGGDDGEGLGADSSYGKA-LDKLGE 102

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202    86 SLQEMINFHTILFDQTQRSIKAQLQNFVKEdlrkFKDAKKQFEK--------------VSEEKENALVKNAQVQRNKQHE 151
Cdd:smart00721 103 ALKKLLQVEESLSQVKRTFILPLLNFLLGE----FKEIKKARKKlerklldydsarhkLKKAKKSKEKKKDEKLAKAEEE 178

                          170       180       190       200       210       220
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 564377202   152 VEEAANILTatrkCFRHIALDYVLQINvlqSKRRSEILKSMLSFMYAHLAFFHQGYDLFSELGPYMKD 219
Cdd:smart00721 179 LRKAKQEFE----ESNAQLVEELPQLV---ASRVDFFVNCLQALIEAQLNFHRESYKLLQQLQQQLDK 239

BAR domain of APPL family; BAR_12 is the BAR coiled-coil domain at the N-terminus of APPL or adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain, and leucine zipper motif proteins in higher eukaryotes. This BAR domain contains four helices whereas the other classical BAR domains contain only three helices. The first three helices form an antiparallel coiled-coil, while the fourth helix, is unique to APPL1. BAR domains take part in many varied biological processes such as fission of synaptic vesicles, endocytosis, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, transcriptional repression, cell-cell fusion, apoptosis, secretory vesicle fusion, and tissue differentiation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202    5 VDFEECLKDSPRFRAALEEVEGDVAELELKLDKLVKLCIAMIDTGKAFCAANKQFMNGIRDLAQYSSNDAVVETSLTKFS 84
Cdd:pfam16746   1 LEFEECLKDSPQFRSLLEEHEAELDELEKKLKKLLKLCKRMIEAGKEYSAAQRLFANSLLDFKFEFIGDEETDESLKKFS 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202   85 DSLQEMINFHTILFDQTQRSIKAQLQNFVKEDLRKFKDAKKQFEKVSEEKENALVKNAQVQRNK-QHEVEEAANILTATR 163
Cdd:pfam16746  81 QLLQEMENFHTILLDQAQRTIIKPLENFRKEDLKEVKELKKKFDKASEKLDAALEKNAQLSKKKkPSELEEADNELAATR 160

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564377202  164 KCFRHIALDYVLQINVLQSKRRSEILKSMLSFMYAHLAFFHQGYDLFSELGPYMKDLGAQLDRLVVDAAKEKREM 238
Cdd:pfam16746 161 KCFHHASLDYVLQINELQERKKFEILEPLLSFMHAQFTFFHQGYELFKDLEPFMKDLQAQLQQTREDTREEKEEL 235

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain containing protein 3; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions. ACAP3 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain containing protein 3), also called centaurin beta-5, is presumed to be an Arf GTPase activating protein (GAP) based on its similarity to the Arf6-specific GAPs ACAP1 and ACAP2. The specific function of ACAP3 is still unknown. ACAP3 contains an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an Arf GAP domain, and C-terminal ankyrin (ANK) repeats. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202  18 RAALEEVEGDVAELELKLDKLVKLCIAMIDTGKAFCAANKQFMNGIRDLAQYSSNDAVVETSLTKFSDSLQEMINFHTIL 97
Cdd:cd07637    1 RATIDEVETDVVEIEAKLDKLVKLCSGMIEAGKAYATTNKLFVSGIRDLSQQCKKDEMISECLDKFGDSLQEMVNYHMIL 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202  98 FDQTQRSIKAQLQNFVKEDLRKFKDAKKQFEKVSEEKENALVKNAQVQRNKQHEVEEAANILTATRKCFRHIALDYVLQI 177
Cdd:cd07637   81 FDQAQRSVRQQLHSFVKEDVRKFKETKKQFDKVREDLEIALVKNAQAPRHKPHEVEEATSTLTITRKCFRHLALDYVLQI 160

