The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Oligophrenin-1; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions. Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) with activity towards RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42, that is expressed in developing spinal cord and in adult brain areas with high plasticity. It plays a role in regulating the actin cystoskeleton as well as morphology changes in axons and dendrites, and may also function in modulating neuronal connectivity. Mutations in the OPHN1 gene causes X-linked mental retardation associated with cerebellar hypoplasia, lateral ventricle enlargement and epilepsy. OPHN1 contains an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a Rho GAP domain. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  19 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGSALISAMRSYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLNEVE 98
Cdd:cd07633    1 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGNALISAIKEYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLQEVE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  99 NERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLETFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDGERFYSLLDRHLHLSSKKKESQLLEADLQVDKERHNFFESS 178
Cdd:cd07633   81 EERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLENFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDSEKFYSLLDRHVNLSSKKKESQLQEADLQVDKERQNFYESS 160

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 157822683 179 LDYVYQIQEVQESKKFNIVEPVLAFLHSLFISNSLTVELTQDFLPYK 225
Cdd:cd07633  161 LEYVYQIQEVQESKKFDVVEPVLAFLHSLFTSNNLTVELTQDFLPYK 207

GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal adhesion and related proteins Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; This hierarchy contains GRAF family members: OPHN1/oligophrenin1, GRAF1 (also called ARHGAP26/Rho GTPase activating protein 26), GRAF2 (also called ARHGAP10/ARHGAP42), AK057372, and LOC129897, all of which are members of the APPL family. OPHN1 is a RhoGAP involved in X-linked mental retardation, epilepsy, rostral ventricular enlargement, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Affected individuals have morphological abnormalities of their brain with enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and cerebellar hypoplasia. OPHN1 negatively regulates RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. GRAF1 sculpts the endocytic membranes of the CLIC/GEEC (clathrin-independent carriers/GPI-enriched early endosomal compartments) endocytic pathway. It strongly interacts with dynamin and inhibition of dynamin abolishes CLIC/GEEC endocytosis. GRAF2, GRAF3 and oligophrenin are likely to play similar roles during clathrin-independent endocytic events. GRAF1 mutations are linked to leukaemia. All members are composed of a N-terminal BAR-PH domain, followed by a RhoGAP domain, a proline rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 267 TIEGYLYTQEKWALGISWVKYYCRYEKETRTLTMTPTEQKPGAK-QGPVDLTLKYCVRRKTESIDKRFCFDIEANERTGT 345
Cdd:cd01249    1 TKEGYLYLQEKKPLGSTWTKHYCTYRKESKMFTMIPYNQQSSGKlGTTEVVTLKSCVRRKTDSIDRRFCFDIEVVDRPTV 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 157822683 346 ITLQAPSEANRRLWMEAMDGKEPIY 370
Cdd:cd01249   81 LTLQALSEEDRKLWLEAMDGKEPIY 105

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Oligophrenin-1; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions. Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) with activity towards RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42, that is expressed in developing spinal cord and in adult brain areas with high plasticity. It plays a role in regulating the actin cystoskeleton as well as morphology changes in axons and dendrites, and may also function in modulating neuronal connectivity. Mutations in the OPHN1 gene causes X-linked mental retardation associated with cerebellar hypoplasia, lateral ventricle enlargement and epilepsy. OPHN1 contains an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a Rho GAP domain. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  19 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGSALISAMRSYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLNEVE 98
Cdd:cd07633    1 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGNALISAIKEYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLQEVE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  99 NERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLETFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDGERFYSLLDRHLHLSSKKKESQLLEADLQVDKERHNFFESS 178
Cdd:cd07633   81 EERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLENFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDSEKFYSLLDRHVNLSSKKKESQLQEADLQVDKERQNFYESS 160

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 157822683 179 LDYVYQIQEVQESKKFNIVEPVLAFLHSLFISNSLTVELTQDFLPYK 225
Cdd:cd07633  161 LEYVYQIQEVQESKKFDVVEPVLAFLHSLFTSNNLTVELTQDFLPYK 207

