Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin family; Members of the epsin family play an important role as accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. They are important factors in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) generation. They contribute to membrane deformation and play a key function as adaptor proteins, coupling various components of clathrin-mediated uptake. They also have an important role in selecting and recognizing cargo. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals, epsin-1 to -3, and these are conserved in vertebrates. Epsin-1 is highly enriched and represents the dominant isoform in the brain. It is required for proper synaptic vesicle retrieval and modulates the endocytic capacity of synaptic vesicles. Epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of CCVs. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  16 DAEKKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLAISDMTFNAASLSEIMHMLWQRLSDHGKNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVIQYCRE 95
Cdd:cd16990     1 EAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMSEIADLTYNVVAFSEIMSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKE 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1039749169  96 GVCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGHYIRERSKQVITLLMDEQLLHK 139
Cdd:cd16990    81 NIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKDDERLKN 124

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin family; Members of the epsin family play an important role as accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. They are important factors in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) generation. They contribute to membrane deformation and play a key function as adaptor proteins, coupling various components of clathrin-mediated uptake. They also have an important role in selecting and recognizing cargo. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals, epsin-1 to -3, and these are conserved in vertebrates. Epsin-1 is highly enriched and represents the dominant isoform in the brain. It is required for proper synaptic vesicle retrieval and modulates the endocytic capacity of synaptic vesicles. Epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of CCVs. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  16 DAEKKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLAISDMTFNAASLSEIMHMLWQRLSDHGKNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVIQYCRE 95
Cdd:cd16990     1 EAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMSEIADLTYNVVAFSEIMSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKE 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1039749169  96 GVCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGHYIRERSKQVITLLMDEQLLHK 139
Cdd:cd16990    81 NIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKDDERLKN 124

Epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169   15 SDAEKKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLAISDMTFNA-ASLSEIMHMLWQRLSDHGkNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVIQYC 93
Cdd:smart00273   1 SDLEVKVRKATNNDEWGPKGKHLREIIQGTHNEkSSFAEIMAVLWRRLNDTK-NWRVVYKALILLHYLLRNGSPRVILEA 79

                           90       100       110       120
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1039749169   94 REGVCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGHYIRERSKQVITLLMDEQLLHKER 141
Cdd:smart00273  80 LRNRNRILNLSDFQDIDSRGKDQGANIRTYAKYLLERLEDDRRLKEER 127

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin family; Members of the epsin family play an important role as accessory proteins in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. They are important factors in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) generation. They contribute to membrane deformation and play a key function as adaptor proteins, coupling various components of clathrin-mediated uptake. They also have an important role in selecting and recognizing cargo. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals, epsin-1 to -3, and these are conserved in vertebrates. Epsin-1 is highly enriched and represents the dominant isoform in the brain. It is required for proper synaptic vesicle retrieval and modulates the endocytic capacity of synaptic vesicles. Epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of CCVs. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  16 DAEKKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLAISDMTFNAASLSEIMHMLWQRLSDHGKNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVIQYCRE 95
Cdd:cd16990     1 EAEIKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMSEIADLTYNVVAFSEIMSMIWKRLNDHGKNWRHVYKALTLLEYLIKTGSERVAQQCKE 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1039749169  96 GVCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGHYIRERSKQVITLLMDEQLLHK 139
Cdd:cd16990    81 NIFAIQTLKDFQYIDRDGKDQGVNVREKAKQLVSLLKDDERLKN 124

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent1, Ent2, and similar proteins; This subfamily is composed of the two orthologs of epsin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Epsin-1 (Ent1 or Ent1p) and Epsin-2 (Ent2 or Ent2p), and similar proteins. Yeast single epsin knockouts, either Ent1 and Ent2, are viable while the double knockout is not. Yeast epsins are required for endocytosis and localization of actin. Ent2 also plays a signaling role during cell division. The ENTH domain of Ent2 interacts with the septin organizing, Cdc42 GTPase activating protein, Bem3, leading to increased cytokinesis failure when overexpressed. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  14 YSDAEKKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLAISDMTFNAASLSEIMHMLWQRLSDHGKNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVIQYC 93
Cdd:cd16991     2 YSSTQVKVRNATSNDPWGPSGDEMAEIAELTYDQHDFVEIMDMLDKRLNDKGKNWRHVAKALTVLDYLLHFGSENVVLWA 81

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1039749169  94 REGVCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGHYIRERSKQVITLLMDEQLLHKER 141
Cdd:cd16991    82 KENIYIIKTLREFQYIDDEGKDQGQNVRVKAKELTSLLLDDERLREER 129

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Epsin-related protein; Epsin-related protein (EpsinR) is also called clathrin interactor 1 (Clint), enthoprotin, or epsin-4. It is a clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) protein that binds to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), clathrin, and the gamma appendage domain of the adaptor protein complex 1 (AP1). It contains an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. The ENTH domain of human epsinR binds directly to the helical bundle domain of the mouse SNARE Vti1b; soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are type II transmembrane proteins that have critical roles in providing the specificity and energy for transport-vesicle fusion. Specific ENTH domains may also function as protein cargo selection/recognition modules. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  17 AEKKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLAISDMTFNAASLSEIMHMLWQR-LSDHGKNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVIQYCRE 95
Cdd:cd16989     1 IESKVREATNDDPWGPTGQLMQEIARYTFTYEQFPEVMNMLWKRmLKDNKKNWRRVYKSLLLLDYLLKNGSERVVTSARE 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1039749169  96 GVCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGHYIRERSKQVITLLMDEQLLHKEREVA 144
Cdd:cd16989    81 HIYDLRSLENYHFIDEKGKDQGINVRQKVKEIIELLQDDERLREERKKA 129

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent3 and similar proteins; This subfamily is composed of one of two epsinR orthologs present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Epsin-3 (Ent3 or Ent3p), and similar proteins. Ent3 is an adaptor proteins at the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN); it cooperates with yeast SNARE Vti1p to regulate transport from the TGN to the prevacuolar endosome. Ent3 facilitates the interaction between Gga2p with both the endosomal syntaxin Pep12p and clathrin in the GGA-dependent transport to the late endosome. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. Similar to mammalian epsinR, The ENTH domain of Ent3 binds to the yeast SNARE Vti1p; soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are type II transmembrane proteins that have critical roles in providing the specificity and energy for transport-vesicle fusion. