Cycs cytochrome c, somatic [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Cycsprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: cytochrome c, somaticprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2451
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000010452 AllianceGenome:RGD:2451
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: CYCSA
Summary: Enables enzyme binding activity. Involved in several processes, including mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen; negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process; and response to ischemia. Located in cytosol. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in cholangiocarcinoma; lung non-small cell carcinoma; pancreatic cancer; and thrombocytopenia. Orthologous to human CYCS (cytochrome c, somatic). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Heart (RPKM 7354.2), Muscle (RPKM 5489.5) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q24

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (80982667..80984767, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (79651894..79653994, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (80331226..80333326, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Hepatoprotective effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib against cyclosporine-A induced liver injury in rats through blocking the Bax/Cytochrome C/caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway.
Title: Hepatoprotective effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib against cyclosporine-A induced liver injury in rats through blocking the Bax/Cytochrome C/caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway.
Data show that sirtuin 3 could inhibit cell apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C (CytC) release and inhibiting caspase-3 activation in cardiomyocyte models with calcium overload.
Title: [Sirtuin 3 inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C release in myocardiac H9c2 cells with calcium overload].
results suggested that hepatocyte injury and liver dysfunction may be caused by inducing apoptosis via the PARP and Cyt C pathways.
Title: Poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase‑ and cytochrome c‑mediated apoptosis induces hepatocyte injury in a rat model of hyperammonia‑induced hepatic failure.
Heroin activates ATF3 and CytC via c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways to mediate neuronal apoptosis.
Title: Heroin activates ATF3 and CytC via c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways to mediate neuronal apoptosis.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress promote apoptotic cell death in the striatum via cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling cascade following chronic rotenone intoxication in rats.
Title: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress promote apoptotic cell death in the striatum via cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling cascade following chronic rotenone intoxication in rats.
The findings provide insights into the function of CPR and CPR-cyt c interaction on a structural basis.
Title: Kinetic and structural characterization of the interaction between the FMN binding domain of cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome c.
Isoflurane enhances the expression of cytochrome C in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, which may be mediated by facilitation of NMDA receptor.
Title: Isoflurane enhances the expression of cytochrome C by facilitation of NMDA receptor in developing rat hippocampal neurons in vitro.
The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglicerol decreases calcium induced cytochrome c release from liver mitochondria
Title: The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglicerol decreases calcium induced cytochrome c release from liver mitochondria.
Melatonin can protect nerve cell against deltamethrin induced brain injury by inhibiting nerve cell apoptosis, downregulating expression of cytochrome C and upregulating expression of bcl-2.
Title: [Effects of melatonin on nerve cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 & cytochrome C genes in rat cerebrum with deltamethrin induction].
Sphingosine activates SDK, to phosphorylate 14-3-3 protein, causing Bax dissociation from 14-3-3 protein and accumulation in the mitochondria, allowing cytochrome c release into the cytosol, to activate caspase-9 and caspase-3.
Title: Sphingosine induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes by activating caspase-3/-9 via a mitochondrial pathway linked to SDK/14-3-3 protein/Bax/cytochrome c.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH139613 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:221697

PMC195978P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271788

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables electron transfer activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables electron transfer activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables enzyme binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heme binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heme binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glial cell apoptotic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within hydrogen peroxide metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cellular respiration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to carbon monoxide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to copper ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to gravity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ischemia	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to oxidative stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of apoptosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in mitochondrial intermembrane space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrial intermembrane space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrial intermembrane space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: cytochrome c, somatic

Names: Cytochrome C, expressed in somatic tissues

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.