BAR domain of APPL family; BAR_12 is the BAR coiled-coil domain at the N-terminus of APPL or adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain, and leucine zipper motif proteins in higher eukaryotes. This BAR domain contains four helices whereas the other classical BAR domains contain only three helices. The first three helices form an antiparallel coiled-coil, while the fourth helix, is unique to APPL1. BAR domains take part in many varied biological processes such as fission of synaptic vesicles, endocytosis, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, transcriptional repression, cell-cell fusion, apoptosis, secretory vesicle fusion, and tissue differentiation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683    6 LEFSDCYLDSPDFRERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGSALISAMRSYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDdeiniaE 85
Cdd:pfam16746   1 LEFEECLKDSPQFRSLLEEHEAELDELEKKLKKLLKLCKRMIEAGKEYSAAQRLFANSLLDFKFEFIGDEETD------E 74

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683   86 SFKEFAELLNEVENERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLETFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDGERFYSLLDRHLHLSSKKKESQLLEADL 165
Cdd:pfam16746  75 SLKKFSQLLQEMENFHTILLDQAQRTIIKPLENFRKEDLKEVKELKKKFDKASEKLDAALEKNAQLSKKKKPSELEEADN 154

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  166 QVDKERHNFFESSLDYVYQIQEVQESKKFNIVEPVLAFLHSLFISNSLTVELTQDFLPYKQQLQLSLQNTRNhfsSTREE 245
Cdd:pfam16746 155 ELAATRKCFHHASLDYVLQINELQERKKFEILEPLLSFMHAQFTFFHQGYELFKDLEPFMKDLQAQLQQTRE---DTREE 231

                  ....
gi 157822683  246 MEEL 249
Cdd:pfam16746 232 KEEL 235

GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal adhesion and related proteins Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; This hierarchy contains GRAF family members: OPHN1/oligophrenin1, GRAF1 (also called ARHGAP26/Rho GTPase activating protein 26), GRAF2 (also called ARHGAP10/ARHGAP42), AK057372, and LOC129897, all of which are members of the APPL family. OPHN1 is a RhoGAP involved in X-linked mental retardation, epilepsy, rostral ventricular enlargement, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Affected individuals have morphological abnormalities of their brain with enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and cerebellar hypoplasia. OPHN1 negatively regulates RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. GRAF1 sculpts the endocytic membranes of the CLIC/GEEC (clathrin-independent carriers/GPI-enriched early endosomal compartments) endocytic pathway. It strongly interacts with dynamin and inhibition of dynamin abolishes CLIC/GEEC endocytosis. GRAF2, GRAF3 and oligophrenin are likely to play similar roles during clathrin-independent endocytic events. GRAF1 mutations are linked to leukaemia. All members are composed of a N-terminal BAR-PH domain, followed by a RhoGAP domain, a proline rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 267 TIEGYLYTQEKWALGISWVKYYCRYEKETRTLTMTPTEQKPGAK-QGPVDLTLKYCVRRKTESIDKRFCFDIEANERTGT 345
Cdd:cd01249    1 TKEGYLYLQEKKPLGSTWTKHYCTYRKESKMFTMIPYNQQSSGKlGTTEVVTLKSCVRRKTDSIDRRFCFDIEVVDRPTV 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 157822683 346 ITLQAPSEANRRLWMEAMDGKEPIY 370
Cdd:cd01249   81 LTLQALSEEDRKLWLEAMDGKEPIY 105

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683   266 PTIEGYLYTQEKWALGiSWVKYYCRYEkeTRTLTMTPTEQ--KPGAKQGPVDLTLKYCVRR-KTESIDKRFCFDIEANER 342
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKKSGGGKK-SWKKRYFVLF--NSTLLYYKSKKdkKSYKPKGSIDLSGCTVREApDPDSSKKPHCFEIKTSDR 77

