Cd28 Cd28 molecule [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Cd28provided by RGD
Official Full Name: Cd28 moleculeprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2299
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000010283 AllianceGenome:RGD:2299
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: CD28RNA
Summary: Enables identical protein binding activity. Involved in T cell costimulation. Predicted to be located in cell surface and immunological synapse. Predicted to be part of protein complex involved in cell adhesion. Predicted to be active in external side of plasma membrane. Used to study lymphopenia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human CD28 (CD28 molecule). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Thymus (RPKM 209.4), Spleen (RPKM 42.9) and 4 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9q32

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	9	NC_086027.1 (69660316..69689192)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	9	NC_051344.1 (62166324..62194674)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	9	NC_005108.4 (67546408..67573858)

Chromosome 9 - NC_086027.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

this study identified two crucial immune-related molecules-CD28 and NFATc1, as putative targets of miR-145 in human and experimental myasthenia gravis
Title: Identification of novel MicroRNA signatures linked to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis pathogenesis: down-regulated miR-145 promotes pathogenetic Th17 cell response.
CD28 superagonist antibody treatment attenuated obliterative bronchiolitis in rat allo-orthotopic tracheal transplantation by preferentially expanding Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells.
Title: CD28 superagonist antibody treatment attenuated obliterative bronchiolitis in rat allo-orthotopic tracheal transplantation by preferentially expanding Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells.
Data demonstrate that the superagonistic monoclonal antibody for CD28, JJ316, preferentially expanded Treg cells.
Title: A superagonistic monoclonal antibody for CD28 ameliorates crescentic glomerulonephritis in wistar-kyoto rats.
Data show several homologies across human, rat and mouse in the kinetic of loss of several LAgs such as CD5, CD4 and CD28.
Title: Loss of surface antigens is a conserved feature of apoptotic lymphocytes from several mammalian species.
Tongbi Mixture 2 can inhibit T lymphocytes through down-regulating the expressions of CD28 and CD152.
Title: [Effects of Tongbi Mixture 2 on expressions of CD28 and CD152 and content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in peripheral blood in rats with collagen-induced arthritis].
CD2/CD28 costimulation is the strongest T cell stimulus in vivo in rat lamina propria.
Title: In vivo proliferation of rat lamina propria T lymphocytes: general hyporesponsiveness but increased importance of the CD2 and CD28 pathways.
CD28 antibody induces donor-specific tolerance in rat renal allografts
Title: Superagonistic CD28 antibody induces donor-specific tolerance in rat renal allografts.
Targeting the CD28 antigen with a blocking antibody leads to long-term allograft survival by reducing activation of alloantigen-mediated key signaling events in T cells that might be crucial for full T cell activation.
Title: A blocking anti-CD28-specific antibody induces long-term heart allograft survival by suppression of the PKC theta-JNK signal pathway.
CD28 superagonists elicit 2 qualitatively distinct waves of activation
Title: A CD28 superagonistic antibody elicits 2 functionally distinct waves of T cell activation in rats.
CD28 negative T suppressor cells protect allogenic recipients from acute rejection in rats liver transplantation.
Title: The protective effect of CD8+CD28- T suppressor cells on the acute rejection responses in rat liver transplantation.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (15)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables coreceptor activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in T cell activation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in T cell activation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in T cell costimulation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in T cell costimulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within T cell costimulation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of T cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in T cell receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within T cell receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative thymic T cell selection	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of T cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-2 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of interleukin-2 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-2 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-2 production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-4 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-4 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-4 production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of T cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulatory T cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulatory T cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in external side of plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in external side of plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in external side of plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in immunological synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of protein complex involved in cell adhesion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of protein complex involved in cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28

Names: CD28 antigen

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_013121.2 → NP_037253.2 T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 precursor

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000009

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P31042

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IPD4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00096
Location:22 → 26

Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]

cl11960
Location:22 → 138

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain