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Ptn pleiotrophin [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 24924, updated on 9-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol: Ptnprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: pleiotrophinprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3444
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000011946 AllianceGenome:RGD:3444
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: HARP; Hbnf
Summary: Enables several functions, including glycosaminoglycan binding activity; growth factor activity; and syndecan binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; and nervous system development. Located in several cellular components, including cell surface; neuromuscular junction; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Is active in postsynapse and presynapse. Used to study Parkinson's disease. Biomarker of several diseases, including extrahepatic cholestasis; liver cirrhosis; sciatic neuropathy; transient cerebral ischemia; and visual epilepsy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in adrenal carcinoma. Orthologous to human PTN (pleiotrophin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Brain (RPKM 450.0), Uterus (RPKM 135.9) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See Ptn in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 4q22

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (66260764..66342614, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (65293731..65375572, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (64239156..64330996, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

PTN and RPTPbeta/zeta are expressed in spinal deformities caused by mechanical loading, and their expression depends on the type and severity of the applied strain.
Title: Effects of mechanical loading on the expression of pleiotrophin and its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta in a rat spinal deformity model.
Pleiotrophin is a novel genetic factor that plays a role in morphine withdrawal syndrome.
Title: Pleiotrophin modulates morphine withdrawal but has no effects on morphine-conditioned place preference.
We hypothesize a role for these cytokines in mediating, at least in part, acute neuroprotective effects and chronic neurotrophic adaptations that contribute to drug dependence.
Title: Glial activation and midkine and pleiotrophin transcription in the ventral tegmental area are modulated by morphine administration.
These findings provide new insight into the neuroprotective role of PTN
Title: Pleiotrophin promotes microglia proliferation and secretion of neurotrophic factors by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway.
PTN significantly prevented glutamate-induced neurotoxicity of cultured hippocampal neurons.
Title: Effect of pleiotrophin on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons.
(HARP)/pleiotrophin, a cytokine known to regulate developmental chondrocyte formation, were enhanced especially at 4 weeks, without up-regulation of HARP/pleiotrophin mRNA in overuse tendon injury.
Title: Alterations of overused supraspinatus tendon: a possible role of glycosaminoglycans and HARP/pleiotrophin in early tendon pathology.
PTN inhibits hippocampal LTP in vitro and might play a role in memory processes in vivo.
Title: Pleiotrophin inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation: a role of pleiotrophin in learning and memory.
Pleiotrophin prevents cocaine-induced toxicity in vitro.
Title: Pleiotrophin prevents cocaine-induced toxicity in vitro.
pleiotrophin (PTN) and syndecan-2 and -3 as direct binding partners of Y-P30.
Title: The survival-promoting peptide Y-P30 enhances binding of pleiotrophin to syndecan-2 and -3 and supports its neuritogenic activity.
upregulation of PTN, but not MK, could play an important role in the recovery from nerve damage
Title: Different pattern of pleiotrophin and midkine expression in neuropathic pain: correlation between changes in pleiotrophin gene expression and rat strain differences in neuropathic pain.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (23)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH131587 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:214870

AA819154 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:261497

BE116184 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:248449

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables carbohydrate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables chondroitin sulfate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables chondroitin sulfate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables glycosaminoglycan binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables growth factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables heparan sulfate binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparin binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables integrin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables integrin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables molecular function activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein kinase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein phosphatase inhibitor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein phosphatase inhibitor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein phosphatase inhibitor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables proteoglycan binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables syndecan binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables vascular endothelial growth factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in bone mineralization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within bone mineralization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to UV	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to vitamin D	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cerebellum development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in decidualization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in decidualization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in decidualization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in dendrite arborization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in dendrite arborization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in dendrite arborization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in dendrite regeneration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in endothelial cell differentiation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in estrous cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in estrous cycle	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in estrous cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in estrous cycle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in heart development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in hindbrain development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in integrin-mediated signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in integrin-mediated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in integrin-mediated signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in learning	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in learning	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within learning	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in learning	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in learning	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in liver development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in long-term synaptic potentiation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in lung development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in memory	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in memory	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in memory	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of membrane potential	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuromuscular junction development	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in oogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in oogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in oogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within ossification	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in ossification involved in bone remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in ossification involved in bone remodeling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in ossification involved in bone remodeling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of axon regeneration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of bone mineralization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of bone mineralization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of bone mineralization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of dendrite development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of dendrite development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of dendrite development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of ossification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of skeletal muscle acetylcholine-gated channel clustering	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of stem cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of stem cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of stem cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in receptor clustering	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in receptor clustering	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in receptor clustering	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of cell shape	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of endothelial cell migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of hemopoiesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of hemopoiesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of hemopoiesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of myelination	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of myelination	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of myelination	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of stem cell population maintenance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of stem cell population maintenance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of stem cell population maintenance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of synaptic plasticity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of synaptic plasticity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to ciliary neurotrophic factor	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estradiol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to kainic acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nerve growth factor	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to progesterone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in retina development in camera-type eye	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in retinal rod cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in rod bipolar cell differentiation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in spinal cord development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in thalamus development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in tissue regeneration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in tissue regeneration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in tissue regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in basement membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in extracellular region	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuromuscular junction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in postsynapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in presynapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of protein-containing complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of protein-containing complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: pleiotrophin

Names: HB-GAM; HBBM; HBGF-8; OSF-1; Pleiotrophin (Heparine binding factor, Hbnf, in the mouse); heparin affine regulatory peptide; heparin binding factor; heparin-binding brain mitogen; heparin-binding growth factor 8; heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; heparin-binding neurotrophic factor; heparin-binding neutrophic factor; osteoblast-specific factor 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_017066.3 → NP_058762.1 pleiotrophin precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_058762.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000004

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P63090

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IEP8, A6IEQ1

Related

ENSRNOP00000016088.4, ENSRNOT00000016088.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl02505
Location:47 → 131

PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086022.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

66260764..66342614 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_039107077.2 → XP_038963005.1 pleiotrophin isoform X3

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P63090

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IEP8, A6IEQ1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl02505
Location:47 → 131

PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain
XM_017592475.3 → XP_017447964.1 pleiotrophin isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZQE2, A6IEP7, A6IEP9

Related

ENSRNOP00000080308.1, ENSRNOT00000095619.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl02505
Location:62 → 146

PTN_MK_N; PTN/MK heparin-binding protein family, N-terminal domain
XM_063285568.1 → XP_063141638.1 pleiotrophin isoform X1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IEP9

Related

ENSRNOP00000102183.1, ENSRNOT00000140790.1