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    Tk2 thymidine kinase 2 [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

    Gene ID: 291824, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Tk2provided by RGD
    Official Full Name
    thymidine kinase 2provided by RGD
    Primary source
    RGD:1309279
    See related
    EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000012853 AllianceGenome:RGD:1309279
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
    Summary
    Enables deoxycytidine kinase activity and thymidine kinase activity. Involved in deoxycytidine metabolic process and thymidine metabolic process. Predicted to be active in mitochondrion. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 3 and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 2. Orthologous to human TK2 (thymidine kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Expression
    Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 77.1), Kidney (RPKM 75.9) and 9 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See Tk2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    19p14
    Exon count:
    13
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 19 NC_086037.1 (713043..737345)
    RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 19 NC_051354.1 (708859..731786)
    106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 19 NC_005118.4 (917203..939236)

    Chromosome 19 - NC_086037.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene C-terminal binding protein 2, pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene chemokine-like factor Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S20, pseudogene 7 Neighboring gene brain expressed, associated with NEDD4, 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
    • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
    • BioProject: PRJNA238328
    • Publication: PMID 24510058
    • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Basic biochemical characterization of cytosolic enzymes in thymidine nucleotide synthesis in adult rat tissues: implications for tissue specific mitochondrial DNA depletion and deoxynucleoside-based therapy for TK2-deficiency. Wang L, et al. BMC Mol Cell Biol, 2020 Apr 28. PMID 32345222, Free PMC Article
    2. The kinetic effects on thymidine kinase 2 by enzyme-bound dTTP may explain the mitochondrial side effects of antiviral thymidine analogs. Wang L, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2011 Jun. PMID 21444706, Free PMC Article
    3. Thymidine kinase 2 (H126N) knockin mice show the essential role of balanced deoxynucleotide pools for mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Akman HO, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2008 Aug 15. PMID 18467430, Free PMC Article
    4. Progressive loss of mitochondrial DNA in thymidine kinase 2-deficient mice. Zhou X, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2008 Aug 1. PMID 18434326
    5. Mitochondrial myopathy of childhood associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion and a homozygous mutation (T77M) in the TK2 gene. Mancuso M, et al. Arch Neurol, 2003 Jul. PMID 12873860

    See all (11) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Basic biochemical characterization of cytosolic enzymes in thymidine nucleotide synthesis in adult rat tissues: implications for tissue specific mitochondrial DNA depletion and deoxynucleoside-based therapy for TK2-deficiency.
      Title: Basic biochemical characterization of cytosolic enzymes in thymidine nucleotide synthesis in adult rat tissues: implications for tissue specific mitochondrial DNA depletion and deoxynucleoside-based therapy for TK2-deficiency.
    2. A cytosolic form of TK2 was identified in all tested tissues in addition to mitochondrial TK2. TK1 was detected in liver and spleen cytosolic extracts while dCK was found in liver, spleen and lung cytosolic extracts.
      Title: Tissue specific distribution of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside salvage enzymes shed light on the mechanism of mitochondrial DNA depletion.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables deoxycytidine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables deoxycytidine kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables deoxynucleoside kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables thymidine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables thymidine kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in deoxycytidine metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within mitochondrial DNA metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within mitochondrial DNA replication ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in thymidine metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in mitochondrion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    thymidine kinase 2
    Names
    thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial
    NP_001099636.1
    XP_038953467.1
    XP_063133906.1
    XP_063133907.1
    XP_063133908.1
    XP_063133909.1
    XP_063133910.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001106166.1 → NP_001099636.1  thymidine kinase 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001099636.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      CH474006
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6JXX0, D3ZGQ2
      Related
      ENSRNOP00000017269.4, ENSRNOT00000017269.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam01712
      Location:58 → 265
      dNK; Deoxynucleoside kinase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCr8

    Genomic

    1. NC_086037.1 Reference GRCr8

      Range
      713043..737345
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_063277840.1 → XP_063133910.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X3

    2. XM_063277836.1 → XP_063133906.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X1

    3. XM_063277837.1 → XP_063133907.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X2

    4. XM_063277839.1 → XP_063133909.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X4

    5. XM_039097539.2 → XP_038953467.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X4

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl17190
      Location:58 → 184
      NK; Nucleoside/nucleotide kinase (NK) is a protein superfamily consisting of multiple families of enzymes that share structural similarity and are functionally related to the catalysis of the reversible phosphate group transfer from nucleoside triphosphates ...

    6. XM_063277838.1 → XP_063133908.1  thymidine kinase 2 isoform X3

    RNA

    1. XR_005496623.2 RNA Sequence

    2. XR_010059973.1 RNA Sequence

    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version

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