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|.
gi 157822683   343 TgTITLQAPSEANRRLWMEAM 363
Cdd:smart00233  78 K-TLLLQAESEEEREKWVEAL 97

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Oligophrenin-1; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions. Oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1) is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) with activity towards RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42, that is expressed in developing spinal cord and in adult brain areas with high plasticity. It plays a role in regulating the actin cystoskeleton as well as morphology changes in axons and dendrites, and may also function in modulating neuronal connectivity. Mutations in the OPHN1 gene causes X-linked mental retardation associated with cerebellar hypoplasia, lateral ventricle enlargement and epilepsy. OPHN1 contains an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a Rho GAP domain. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  19 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGSALISAMRSYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLNEVE 98
Cdd:cd07633    1 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGNALISAIKEYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLQEVE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  99 NERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLETFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDGERFYSLLDRHLHLSSKKKESQLLEADLQVDKERHNFFESS 178
Cdd:cd07633   81 EERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLENFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDSEKFYSLLDRHVNLSSKKKESQLQEADLQVDKERQNFYESS 160

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 157822683 179 LDYVYQIQEVQESKKFNIVEPVLAFLHSLFISNSLTVELTQDFLPYK 225
Cdd:cd07633  161 LEYVYQIQEVQESKKFDVVEPVLAFLHSLFTSNNLTVELTQDFLPYK 207

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Oligophrenin1-like Rho GTPase Activating Proteins; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions. This subfamily is composed of Rho and Rac GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) with similarity to oligophrenin1 (OPHN1). Members contain an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a Rho GAP domain. Some members contain a C-terminal SH3 domain. Vertebrates harbor at least three Rho GAPs in this subfamily including OPHN1, GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal adhesion kinase (GRAF), GRAF2, and an uncharacterized protein called GAP10-like. OPHN1, GRAF and GRAF2 show GAP activity towards RhoA and Cdc42. In addition, OPHN1 is active towards Rac. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The BAR domains of OPHN1 and GRAF directly interact with their Rho GAP domains and inhibit their activity. The autoinhibited proteins are able to bind membranes and tubulate liposomes, showing that the membrane-tubulation and GAP-inhibitory functions of the BAR domains can occur simultaneously.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  19 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGSALISAMRSYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLNEVE 98
Cdd:cd07602    1 RENLHEHEAELERTNKAIKELIKECKNLISATKNLSKAQRSFAQTLQNFKFECIGETQTDDEIEIAESLKEFGRLIETVE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  99 NERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLETFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDGERFYSLLDRHLHLSSKKKESQLLEADLQVDKERHNFFESS 178
Cdd:cd07602   81 DERDRMLENAEEQLIEPLEKFRKEQIGGAKEEKKKFDKETEKFCSSLEKHLNLSTKKKENQLQEADAQLDMERRNFHQAS 160

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 157822683 179 LDYVYQIQEVQESKKFNIVEPVLAFLHSLFISNSLTVELTQDFLPYK 225
Cdd:cd07602  161 LEYVFKLQEVQERKKFEFVETLLSFMYGWLTFYHQGHEVAKDFKPYL 207

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of Rho GTPase activating protein 10-like; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions. This group is composed of uncharacterized proteins called Rho GTPase activating protein (GAP) 10-like. GAP10-like may be a GAP with activity towards RhoA and Cdc42. Similar to GRAF and GRAF2, it contains an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a Rho GAP domain, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The BAR domains of the related proteins GRAF and OPHN1, directly interact with their Rho GAP domains and inhibit theiractivity. The autoinhibited proteins are capable of binding membranes and tubulating liposomes, showing that the membrane-tubulation and GAP-inhibitory functions of the BAR domain can occur simultaneously.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  19 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGSALISAMRSYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLNEVE 98
Cdd:cd07634    1 RERLQCHEIELERTNKFIKELIKDGSLLIGALRNLSMAVQKFSQSLQDFQFECIGDAETDDEISIAQSLKEFARLLIAVE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  99 NERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLETFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDGERFYSLLDRHLHLSSKKKESQLLEADLQVDKERHNFFESS 178
Cdd:cd07634   81 EERRRLIQNANDVLIAPLEKFRKEQIGAAKDGKKKFDKESEKYYSILEKHLNLSAKKKESHLQRADTQIDREHQNFYEAS 160