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 178 NVLQSKRRSEILKSMLSFMYAHLAFFHQGYDLFSELGPYM 217
Cdd:cd07637  161 NVLQAKKKFEILDSMLSFMHAQYTFFQQGYSLLHELDPYM 200

ArfGAP domain of ACAP (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains) proteins; ArfGAP domain is an essential part of ACAP proteins that play important role in endocytosis, actin remodeling and receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent cell movement. ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of coiled coils (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. In addition, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages. ACAP3 also positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 406 ESALQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRV 485
Cdd:cd08835    1 GSALEQVLSVPGNAQCCDCGSPDPRWASINLGVTLCIECSGIHRSLGVHVSKVRSLTLDSWEPELLKVMLELGNDVVNRI 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 564377202 486 YEAKLEKMGVKKPQPG-QRQEKEAYIRAKYVERKFV 520
Cdd:cd08835   81 YEANVPDDGSVKPTPDsSRQEREAWIRAKYVEKKFV 116

ArfGAP domain of ACAP1 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 1); ACAP1 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages. ACAP3 also positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 408 ALQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYE 487
Cdd:cd08852    3 AVAQVQSVDGNAQCCDCREPAPEWASINLGVTLCIQCSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDSWEPELVKLMCELGNVIINQIYE 82

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 564377202 488 AKLEKMGVKKPQPG-QRQEKEAYIRAKYVERKFVDK 522
Cdd:cd08852   83 ARIEAMAIKKPGPSsSRQEKEAWIRAKYVEKKFITK 118

GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); ArfGAPs are a family of proteins containing an ArfGAP catalytic domain that induces the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Like all GTP-binding proteins, Arf proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between GTP (active-membrane bound) and GDP (inactive-cytosolic) form. Conversion to the GTP-bound form requires a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), whereas conversion to the GDP-bound form is catalyzed by a GTPase activating protein (GAP). In that sense, ArfGAPs were originally proposed to function as terminators of Arf signaling, which is mediated by regulating Arf family GTP-binding proteins. However, recent studies suggest that ArfGAPs can also function as Arf effectors, independently of their GAP enzymatic activity to transduce signals in cells. The ArfGAP domain contains a C4-type zinc finger motif and a conserved arginine that is required for activity, within a specific spacing (CX2CX16CX2CX4R). ArfGAPs, which have multiple functional domains, regulate the membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling via specific interactions with signaling lipids such as phosphoinositides and trafficking proteins, which consequently affect cellular events such as cell growth, migration, and cancer invasion. The ArfGAP family, which includes 31 human ArfGAP-domain containing proteins, is divided into 10 subfamilies based on domain structure and sequence similarity. The ArfGAP nomenclature is mainly based on the protein domain structure. For example, ASAP1 contains ArfGAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains; ARAPs contain ArfGAP, Rho GAP, ANK repeat and PH domains; ACAPs contain ArfGAP, BAR (coiled coil), ANK repeat and PH domains; and AGAPs contain Arf GAP, GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and PH domains. Furthermore, the ArfGAPs can be classified into two major types of subfamilies, according to the overall domain structure: the ArfGAP1 type includes 6 subfamilies (ArfGAP1, ArfGAP2/3, ADAP, SMAP, AGFG, and GIT), which contain the ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus of the protein; and the AZAP type includes 4 subfamilies (ASAP, ACAP, AGAP, and ARAP), which contain an ArfGAP domain between the PH and ANK repeat domains.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 409 LQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYEA 488
Cdd:cd08204    1 LEELLKLPGNKVCADCGAPDPRWASINLGVFICIRCSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDSWTPEQVELMKAIGNARANAYYEA 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 564377202 489 KLEKmGVKKPQPGQ-RQEKEAYIRAKY 514
Cdd:cd08204   81 NLPP-GFKKPTPDSsDEEREQFIRAKY 106

Putative GTP-ase activating proteins for the small GTPase, ARF; Putative zinc fingers with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) towards the small GTPase, Arf. The GAP of ARD1 stimulates GTPase hydrolysis for ARD1 but not ARFs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202   409 LQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYEA 488
Cdd:smart00105   1 LKLLRSIPGNKKCFDCGAPNPTWASVNLGVFLCIECSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDTWTEEELRLLQKGGNENANSIWES 80

