Prok2 prokineticin 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Prok2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: prokineticin 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:620280
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000010898 AllianceGenome:RGD:620280
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Bv8; PK2
Summary: Enables G protein-coupled receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including angiogenesis; endothelial cell proliferation; and positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Predicted to act upstream of or within circadian rhythm. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 4 with or without anosmia. Orthologous to human PROK2 (prokineticin 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Testes (RPKM 59.2), Spleen (RPKM 8.6) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q34

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (133903210..133918126, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (132346681..132361754, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (132157556..132171244, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Prokineticin-2 Participates in Chronic Constriction Injury-Triggered Neuropathic Pain and Anxiety via Regulated by NF-kappaB in Nucleus Accumbens Shell in Rats.
Title: Prokineticin-2 Participates in Chronic Constriction Injury-Triggered Neuropathic Pain and Anxiety via Regulated by NF-κB in Nucleus Accumbens Shell in Rats.
Roles of prokineticin 2 in electroconvulsive shock-induced memory impairment via regulation of phenotype polarization in astrocytes.
Title: Roles of prokineticin 2 in electroconvulsive shock-induced memory impairment via regulation of phenotype polarization in astrocytes.
Prokineticin 2 overexpression induces spermatocyte apoptosis in varicocele in rats.
Title: Prokineticin 2 overexpression induces spermatocyte apoptosis in varicocele in rats.
Roles of Prokineticin 2 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Early Brain Injury via Regulation of Phenotype Polarization in Astrocytes.
Title: Roles of Prokineticin 2 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Early Brain Injury via Regulation of Phenotype Polarization in Astrocytes.
Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway by Prokineticin 2 in Testicular Macrophages of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli- Induced Orchitis.
Title: Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway by Prokineticin 2 in Testicular Macrophages of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli- Induced Orchitis.
Prokineticin 2 relieves hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury through activation of Akt/mTOR pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
Title: Prokineticin 2 relieves hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury through activation of Akt/mTOR pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
We demonstrated a significant upregulation of PROK2 levels in brain tissues of Abeta1-42 i.c.v. injected rats, transgenic AD mice (Tg2576), and in the hippocampus of AD patients. Additionally, through a pilot study, an approximate twofold increase of PROK2 levels has been proved in the serum of AD patients, compared to the control subjects, identifying a potential blood-based biomarker of the disease.
Title: Involvement of the Chemokine Prokineticin-2 (PROK2) in Alzheimer's Disease: From Animal Models to the Human Pathology.
PK2 interference may represent a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of orchitis.
Title: Effects of prokineticin 2 on testicular inflammation in rats.
Given one of the cognate receptors of prokineticin 2, prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) was significantly upregulated in orchitis as discussed in the current study, it is very likely that PK2/PKR1 signaling contribute to the development of inflammation-related testicular diseases.
Title: Involvement of Prokineticin 2 and Prokineticin Receptor 1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Testitis in Rats.
PROK2 plays a role in cerebral amyloidosis and that PROK2 antagonists may represent a new approach for ameliorating the defining pathology of AD.
Title: Bv8/prokineticin 2 is involved in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (23)

General gene information

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Markers

Prok2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:528633

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within circadian rhythm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in endothelial cell proliferation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in spermatogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: prokineticin-2

Names: homolog of mouse Bv8 (Bombina variegata 8 kDa); homolog of mouse Bv8 (Bombina variegata 8 kDa); prokineticin 2; prokineticin 2 beta

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.