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 157822683 179 LDYVYQIQEVQESKKFNIVEPVLAFLHSLFISNSLTVELTQDFLPYK 225
Cdd:cd07634  161 LEYVFKIQEVQEKKKFEFVEPLLAFLQGLFTFYHEGYELAQEFAPYK 207

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal adhesion 2; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions. GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal adhesion kinase 2 (GRAF2), also called Rho GTPase activating protein 10 (ARHGAP10) or PS-GAP, is a GAP with activity towards Cdc42 and RhoA which regulates caspase-activated p21-activated protein kinase-2 (PAK-2p34). GRAF2 interacts with PAK-2p34, leading to its stabilization and decrease of cell death. It is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and also interacts with PKNbeta, which is a target of Rho. GRAF2 contains an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a Rho GAP domain, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The BAR domain of the related protein GRAF directly interacts with its Rho GAP domain and inhibits its activity. Autoinhibited GRAF is capable of binding membranes and tubulating liposomes, showing that the membrane-tubulation and GAP-inhibitory functions of the BAR domain can occur simultaneously.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  19 RERLKCYEQELERTNKFIKDVIKDGSALISAMRSYSSAVQKFSQTLQSFQFDFIGDTLTDDEINIAESFKEFAELLNEVE 98
Cdd:cd07635    1 RERIRAHEAELERTNRFIKELLKDGKNLIAATKSLSAAQRKFAHSLRDFKFEFIGDAETDDERCIDASLQEFSNFLKNLE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  99 NERMMMVQNASDLLIKPLETFRKEQIGFTKERKKKFEKDGERFYSLLDRHLHLSSKKKESQLLEADLQVDKERHNFFESS 178
Cdd:cd07635   81 EQREIMALNVTETLIKPLERFRKEQLGAVKEEKKKFDKETEKNYSLLEKHLNLSAKKKEPQLQEADVQVEQNRQHFYELS 160

                        170       180       190       200
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 157822683 179 LDYVYQIQEVQESKKFNIVEPVLAFLHSLFISNSLTVELTQDFLPYK 225
Cdd:cd07635  161 LEYVCKLQEIQERKKFECVEPMLSFFQGVFTFYHQGYELAKDFNHYK 207

GTPase Regulator Associated with Focal adhesion and related proteins Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; This hierarchy contains GRAF family members: OPHN1/oligophrenin1, GRAF1 (also called ARHGAP26/Rho GTPase activating protein 26), GRAF2 (also called ARHGAP10/ARHGAP42), AK057372, and LOC129897, all of which are members of the APPL family. OPHN1 is a RhoGAP involved in X-linked mental retardation, epilepsy, rostral ventricular enlargement, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Affected individuals have morphological abnormalities of their brain with enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and cerebellar hypoplasia. OPHN1 negatively regulates RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. GRAF1 sculpts the endocytic membranes of the CLIC/GEEC (clathrin-independent carriers/GPI-enriched early endosomal compartments) endocytic pathway. It strongly interacts with dynamin and inhibition of dynamin abolishes CLIC/GEEC endocytosis. GRAF2, GRAF3 and oligophrenin are likely to play similar roles during clathrin-independent endocytic events. GRAF1 mutations are linked to leukaemia. All members are composed of a N-terminal BAR-PH domain, followed by a RhoGAP domain, a proline rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 267 TIEGYLYTQEKWALGISWVKYYCRYEKETRTLTMTPTEQKPGAK-QGPVDLTLKYCVRRKTESIDKRFCFDIEANERTGT 345
Cdd:cd01249    1 TKEGYLYLQEKKPLGSTWTKHYCTYRKESKMFTMIPYNQQSSGKlGTTEVVTLKSCVRRKTDSIDRRFCFDIEVVDRPTV 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 157822683 346 ITLQAPSEANRRLWMEAMDGKEPIY 370
Cdd:cd01249   81 LTLQALSEEDRKLWLEAMDGKEPIY 105

