SAM domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group is a protein-protein interaction domain. Ph1,2,3 proteins are members of PRC1 complex. This complex is involved in transcriptional repression of Hox (Homeobox) cluster genes. It is recruited through methylated H3Lys27 and supports the repression state by mediating monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Proteins of the Ph1,2,3 subfamily contribute to anterior-posterior neural tissue specification during embryogenesis. Additionally, the P2 protein of zebrafish is known to be involved in epiboly and tailbud formation. SAM domains of Ph proteins may interact with each other, forming homooligomers, as well as with SAM domains of other proteins, in particular with the SAM domain of Scm (sex comb on midleg) proteins, forming heterooligomers. Homooligomers are similar to the ones formed by SAM Pointed domains of the TEL proteins. Such SAM/SAM oligomers apparently play a role in transcriptional repression through polymerization along the chromosome.

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                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958769749  946 SNPSQWSVEEVYEFIASLQGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKINVLKE 1014
Cdd:cd09577      1 SNPSKWSVEDVYEFIRSLPGCSDYAEEFRAQEIDGQALLLLKEDHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKINSLKE 69

SAM domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group is a protein-protein interaction domain. Ph1,2,3 proteins are members of PRC1 complex. This complex is involved in transcriptional repression of Hox (Homeobox) cluster genes. It is recruited through methylated H3Lys27 and supports the repression state by mediating monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Proteins of the Ph1,2,3 subfamily contribute to anterior-posterior neural tissue specification during embryogenesis. Additionally, the P2 protein of zebrafish is known to be involved in epiboly and tailbud formation. SAM domains of Ph proteins may interact with each other, forming homooligomers, as well as with SAM domains of other proteins, in particular with the SAM domain of Scm (sex comb on midleg) proteins, forming heterooligomers. Homooligomers are similar to the ones formed by SAM Pointed domains of the TEL proteins. Such SAM/SAM oligomers apparently play a role in transcriptional repression through polymerization along the chromosome.

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                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958769749  946 SNPSQWSVEEVYEFIASLQGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKINVLKE 1014
Cdd:cd09577      1 SNPSKWSVEDVYEFIRSLPGCSDYAEEFRAQEIDGQALLLLKEDHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKINSLKE 69

Sterile alpha motif; Widespread domain in signalling and nuclear proteins. In EPH-related tyrosine kinases, appears to mediate cell-cell initiated signal transduction via the binding of SH2-containing proteins to a conserved tyrosine that is phosphorylated. In many cases mediates homodimerisation.

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                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958769749   948 PSQWSVEEVYEFIASLqGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNI-KLGPALKICAKINVLKET 1015
Cdd:smart00454    1 VSQWSPESVADWLESI-GLEQYADNFRKNGIDGALLLLLTSEEDLKELGItKLGHRKKILKAIQKLKEQ 68

SAM domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group is a protein-protein interaction domain. Ph1,2,3 proteins are members of PRC1 complex. This complex is involved in transcriptional repression of Hox (Homeobox) cluster genes. It is recruited through methylated H3Lys27 and supports the repression state by mediating monoubiquitination of histone H2A. Proteins of the Ph1,2,3 subfamily contribute to anterior-posterior neural tissue specification during embryogenesis. Additionally, the P2 protein of zebrafish is known to be involved in epiboly and tailbud formation. SAM domains of Ph proteins may interact with each other, forming homooligomers, as well as with SAM domains of other proteins, in particular with the SAM domain of Scm (sex comb on midleg) proteins, forming heterooligomers. Homooligomers are similar to the ones formed by SAM Pointed domains of the TEL proteins. Such SAM/SAM oligomers apparently play a role in transcriptional repression through polymerization along the chromosome.