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 564377202   489 KLEKMGVKKPQPGQRQEKEAYIRAKYVERKFVDKYS 524
Cdd:smart00105  81 NLDDFSLKPPDDDDQQKYESFIAAKYEEKLFVPPES 116

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ANK repeat and PH domains; The AGAP subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) includes three members: AGAP1-3. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, AGAP proteins contain GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. AGAP1 and AGAP2 have phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-mediated GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity preferentially toward Arf1, and function in the endocytic system. AGAP1 and AGAP2 independently regulate AP-3 endosomes and AP-1/Rab4 fast recycling endosomes, respectively. AGAP1, via its PH domain, directly interacts with the adapter protein 3 (AP-3), which is a coat protein involved in trafficking in the endosomal-lysosomal system, and regulates AP-3-dependent trafficking. In other hand, AGAP2 specifically binds the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and regulates the AP-1/Rab-4 dependent endosomal trafficking. AGAP2 is overexpressed in different human cancers including prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma, and promotes cancer cell invasion. AGAP3 exists as a component of the NMDA receptor complex that regulates Arf6 and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, AGAP3 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the ArfGAP domain. Together, AGAP3 is believed to involve in linking NMDA receptor activation to AMPA receptor trafficking.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 408 ALQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYE 487
Cdd:cd08836    2 ALQAIRNVRGNDHCVDCGAPNPDWASLNLGALMCIECSGIHRNLGTHISRVRSLDLDDWPVELLKVMSAIGNDLANSVWE 81

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 564377202 488 AKLEkmGVKKPQP-GQRQEKEAYIRAKYV 515
Cdd:cd08836   82 GNTQ--GRTKPTPdSSREEKERWIRAKYE 108

Stromal membrane-associated proteins; a subfamily of the ArfGAP family; The SMAP subfamily of Arf GTPase-activating proteins consists of the two structurally-related members, SMAP1 and SMAP2. Each SMAP member exhibits common and distinct functions in vesicle trafficking. They both bind to clathrin heavy chain molecules and are involved in the trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles. SMAP1 preferentially exhibits GAP toward Arf6, while SMAP2 prefers Arf1 as a substrate. SMAP1 is involved in Arf6-dependent vesicle trafficking, but not Arf6-mediated actin cytoskeleton reorganization, and regulates clathrin-dependent endocytosis of the transferrin receptors and E-cadherin. SMAP2 regulates Arf1-dependent retrograde transport of TGN38/46 from the early endosome to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). SMAP2 has the Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid (CALM)-binding domain, but SMAP1 does not.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 416 PGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYEAKLEKmGV 495
Cdd:cd08839    8 EDNKYCADCGAKGPRWASWNLGVFICIRCAGIHRNLGVHISKVKSVNLDSWTPEQVQSMQEMGNARANAYYEANLPD-GF 86

                         90
                 ....*....|....*....
gi 564377202 496 KKPQPgqRQEKEAYIRAKY 514
Cdd:cd08839   87 RRPQT--DSALENFIRDKY 103

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ANK repeat and PH domain 2; The AGAP subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) includes three members: AGAP1-3. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, AGAP proteins contain GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. AGAP1 and AGAP2 have phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-mediated GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity preferentially toward Arf1, and function in the endocytic system. AGAP1 and AGAP2 independently regulate AP-3 endosomes and AP-1/Rab4 fast recycling endosomes, respectively. AGAP1, via its PH domain, directly interacts with the adapter protein 3 (AP-3), which is a coat protein involved in trafficking in the endosomal-lysosomal system, and regulates AP-3-dependent trafficking. In other hand, AGAP2 specifically binds the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and regulates the AP-1/Rab-4 dependent endosomal trafficking. AGAP2 is overexpressed in different human cancers including prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma, and promotes cancer cell invasion. AGAP3 exists as a component of the NMDA receptor complex that regulates Arf6 and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, AGAP3 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the ArfGAP domain. Together, AGAP3 is believed to involve in linking NMDA receptor activation to AMPA receptor trafficking.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 408 ALQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYE 487
Cdd:cd08853    3 ALQSIRNMRGNSHCVDCETQNPKWASLNLGVLMCIECSGIHRNLGTHLSRVRSLDLDDWPVELRKVMSSIGNELANSIWE 82

