Ins2 insulin 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Symbol: Ins2provided by RGD
Full Name: insulin 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2916
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000020405 AllianceGenome:RGD:2916
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: CP-II
Summary: Predicted to enable several functions, including identical protein binding activity; signaling receptor binding activity; and zinc ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including positive regulation of signal transduction; regulation of primary metabolic process; and regulation of protein localization. Predicted to act upstream of with a positive effect on receptor internalization. Predicted to act upstream of or within several processes, including intracellular signal transduction; positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction; and positive regulation of phosphorylation. Located in extracellular space and secretory granule. Used to study hypertension. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in diabetic retinopathy; glucose metabolism disease (multiple); insulinoma; and pancreatic cancer. Orthologous to human INS (insulin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 64.3), Liver (RPKM 16.5) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1q41

Exon count:: 39

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	1	NC_086019.1 (207272738..207421998, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	1	NC_051336.1 (197843277..197992522, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	1	NC_005100.4 (215856967..215858034, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_086019.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

RyR2/IRBIT regulates insulin gene transcript, insulin content, and secretion in the insulinoma cell line INS-1.
Title: RyR2/IRBIT regulates insulin gene transcript, insulin content, and secretion in the insulinoma cell line INS-1.
Disruption of insulin receptor substrate-2 impairs growth but not insulin function in rats.
Title: Disruption of insulin receptor substrate-2 impairs growth but not insulin function in rats.
Deletion of the insulin promoter region revealed that nucleotide positions - 238 to - 144 (relative to the transcriptional start site) were needed for ER repression of the rat insulin II gene.
Title: Repression of insulin gene transcription by indirect genomic signaling via the estrogen receptor in pancreatic beta cells.
Expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of pancreatic islets.
Title: Ghrelin doesn't limit insulin release in pregnant rats fed low protein diet.
Data show that quercetin acutely stimulates insulin release, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of INS-1 beta cells.
Title: Quercetin Stimulates Insulin Secretion and Reduces the Viability of Rat INS-1 Beta-Cells.
C-peptide has the potential to act, conditionally, as an antilipolytic hormone by activating phosphodiesterase-3B.
Title: Proinsulin C-peptide inhibits lipolysis in diabetic rat adipose tissue through phosphodiestrase-3B enzyme.
Data suggest that rosuvastatin has the potential to increase basal insulin secretion and reduce glucose-induced insulin secretion.
Title: Rosuvastatin Treatment Affects Both Basal and Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in INS-1 832/13 Cells.
Data indicate that miR-183 was decreased and Foxo1 was upregulated during conversion of dental pulp cells (DPCs) to insulin-producing cells.
Title: Regulation of miRNA during direct reprogramming of dental pulp cells to insulin-producing cells.
Beta-cell proliferation increased in animals on tacrolimus while Ins2 gene expression remained unaltered.
Title: The higher diabetogenic risk of tacrolimus depends on pre-existing insulin resistance. A study in obese and lean Zucker rats.
Testosterone promoted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and enhance PDX1 and glut2 mRNA expression.
Title: [Positive and negative feedback regulation in the production and secretion of insulin from INS-1 cells by testosterone. ].

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:158734

PMC24644P6 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:265494

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:265494

PMC123023P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270422

PMC123023P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270424

UniSTS:462687 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:462687

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:462687

PMC21231P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272021

PMC21334P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272036

PMC153767P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271272

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:256685

D1Bda44 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:239791

AA986540 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:179680

RH94798 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:120045

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143598

RH94799 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:120046

Ins2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143600

UniSTS:267003 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:267003

Ins1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:267003

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables insulin receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables insulin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protease binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables zinc ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables zinc ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in ER overload response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within ER overload response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in activation of protein kinase B activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in acute-phase response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in alpha-beta T cell activation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in biological_process	ND No biological Data available more info
involved_in fatty acid homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glucose homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glycoprotein biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in insulin processing	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in insulin processing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lactate biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lipid biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lipid catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within lipid catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lipoprotein biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in myoblast fusion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within myoblast fusion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within myotube differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of acute inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of feeding behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of proteolysis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuron projection maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of D-glucose import	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA replication	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glucose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glycolytic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of lipid kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein secretion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of respiratory burst	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein hexamerization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in receptor internalization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_positive_effect receptor internalization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of amino acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of protein localization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of protein secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of transmembrane transporter activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vasodilation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in wound healing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in secretory granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in secretory granule	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in secretory granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of sno(s)RNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of sno(s)RNA-containing ribonucleoprotein complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: insulin-2

Names: C-peptide

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_019130.2 → NP_062003.1 insulin-2 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_062003.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

BP467629, BP472188, BP485158

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P01323

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HY81, A6JHT1

Related

ENSRNOP00000027656.1, ENSRNOT00000027656.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd04367
Location:26 → 110

IlGF_insulin_like; IlGF_like family, insulin_like subgroup, specific to vertebrates. Members include a number of peptides including insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II, which play a variety of roles in controlling processes such as metabolism, growth and ...