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    DDIT3 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1649, updated on 4-Jan-2025

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    DDIT3provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    DNA damage inducible transcript 3provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:2726
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000175197 MIM:126337; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2726
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    CHOP; CEBPZ; CHOP10; CHOP-10; GADD153; AltDDIT3; C/EBPzeta
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. The protein functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor by forming heterodimers with other C/EBP members, such as C/EBP and LAP (liver activator protein), and preventing their DNA binding activity. The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes apoptosis. Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in myxoid liposarcomas or Ewing sarcoma. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two isoforms with different length have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]
    Annotation information
    Note: CEBPZ (Gene ID: 10153) and DDIT3 (Gene ID: 1649) share the CEBPZ symbol/alias. CEBPZ is a widely used alternative name for DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), which can be confused with the official symbol for CEBPZ (CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta, GeneID: 10153). [12 Nov 2020]
    Expression
    Broad expression in thyroid (RPKM 74.2), bone marrow (RPKM 47.3) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

    See DDIT3 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    12q13.3
    Exon count:
    4
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 12 NC_000012.12 (57516588..57520517, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 12 NC_060936.1 (57484816..57488745, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 12 NC_000012.11 (57910371..57914300, complement)

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene methionyl-tRNA synthetase 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903093 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC128125814 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:57913133-57914094 Neighboring gene microRNA 6758 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr12:57914069-57915268 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:57916016-57916975 Neighboring gene microRNA 616 Neighboring gene methyl-CpG binding domain protein 6 Neighboring gene dynactin subunit 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6548 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4584 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr12:57944162-57944754 Neighboring gene kinesin family member 5A Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr12:57955995-57956161 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr12:57956855-57957072

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 Env gp120 upregulates DDIT3 (CHOP) in SVGA cells and human fetal astrocytes via IRE1a, JNK, and AP-1 PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response proteins CASP12 (Caspase 12), DDIT3 (CHOP), ROS1, ERN-1 (p-IRE1), EIF2AK3 (p-PERK), and ATF6 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat is dependent on DDIT3 (CHOP) to induce apoptosis in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMECs) as shown through DDIT3 siRNA knockdown PubMed
    tat Expression of Rad51 enhances basal- and HIV-1 Tat-induced transcription of the HIV-1 LTR promoter; this event requires cooperativity from the C/EBP family of transcription factors including C/EBPbeta and C/EBPbeta homologous protein (CHOP) PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    General gene information

    Clone Names

    • MGC4154

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific  
    enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific  
    enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding  
    enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding PubMed 
    enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding PubMed 
    enables cAMP response element binding protein binding PubMed 
    enables cAMP response element binding protein binding  
    enables identical protein binding PubMed 
    enables leucine zipper domain binding PubMed 
    enables protein binding PubMed 
    enables protein heterodimerization activity  
    enables protein heterodimerization activity PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity PubMed 
    enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding PubMed 
    enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding PubMed 
    enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding  
    enables transcription corepressor activity PubMed 
    enables transcription corepressor activity PubMed 
    enables transcription regulator activator activity  
    enables transcription regulator inhibitor activity  
    Items 1 - 25 of 62
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response PubMed 
    involved_in DNA damage response PubMed 
    involved_in ER overload response  
    involved_in HRI-mediated signaling PubMed 
    involved_in PERK-mediated unfolded protein response PubMed 
    involved_in Wnt signaling pathway  
    involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification PubMed 
    involved_in artery development  
    involved_in blood vessel maturation  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell redox homeostasis PubMed 
    involved_in endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response  
    involved_in establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion  
    involved_in gene expression  
    involved_in integrated stress response signaling PubMed 
    involved_in integrated stress response signaling PubMed 
    involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress  
    involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PubMed 
    involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PubMed 
    involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PubMed 
    involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress  
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of determination of dorsal identity PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of fat cell differentiation  
    acts_upstream_of negative regulation of interleukin-17 production PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of negative regulation of interleukin-4 production PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of myoblast differentiation  
    involved_in negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  
    acts_upstream_of negative regulation of type II interferon production PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-8 production PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process  
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  
    involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of autophagy  
    involved_in regulation of cell cycle  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II PubMed 
    involved_in release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol  
    involved_in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PubMed 
    involved_in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PubMed 
    involved_in response to platelet-derived growth factor  
    involved_in response to starvation  
    involved_in response to unfolded protein PubMed 
    involved_in response to wounding  
    involved_in sensory perception of sound  
    involved_in vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration  
    involved_in vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation  
    Items 1 - 25 of 62
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of CHOP-ATF3 complex  
    part_of CHOP-ATF3 complex PubMed 
    part_of CHOP-ATF4 complex  
    part_of CHOP-ATF4 complex PubMed 
    part_of CHOP-ATF4 complex PubMed 
    part_of CHOP-C/EBP complex  
    part_of CHOP-C/EBP complex PubMed 
    part_of CHOP-C/EBP complex  
    part_of CHOP-C/EBP complex PubMed 
    part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex PubMed 
    located_in chromatin  
    is_active_in cytoplasm  
    located_in cytoplasm PubMed 
    located_in cytosol PubMed 
    located_in late endosome  
    located_in nucleus PubMed 
    located_in nucleus PubMed 
    part_of protein-DNA complex PubMed 
    part_of transcription regulator complex PubMed 