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                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958769749  946 SNPSQWSVEEVYEFIASLQGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKINVLKE 1014
Cdd:cd09577      1 SNPSKWSVEDVYEFIRSLPGCSDYAEEFRAQEIDGQALLLLKEDHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKINSLKE 69

SAM domain of Samd7,11 subfamily of Polycomb group; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain is a protein-protein interaction domain. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that proteins of this subfamily are most closely related to SAM-Ph1,2,3 subfamily of Polycomb group. They are predicted transcriptional repressors in photoreceptor cells and pinealocytes of vertebrates. SAM domain containing protein 11 is also known as Mr-s (major retinal SAM) protein. In mouse, it is predominantly expressed in developing retinal photoreceptors and in adult pineal gland. The SAM domain is involved in homooligomerization of whole proteins (it was shown based on immunoprecipitation assay and mutagenesis), however its repression activity is not due to SAM/SAM interactions but to the C-terminal region.

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gi 1958769749  949 SQWSVEEVYEFIASLQGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKI 1009
Cdd:cd09579      2 RKWTVDDVCSFIGSLPGCAEYAQVFREHSIDGETLPLLTEEHLLNTMGLKLGPALKIRSQV 62

SAM domain of Scm-like-3MBT3,4 proteins of Polycomb group; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of Scm-like-3MBT3,4 (Sex comb on midleg, Malignant brain tumor) subfamily proteins (also known as L3mbtl3,4 proteins) is a putative protein-protein interaction domain. Proteins of this subfamily are predicted transcriptional regulators belonging to Polycomb group. The majority of them are multidomain proteins: in addition to the C-terminal SAM domain, they contain three MBT repeats and Zn finger domain. Murine L3mbtl3 protein of this subfamily is essential for maturation of myeloid progenitor cells during differentiation. Human L3mbtl4 is a potential tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, while deregulation of L3MBTL3 is associated with neuroblastoma.

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                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958769749  948 PSQWSVEEVYEFIASLQGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKINVLK 1013
Cdd:cd09582      1 VLRWSVDEVAEFVQSLPGCEEHAKVFRDEQIDGEAFLLLTQSDLVKILGIKLGPALKIYNSILMLR 66

Unstructured region on Polyhomeotic-like protein 1 and 2; PHC2_SAM_assoc is a natively unstructured region on Polyhomeotic-like proteins 1 and 2, that lies immediately upstream of the SAM domain, pfam00536. The function is not known.

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                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958769749  839 NVSCSHQFRL-KRKKMKEFQEASYARVRRRGPRRSSSDIARA--------------KIQGKR--HRGQEDSSRGSDNSSY 901
Cdd:pfam16616    1 NVGCTKRVGLfHPDRSKLQKEGAEAHNRRRASKRSLSNLSKEakkqkpspqqsqggSVSSPLlsQPSQEESSRCSDNSSY 80

                           90       100       110       120
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1958769749  902 DEALSPTSPGPLSVRAGHGERDLgnTITTPSTPELQGINPVFLSS 946
Cdd:pfam16616   81 EEPPSPLSAASSGSRRRRGERGL--EPPDVHPRDLPGLGHHFLPS 123

Sterile alpha motif; Widespread domain in signalling and nuclear proteins. In EPH-related tyrosine kinases, appears to mediate cell-cell initiated signal transduction via the binding of SH2-containing proteins to a conserved tyrosine that is phosphorylated. In many cases mediates homodimerisation.

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                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958769749   948 PSQWSVEEVYEFIASLqGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNI-KLGPALKICAKINVLKET 1015
Cdd:smart00454    1 VSQWSPESVADWLESI-GLEQYADNFRKNGIDGALLLLLTSEEDLKELGItKLGHRKKILKAIQKLKEQ 68

SAM domain of Scm-like-4MBT proteins of Polycomb group; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of Scm-like-4MBT (Sex comb on midleg like, Malignant Brain Tumor) subfamily proteins of the polycomb group is a putative protein-protein interaction domain. Additionally to the SAM domain, most of the proteins of this subfamily have 4 MBT repeats. In Drosophila SAM-Scm-like-4MBT protein (known as dSfmbt) is a member of Pho repressive complex (PhoRC). Additionally to dSfmbt, the PhoRC complex includes Pho or Pho-like proteins. This complex is responsible for HOX (Homeobox) gene silencing: Pho or Pho-like proteins bind DNA and dSmbt binds methylated histones. dSmbt can interact with mono- and di-methylated histones H3 and H4 (however this activity has been shown for the MBT repeats, while exact function of the SAM domain is unclear). Besides interaction with histones, dSmbt can interact with Scm (a member of PRC complex), but this interaction also seems to be SAM domain independent.