RhoGAP domain; GTPase activator proteins towards Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like small GTPases.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683  388 KFVRKCINFIETKGIKTEGLYRTVGSNIQVQKLLNAFfdpKCPGDVDFYNSDWDIKTITSSLKFYLRNLSEPVMTYKLHK 467
Cdd:pfam00620   2 LIVRKCVEYLEKRGLDTEGIFRVSGSASRIKELREAF---DRGPDVDLDLEEEDVHVVASLLKLFLRELPEPLLTFELYE 78

                          90       100       110       120       130       140
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 157822683  468 ELVSAAKSDNLDYRLGAIHSLVYKLPEKNREMLELLIKHLVNVCEHSKENLMTPSNMGVIFGPTLMR 534
Cdd:pfam00620  79 EFIEAAKLPDEEERLEALRELLRKLPPANRDTLRYLLAHLNRVAQNSDVNKMNAHNLAIVFGPTLLR 145

RhoGAP_chimaerin: RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP] for Rho-like small GTPases) domain of chimaerins. Chimaerins are a family of phorbolester- and diacylglycerol-responsive GAPs specific for the Rho-like GTPase Rac. Chimaerins exist in two alternative splice forms that each contain a C-terminal GAP domain, and a central C1 domain which binds phorbol esters, inducing a conformational change that activates the protein; one splice form is lacking the N-terminal Src homology-2 (SH2) domain. Small GTPases cluster into distinct families, and all act as molecular switches, active in their GTP-bound form but inactive when GDP-bound. The Rho family of GTPases activates effectors involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including regulation of cytoskeleton formation, cell proliferation and the JNK signaling pathway. GTPases generally have a low intrinsic GTPase hydrolytic activity but there are family-specific groups of GAPs that enhance the rate of GTP hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 390 VRKCINFIETKGIKTEGLYRTVGSNIQVQKLLNAFFDPKCPGDVDfYNSDWDIKTITSSLKFYLRNLSEPVMTYKLHKEL 469
Cdd:cd04372   20 VDMCIREIEARGLQSEGLYRVSGFAEEIEDVKMAFDRDGEKADIS-ATVYPDINVITGALKLYFRDLPIPVITYDTYPKF 98

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 470 VSAAKSDNLDYRLGAIHSLVYKLPEKNREMLELLIKHLVNVCEHSKENLMTPSNMGVIFGPTLMRA-QEDTVAAMMNIKF 548
Cdd:cd04372   99 IDAAKISNPDERLEAVHEALMLLPPAHYETLRYLMEHLKRVTLHEKDNKMNAENLGIVFGPTLMRPpEDSALTTLNDMRY 178

                        170
                 ....*....|.
gi 157822683 549 QNIVVEILIEH 559
Cdd:cd04372  179 QILIVQLLITN 189

