Per2 period circadian regulator 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Per2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: period circadian regulator 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:61945
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000020254 AllianceGenome:RGD:61945
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: rPER2
Summary: This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by Clock/Arntl heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using Per/Cry heterodimers to interact with Clock/Arntl. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers and have been linked to sleep disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in Adrenal (RPKM 44.0), Kidney (RPKM 41.6) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9q36

Exon count:: 26

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	9	NC_086027.1 (99454828..99497069, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	9	NC_051344.1 (92007289..92049551, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	9	NC_005108.4 (98555154..98597362, complement)

Chromosome 9 - NC_086027.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pers reverse angiotensin II -induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting cyclin E expression via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
Title: Pers reverse angiotensin II -induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting cyclin E expression via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.
Depression-like behavior is associated with lower Per2 mRNA expression in the lateral habenula of rats.
Title: Depression-like behavior is associated with lower Per2 mRNA expression in the lateral habenula of rats.
Alcohol suppresses cardiovascular diurnal variations in male normotensive rats: Role of reduced PER2 expression and CYP2E1 hyperactivity in the heart.
Title: Alcohol suppresses cardiovascular diurnal variations in male normotensive rats: Role of reduced PER2 expression and CYP2E1 hyperactivity in the heart.
Period 2-Induced Activation of Autophagy Improves Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.
Title: Period 2-Induced Activation of Autophagy Improves Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.
This study demonstrated that optimal auditory conditioned fear extinction learning is reliant on the presence of normal per2 gene expression in the vmPFC as well as the presence of both circadian and training-associated elevations of glucocorticoid hormone
Title: Coordination between Prefrontal Cortex Clock Gene Expression and Corticosterone Contributes to Enhanced Conditioned Fear Extinction Recall.
Per2 mRNA also showed a significant main effect of stress, and a significant stress x sex interaction in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
Title: Adrenal-dependent and -independent stress-induced Per1 mRNA in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and prefrontal cortex of male and female rats.
The model efficiently described the synchronous rhythmicity of core-clock genes and further predicted that their phases are mainly regulated by Per2 and Cry1 transcriptional delays and Rev-Erba and Cry1 degradation rates.
Title: Modeling circadian variability of core-clock and clock-controlled genes in four tissues of the rat.
Report altered expression pattern of clock genes, Per1, Per2 and Bmal1, in sub-oscillators of the rat brain and in the liver in rat model of depression.
Title: Altered Expression Pattern of Clock Genes in a Rat Model of Depression.
Study demonstrates that transcriptional activation of Per1 and Per2 via E-box enhancer sequences is necessary for the temporally specific phase shifts induced by melatonin at circadian time 10. These findings support a link between melatonin-induced signal transduction pathways activating necessary Per1 and Per2 transcription and clock resetting in the suprachiasmatic nucleus by melatonin at dusk.
Title: Melatonin Signal Transduction Pathways Require E-Box-Mediated Transcription of Per1 and Per2 to Reset the SCN Clock at Dusk.
Mapping the co-localization of the circadian proteins PER2 and BMAL1 with enkephalin and substance P throughout the rat forebrain has been reported.
Title: Mapping the co-localization of the circadian proteins PER2 and BMAL1 with enkephalin and substance P throughout the rodent forebrain.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (72)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

BI276674 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:249888

AW524487 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:244586

PMC124275P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270459

Per2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547572

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables RNA polymerase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone deacetylase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone methyltransferase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables kinase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables nuclear receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables pre-mRNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables transcription coactivator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transcription coactivator activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables transcription corepressor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables transcription corepressor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chromatin remodeling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in chromatin remodeling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within circadian rhythm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in fatty acid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in fatty acid metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in gluconeogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in gluconeogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in lactate biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lactate biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of circadian rhythm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of circadian rhythm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of termination of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neural retina development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of neurogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of neurogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of vasoconstriction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of vasoconstriction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to ischemia	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to ischemia	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in white fat cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in white fat cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of Cry-Per complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: period circadian protein homolog 2

Names: circadian clock protein PERIOD 2; period circadian clock 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_031678.2 → NP_113866.1 period circadian protein homolog 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_113866.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000009

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9Z301

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5Y7B9, A6JQS5

Related

ENSRNOP00000027507.4, ENSRNOT00000027506.7

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00130
Location:331 → 432

PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...

pfam08447
Location:344 → 428

PAS_3; PAS fold

pfam12114
Location:1040 → 1234

Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086027.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

99454828..99497069 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_017596618.3 → XP_017452107.1 period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9Z301

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5Y7B9, A6JQS5

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00130
Location:331 → 432

PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...

pfam08447
Location:344 → 428

PAS_3; PAS fold

pfam12114
Location:1040 → 1234

Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region
XM_006245476.5 → XP_006245538.1 period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006245538.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9Z301

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5Y7B9, A6JQS5

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00130
Location:331 → 432

PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...

pfam08447
Location:344 → 428

PAS_3; PAS fold

pfam12114
Location:1040 → 1234

Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region
XM_063267668.1 → XP_063123738.1 period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9Z301

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5Y7B9, A6JQS5
XM_039084160.2 → XP_038940088.1 period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (4) summary

PHA03247
Location:476 → 724

PHA03247; large tegument protein UL36; Provisional

PRK10263
Location:131 → 668

PRK10263; DNA translocase FtsK; Provisional

pfam08447
Location:30 → 114

PAS_3; PAS fold

pfam12114
Location:726 → 920

Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region