Hrk harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Hrkprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: harakiri, BCL2 interacting proteinprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:70549
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000079458 AllianceGenome:RGD:70549
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Dp5; Bid3
Summary: Involved in cellular response to potassium ion starvation and positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in mitochondrion. Orthologous to human HRK (harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Annotation information: Note: NM_057130.4 is based on transcript and protein alignment data, and may not be a true representation of the structure of GeneID 117271 due to the incomplete nature of the assembly in this region of the genome. [10 Oct 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in Brain (RPKM 47.4) and Adrenal (RPKM 3.3) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 12q16

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	12	NC_086030.1 (44048402..44070561, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	12	NC_051347.1 (38387484..38409652, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	12	NC_005111.4 (44008879..44029211, complement)

Chromosome 12 - NC_086030.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Long Noncoding RNA SOX2-OT Aggravates Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis of Cardiomyocyte by Targeting miR-942-5p/DP5.
Title: Long Noncoding RNA SOX2-OT Aggravates Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis of Cardiomyocyte by Targeting miR-942-5p/DP5.
The inactivation of hrk protein protects -cells from IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and chemical Endoplasmic Reticulum stress-mediated cell death.
Title: Signaling by IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and ER stress converge on DP5/Hrk activation: a novel mechanism for pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis.
identification of a conserved ATF site in the dp5 promoter that binds c-Jun and ATF2, which is critical for dp5 promoter induction after NGF withdrawal.
Title: The proapoptotic dp5 gene is a direct target of the MLK-JNK-c-Jun pathway in sympathetic neurons.
dp5 is a target gene of c-Jun and plays a critical role in potassium deprivation-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons.
Title: dp5/HRK is a c-Jun target gene and required for apoptosis induced by potassium deprivation in cerebellar granule neurons.
Bcl-2 regulates an essential pool of mitochondrial GSH and this regulation may depend upon Bcl-2 directly interacting with GSH via the BH3 groove
Title: Glutathione binding to the Bcl-2 homology-3 domain groove: a molecular basis for Bcl-2 antioxidant function at mitochondria.
These results suggest that JNK activation contributes to trauma-induced DP5 expression and subsequent apoptosis in SCI.
Title: JNK activation contributes to DP5 induction and apoptosis following traumatic spinal cord injury.
BH3 peptide has a role in releasing cytochrome c in rat brain mitochondria
Title: Postnatal brain development and neural cell differentiation modulate mitochondrial Bax and BH3 peptide-induced cytochrome c release.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH132357 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:215640

D12Wox24 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:518764

D12Wox18 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:240257

RH139521 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:221607

AI102299 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:261032

RH140359 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:222435

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to potassium ion starvation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: activator of apoptosis harakiri

Names: BH3 interacting (with BCL2 family) domain, apoptosis agonist; BH3 interacting domain 3; BH3-interacting domain-containing protein 3; harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (contains only BH3 domain); neuronal death protein DP5

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.