RhoGAP_ARAP: RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP] for Rho-like small GTPases) domain present in ARAPs. ARAPs (also known as centaurin deltas) contain, besides the RhoGAP domain, an Arf GAP, ankyrin repeat ras-associating, and PH domains. Since their ArfGAP activity is PIP3-dependent, ARAPs are considered integration points for phosphoinositide, Arf and Rho signaling. Small GTPases cluster into distinct families, and all act as molecular switches, active in their GTP-bound form but inactive when GDP-bound. The Rho family of GTPases activates effectors involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including regulation of cytoskeleton formation, cell proliferation and the JNK signaling pathway. GTPases generally have a low intrinsic GTPase hydrolytic activity but there are family-specific groups of GAPs that enhance the rate of GTP hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 390 VRKCINFIETKGIKTEGLYRTVGSNIQVQKLLNAFfdPKCPGDVDFYNSDWDIKTITSSLKFYLRNLSEPVMTYKLHKEL 469
Cdd:cd04385   19 VDKCIDFITQHGLMSEGIYRKNGKNSSVKKLLEAF--RKDARSVQLREGEYTVHDVADVLKRFLRDLPDPLLTSELHAEW 96

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 470 VSAAKSDNLDYRLGAIHSLVYKLPEKNREMLELLIKHLVNVCEHSKENLMTPSNMGVIFGPTLMRAQEDTVA-AMMNIKf 548
Cdd:cd04385   97 IEAAELENKDERIARYKELIRRLPPINRATLKVLIGHLYRVQKHSDENQMSVHNLALVFGPTLFQTDEHSVGqTSHEVK- 175

                        170
                 ....*....|..
gi 157822683 549 qniVVEILIEHF 560
Cdd:cd04385  176 ---VIEDLIDNY 184

RhoGAP_GMIP_PARG1: RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP] for Rho-like small GTPases) domain of GMIP (Gem interacting protein) and PARG1 (PTPL1-associated RhoGAP1). GMIP plays important roles in neurite growth and axonal guidance, and interacts with Gem, a member of the RGK subfamily of the Ras small GTPase superfamily, through the N-terminal half of the protein. GMIP contains a C-terminal RhoGAP domain. GMIP inhibits RhoA function, but is inactive towards Rac1 and Cdc41. PARG1 interacts with Rap2, also a member of the Ras small GTPase superfamily whose exact function is unknown, and shows strong preference for Rho. Small GTPases cluster into distinct families, and all act as molecular switches, active in their GTP-bound form but inactive when GDP-bound. The Rho family of GTPases activates effectors involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including regulation of cytoskeleton formation, cell proliferation and the JNK signaling pathway. GTPases generally have a low intrinsic GTPase hydrolytic activity but there are family-specific groups of GAPs that enhance the rate of GTP hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 384 EVGFkFVRKCINFIETKGIKTEGLYRTVGSNIQVQKLLNAFFDPKCPGDV-DFYNSDwdiktITSSLKFYLRNLSEPVMT 462
Cdd:cd04378   15 EVPF-IIKKCTSEIENRALGVQGIYRVSGSKARVEKLCQAFENGKDLVELsELSPHD-----ISSVLKLFLRQLPEPLIL 88

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 463 YKLHKELVSAAKS----DNLDYRLG-------AIHS---LVYKLPEKNREMLELLIKHLVNVCEHSKENLMTPSNMGVIF 528
Cdd:cd04378   89 FRLYNDFIALAKEiqrdTEEDKAPNtpievnrIIRKlkdLLRQLPASNYNTLQHLIAHLYRVAEQFEENKMSPNNLGIVF 168

                        170       180       190
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 157822683 529 GPTLMR----AQEDTVAAMMNIKFQNIVVEILIEH 559
Cdd:cd04378  169 GPTLIRprpgDADVSLSSLVDYGYQARLVEFLITN 203