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 564377202 488 AklEKMGVKKPQ-PGQRQEKEAYIRAKY 514
Cdd:cd08853   83 G--SSQGQTKPSsDSTREEKERWIRAKY 108

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ANK repeat and PH domain 3; The AGAP subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) includes three members: AGAP1-3. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, AGAP proteins contain GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. AGAP3 exists as a component of the NMDA receptor complex that regulates Arf6 and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, AGAP3 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the ArfGAP domain. Together, AGAP3 is believed to involve in linking NMDA receptor activation to AMPA receptor trafficking. AGAP1 and AGAP2 have phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-mediated GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity preferentially toward Arf1, and function in the endocytic system. AGAP1 and AGAP2 independently regulate AP-3 endosomes and AP-1/Rab4 fast recycling endosomes, respectively. AGAP1, via its PH domain, directly interacts with the adapter protein 3 (AP-3), which is a coat protein involved in trafficking in the endosomal-lysosomal system, and regulates AP-3-dependent trafficking. In other hand, AGAP2 specifically binds the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and regulates the AP-1/Rab-4 dependent endosomal trafficking. AGAP2 is overexpressed in different human cancers including prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma, and promotes cancer cell invasion.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 408 ALQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYE 487
Cdd:cd08855    4 AIQSIRNVRGNSFCIDCDAPNPDWASLNLGALMCIECSGIHRNLGTHLSRVRSLDLDDWPVELSMVMTAIGNAMANSVWE 83

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 564377202 488 AKLEkmGVKKPQP-GQRQEKEAYIRAKY 514
Cdd:cd08855   84 GALD--GYSKPGPdSTREEKERWIRAKY 109

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ANK repeat and PH domain 1; The AGAP subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) includes three members: AGAP1-3. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, AGAP proteins contain GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. AGAP1 and AGAP2 have phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-mediated GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity preferentially toward Arf1, and function in the endocytic system. AGAP1 and AGAP2 independently regulate AP-3 endosomes and AP-1/Rab4 fast recycling endosomes, respectively. AGAP1, via its PH domain, directly interacts with the adapter protein 3 (AP-3), which is a coat protein involved in trafficking in the endosomal-lysosomal system, and regulates AP-3-dependent trafficking. In other hand, AGAP2 specifically binds the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and regulates the AP-1/Rab-4 dependent endosomal trafficking. AGAP2 is overexpressed in different human cancers including prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma, and promotes cancer cell invasion. AGAP3 exists as a component of the NMDA receptor complex that regulates Arf6 and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, AGAP3 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the ArfGAP domain. Together, AGAP3 is believed to involve in linking NMDA receptor activation to AMPA receptor trafficking.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 408 ALQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYE 487
Cdd:cd08854    3 AIQAIRNAKGNSLCVDCGAPNPTWASLNLGALICIECSGIHRNLGTHLSRVRSLDLDDWPRELTLVLTAIGNHMANSIWE 82

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 564377202 488 AKLEkmGVKKPQP-GQRQEKEAYIRAKY 514
Cdd:cd08854   83 SCTQ--GRTKPAPdSSREERESWIRAKY 108