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gi 1958769749  948 PSQWSVEEVYEFIAsLQGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKINVLK 1013
Cdd:cd09580      1 PSTWGVKDVSQFLR-ENDCGAYCECFCRQNIDGKRLLSLTKEQIMTLTGMKVGPSLKIYDLIQQLK 65

SAM domain of Samd9/Samd9L subfamily; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of Samd9/Samd9L subfamily is a putative protein-protein interaction domain. SAM is a widespread domain in signaling proteins. Samd9 is a tumor suppressor gene. It is involved in death signaling of malignant glioblastoma. Samd9 suppression blocks cancer cell death induced by HVJ-E or IFN-beta treatment. Deleterious mutations in Samd9 lead to normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis, a cutaneous disorder characterized by cutaneous calcification or ossification.

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gi 1958769749  949 SQWSVEEVYEFIASLQGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSaMNIKLGPALKICAKINVLK 1013
Cdd:cd09528      1 DDWTKEHVKQWLIEDLIDKKYAEILYEEEVTGAVLKELTEEDLVD-MGLPHGPALLIIHSFNELN 64

SAM (Sterile alpha motif ); SAM (Sterile Alpha Motif) domain is a module consisting of approximately 70 amino acids. This domain is found in the Fungi/Metazoa group and in a restricted number of bacteria. Proteins with SAM domains are represented by a wide variety of domain architectures and have different intracellular localization, including nucleus, cytoplasm and membranes. SAM domains have diverse functions. They can interact with proteins, RNAs and membrane lipids, contain site of phosphorylation and/or kinase docking site, and play a role in protein homo and hetero dimerization/oligomerization in processes ranging from signal transduction to regulation of transcription. Mutations in SAM domains have been linked to several diseases.

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                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958769749  955 EVYEFIASLqGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLMSAMNIKLGPALKICAKIN 1010
Cdd:cd09487      1 DVAEWLESL-GLEQYADLFRKNEIDGDALLLLTDEDLKELGITSPGHRKKILRAIQ 55

SAM domain of sphingomyelin synthase related subfamily; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of SGMS-like (sphingomyelin synthase) subfamily is a potential protein-protein interaction domain. This group of proteins is related to sphingomyelin synthase 1, and contains an N-terminal SAM domain. The function of SGMS1-like proteins is unknown; they may play a role in sphingolipid metabolism.

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gi 1958769749  948 PSQWSVEEVYEFiASLQGCQEIAEEFRSQE-IDGQALLLLKEEHLMS-AMNIK-LGPALKICAKINVLK 1013
Cdd:cd09515      1 VHEWTCEDVAKW-LKKEGFSKYVDLLCNKHrIDGKVLLSLTEEDLRSpPLEIKvLGDIKRLWLAIRKLQ 68

SAM domain of HD-phosphohydrolase; SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain of SAM_HD subfamily proteins is a putative protein-protein interaction domain. Proteins of this group, additionally to the SAM domain, contain a HD hydrolase domain. Human SAM-HD1 is a nuclear protein involved in innate immune response and may act as a negative regulator of the cell-intrinsic antiviral response. Mutations in this gene lead to Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (symptoms include cerebral atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and increased production of alpha-interferon).

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gi 1958769749  947 NPSQWSVEEVYEFIASL-QGCQEIAEEFRSQEIDGQALLLLKEEHLmSAMNIK-LGPALKICAKINVLKET 1015
Cdd:cd09508      1 DFRSWDPEDVCQFLRGNgFGEPELLEIFRENEITGAHLPDLTESRL-EKLGVSsLGERLKLLKCLQKLSQI 70