RhoGAP_MgcRacGAP: RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP] for Rho-like small GTPases) domain present in MgcRacGAP proteins. MgcRacGAP plays an important dual role in cytokinesis: i) it is part of centralspindlin-complex, together with the mitotic kinesin MKLP1, which is critical for the structure of the central spindle by promoting microtuble bundling. ii) after phosphorylation by aurora B MgcRacGAP becomes an effective regulator of RhoA and plays an important role in the assembly of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis. MgcRacGAP-like proteins contain a N-terminal C1-like domain, and a C-terminal RhoGAP domain. Small GTPases cluster into distinct families, and all act as molecular switches, active in their GTP-bound form but inactive when GDP-bound. The Rho family of GTPases activates effectors involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including regulation of cytoskeleton formation, cell proliferation and the JNK signaling pathway. GTPases generally have a low intrinsic GTPase hydrolytic activity but there are family-specific groups of GAPs that enhance the rate of GTP hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 389 FVRKCINFIETKGIKTEGLYRTVGSNIQVQKLLNAFFDPKCPGDVdfynSDWDIKTITSSLKFYLRNLSEPVMTYKLHKE 468
Cdd:cd04382   20 LIVHCVNEIEARGLTEEGLYRVSGSEREVKALKEKFLRGKTVPNL----SKVDIHVICGCLKDFLRSLKEPLITFALWKE 95

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 469 LVSAAK-SDNLDYRLgAIHSLVYKLPEKNREMLELLIKHLVNVCEhSKENLMTPSNMGVIFGPTLM---RAQEDTVAAMM 544
Cdd:cd04382   96 FMEAAEiLDEDNSRA-ALYQAISELPQPNRDTLAFLILHLQRVAQ-SPECKMDINNLARVFGPTIVgysVPNPDPMTILQ 173

                        170
                 ....*....|....
gi 157822683 545 NIKFQNIVVEILIE 558
Cdd:cd04382  174 DTVRQPRVVERLLE 187

RhoGAP_p190: RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP] for Rho-like small GTPases) domain of p190-like proteins. p190, also named RhoGAP5, plays a role in neuritogenesis and axon branch stability. p190 shows a preference for Rho, over Rac and Cdc42, and consists of an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal GAP domain. The central portion of p190 contains important regulatory phosphorylation sites. Small GTPases cluster into distinct families, and all act as molecular switches, active in their GTP-bound form but inactive when GDP-bound. The Rho family of GTPases activates effectors involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including regulation of cytoskeleton formation, cell proliferation and the JNK signaling pathway. GTPases generally have a low intrinsic GTPase hydrolytic activity but there are family-specific groups of GAPs that enhance the rate of GTP hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 389 FVRKCINFIETKGIKTEGLYRTVGSNIQVQKLLNAFFDPkcpGDVDFYNSDWDIKTITSSLKFYLRNLSEPVMTYKLHKE 468
Cdd:cd04373   18 FLEKCVEFIEATGLETEGIYRVSGNKTHLDSLQKQFDQD---HNLDLVSKDFTVNAVAGALKSFFSELPDPLIPYSMHLE 94

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 469 LVSAAKSDNLDYRLGAIHSLVYKLPEKNREMLELLIKHLVNVCEHSKENLMTPSNMGVIFGPTLMRAQEDTVAAMMNIKF 548
Cdd:cd04373   95 LVEAAKINDREQRLHALKELLKKFPPENFDVFKYVITHLNKVSQNSKVNLMTSENLSICFWPTLMRPDFTSMEALSATRI 174

                 ....*....
gi 157822683 549 QNIVVEILI 557
Cdd:cd04373  175 YQTIIETFI 183

RhoGAP_CdGAP: RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP] for Rho-like small GTPases) domain of CdGAP-like proteins; CdGAP contains an N-terminal RhoGAP domain and a C-terminal proline-rich region, and it is active on both Cdc42 and Rac1 but not RhoA. CdGAP is recruited to focal adhesions via the interaction with the scaffold protein actopaxin (alpha-parvin). Small GTPases cluster into distinct families, and all act as molecular switches, active in their GTP-bound form but inactive when GDP-bound. The Rho family of GTPases activates effectors involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including regulation of cytoskeleton formation, cell proliferation and the JNK signaling pathway. GTPases generally have a low intrinsic GTPase hydrolytic activity but there are family-specific groups of GAPs that enhance the rate of GTP hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 386 GFKF---VRKCINFIETKGIkTEGLYRTVGSNIQVQKLLNAFFDPKCPgDVDFYNSDWDIKTITSSLKFYLRNLSEPVMT 462
Cdd:cd04384   15 GQDVpqvLKSCTEFIEKHGI-VDGIYRLSGIASNIQRLRHEFDSEQIP-DLTKDVYIQDIHSVSSLCKLYFRELPNPLLT 92