The GIT subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins; The GIT (G-protein coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein) subfamily includes GIT1 and GIT2, which have three ANK repeats, a Spa-homology domain (SHD), a coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal paxillin-binding site (PBS). The GIT1/2 proteins are GTPase-activating proteins that function as an inactivator of Arf signaling, and interact with the PIX/Cool family of Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Unlike other ArfGAPs, GIT and PIX (Pak-interacting exchange factor) proteins are tightly associated to form an oligomeric complex that acts as a scaffold and signal integrator that can be recruited for multiple signaling pathways. The GIT/PIX complex functions as a signaling scaffold by binding to specific protein partners. As a result, the complex is transported to specific cellular locations. For instance, the GIT partners paxillin or integrin-alpha4 (to focal adhesions), piccolo and liprin-alpha (to synapses), and the beta-PIX partner Scribble (to epithelial cell-cell contacts and synapses). Moreover, the GIT/PIT complex functions to integrate signals from multiple GTP-binding protein and protein kinase pathways to regulate the actin cytoskeleton and thus cell polarity, adhesion and migration.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 421 CCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYEAKL---EKMGVKK 497
Cdd:cd08833   11 CADCSAPDPEWASINRGVLICDECCSIHRSLGRHISQVKSLRKDQWPPSLLEMVQTLGNNGANSIWEHSLldpSQSGKRK 90

                         90
                 ....*....|....*....
gi 564377202 498 PQPGQ--RQEKEAYIRAKY 514
Cdd:cd08833   91 PIPPDpvHPTKEEFIKAKY 109

Arf1 GTPase-activating protein 1; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 409 LQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVyea 488
Cdd:cd08830    5 LRELQKLPGNNRCFDCGAPNPQWASVSYGIFICLECSGVHRGLGVHISFVRSITMDSWSEKQLKKMELGGNAKLREF--- 81

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 564377202 489 kLEKMGVKKPQPgqrqekeayIRAKY 514
Cdd:cd08830   82 -FESYGISPDLP---------IREKY 97

ARF1 GTPase-activating protein 1-like; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 564377202 409 LQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLM 474
Cdd:cd08959    5 FKKLRSKPENKVCFDCGAKNPQWASVTYGIFICLDCSGVHRGLGVHISFVRSTTMDKWTEEQLRKM 70

Arf1 GTPase-activating protein 2/3-like; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 564377202 409 LQRVQCIPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGND 480
Cdd:cd08831    6 FKKLRSKPENKVCFDCGAKNPTWASVTFGVFLCLDCSGVHRSLGVHISFVRSTNLDSWTPEQLRRMKVGGNA 77

ADAP1 GTPase activating protein for Arf, with dual PH domains; The ADAP subfamily, ArfGAPs with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, includes two members: ADAP1 and ADAP2. Both ADAP1 (also known as centaurin-alpha1, p42(IP4), or PIP3BP) and ADAP2 (centaurin-alpha2) display a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), which is involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and neuronal differentiation. ADAP2 has high sequence similarity to the ADAP1 and they both contain a ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus, followed by two PH domains. However, ADAP1, unlike ADAP2, contains a putative N-terminal nuclear localization signal. The PH domains of ADAP1bind to the two second messenger molecules phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (I(1,3,4,5)P4) with identical high affinity, whereas those of ADAP2 specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) and PI(3,4,5)P3, which are produced by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. ADAP1 is predominantly expressed in the brain neurons, while ADAP2 is broadly expressed, including the adipocytes, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in the brain. The limited distribution and high expression of ADAP1 in the brain indicates that ADAP1 is important for neuronal functions. ADAP1 has been shown to highly expressed in the neurons and plagues of Alzheimer's disease patients. In other hand, ADAP2 gene deletion has been shown to cause circulatory deficiencies and heart shape defects in zebrafish, indicating that ADAP2 has a vital role in heart development. Taken together, the hemizygous deletion of ADAP2 gene may be contributing to the cardiovascular malformation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564377202 409 LQRvqciPGNTSCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGvHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRVYEA 488
Cdd:cd08843   12 LQR----PGNARCADCGAPDPDWASYTLGVFICLSCSGIHRNIP-QVSKVKSVRLDAWEEAQVEFMASHGNDAARARFES 86

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 564377202 489 KLEKMgVKKPQPGQRQ-EKEAYIRAKY 514
Cdd:cd08843   87 KVPSF-YYRPTPSDCQlLREQWIRAKY 112