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein
    Names
    C/EBP zeta
    CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein
    alternative DDIT3 protein
    c/EBP-homologous protein 10
    growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD153

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_027674.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5004..8925
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001195053.1 → NP_001181982.1  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001181982.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AY461580, BM464290
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55838.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P35638
      Related
      ENSP00000448665.1, ENST00000551116.5
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00338
      Location:119 → 182
      BRLZ; basic region leucin zipper
      cd14686
      Location:122 → 176
      bZIP; coiled coil [structural motif]
    2. NM_001195054.1 → NP_001181983.1  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001181983.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an internal segment in the 5' UTR, as compared to variant 1. Variants 1-4 encode the same isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY461580, BM464290, BU664077
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55838.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P35638
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00338
      Location:119 → 182
      BRLZ; basic region leucin zipper
      cd14686
      Location:122 → 176
      bZIP; coiled coil [structural motif]
    3. NM_001195055.1 → NP_001181984.1  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001181984.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an internal segment in the 5' UTR, as compared to variant 1. Variants 1-4 encode the same isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA054097, AY461580, BM464290
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55838.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P35638
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00338
      Location:119 → 182
      BRLZ; basic region leucin zipper
      cd14686
      Location:122 → 176
      bZIP; coiled coil [structural motif]
    4. NM_001195056.1 → NP_001181985.1  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001181985.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) has an additional segment in the 5' UTR, as compared to variant 1. Variants 1-4 encode the same isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK316581, AY461580, BM464290
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS55838.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q53YD1
      Related
      ENSP00000447803.1, ENST00000552740.5
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00338
      Location:119 → 182
      BRLZ; basic region leucin zipper
      cd14686
      Location:122 → 176
      bZIP; coiled coil [structural motif]
    5. NM_001195057.1 → NP_001181986.1  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001181986.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an internal segment in the 5' region, resulting in a downstream AUG start codon, as compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus, as compared to isoform 1. Variants 5-8 all encode the same isoform (2).
      Source sequence(s)
      AY461580, BM464290, CN482428
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS8943.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      F8VS99, P35638
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q53YD1
      Related
      ENSP00000447188.1, ENST00000547303.5
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00338
      Location:96 → 159
      BRLZ; basic region leucin zipper
      cd14686
      Location:102 → 153
      bZIP; coiled coil [structural motif]
      pfam02724
      Location:17 → 125
      CDC45; CDC45-like protein
    6. NM_001413641.1 → NP_001400570.1  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC022506
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      F8VS99, P35638
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q53YD1
    7. NM_001413642.1 → NP_001400571.1  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC022506
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      F8VS99, P35638
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q53YD1
    8. NM_004083.6 → NP_004074.2  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004074.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an internal segment in the 5' region, resulting in a downstream AUG start codon, as compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus, as compared to isoform 1. Variants 5-8 all encode the same isoform (2).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC022506
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS8943.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      F8VS99, P35638
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q53YD1
      Related
      ENSP00000340671.3, ENST00000346473.8
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00338
      Location:96 → 159
      BRLZ; basic region leucin zipper
      cd14686
      Location:102 → 153
      bZIP; coiled coil [structural motif]
      pfam02724
      Location:17 → 125
      CDC45; CDC45-like protein

    RNA

    1. NR_182182.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC022506

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      57516588..57520517 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060936.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      57484816..57488745 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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