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 463 YKLHKELVSAAKSDNLDYRLGAIHSLVYKLPEKNREMLELLIKHLVNVCEHSKENLMTPSNMGVIFGPTLMRAQE----- 537
Cdd:cd04384   93 YQLYEKFSEAVSAASDEERLEKIHDVIQQLPPPHYRTLEFLMRHLSRLAKYCSITNMHAKNLAIVWAPNLLRSKQiesac 172

                        170       180
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 157822683 538 -DTVAAMMNIKFQNIVVEILIEH 559
Cdd:cd04384  173 fSGTAAFMEVRIQSVVVEFILNH 195

RhoGAP_GMIP: RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP] for Rho-like small GTPases) domain of GMIP (Gem interacting protein). GMIP plays important roles in neurite growth and axonal guidance, and interacts with Gem, a member of the RGK subfamily of the Ras small GTPase superfamily, through the N-terminal half of the protein. GMIP contains a C-terminal RhoGAP domain. GMIP inhibits RhoA function, but is inactive towards Rac1 and Cdc41. Small GTPases cluster into distinct families, and all act as molecular switches, active in their GTP-bound form but inactive when GDP-bound. The Rho family of GTPases activates effectors involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including regulation of cytoskeleton formation, cell proliferation and the JNK signaling pathway. GTPases generally have a low intrinsic GTPase hydrolytic activity but there are family-specific groups of GAPs that enhance the rate of GTP hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 384 EVGFkFVRKCINFIETKGIKTEGLYRTVGSNIQVQKLLNAFFDPKCPGDVdfynSDWDIKTITSSLKFYLRNLSEPVMTY 463
Cdd:cd04408   15 EVPF-VVVRCTAEIENRALGVQGIYRISGSKARVEKLCQAFENGRDLVDL----SGHSPHDITSVLKHFLKELPEPVLPF 89

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 157822683 464 KLHKELVSAAKS---------DNLDYRLGAIHS---LVYKLPEKNREMLELLIKHLVNVCEHSKENLMTPSNMGVIFGPT 531
Cdd:cd04408   90 QLYDDFIALAKElqrdsekaaESPSIVENIIRSlkeLLGRLPVSNYNTLRHLMAHLYRVAERFEDNKMSPNNLGIVFGPT 169

                        170       180       190
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 157822683 532 LMR---AQEDTVAAMMNIKFQNIVVEILIEH 559
Cdd:cd04408  170 LLRplvGGDVSMICLLDTGYQAQLVEFLISN 200

RhoGAP_myosin_IXB: RhoGAP (GTPase-activator protein [GAP] for Rho-like small GTPases) domain present in myosins IXB. Class IX myosins contain a characteristic head domain, a neck domain and a tail domain which contains a C6H2-zinc binding motif and a Rho-GAP domain. Class IX myosins are single-headed, processive myosins that are partly cytoplasmic, and partly associated with membranes and the actin cytoskeleton. Class IX myosins are implicated in the regulation of neuronal morphogenesis and function of sensory systems, like the inner ear. There are two major isoforms, myosin IXA and IXB with several splice variants, which are both expressed in developing neurons Small GTPases cluster into distinct families, and all act as molecular switches, active in their GTP-bound form but inactive when GDP-bound. The Rho family of GTPases activates effectors involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including regulation of cytoskeleton formation, cell proliferation and the JNK signaling pathway. GTPases generally have a low intrinsic GTPase hydrolytic activity but there are family-specific groups of GAPs that enhance the rate of GTP hydrolysis by several orders of magnitude.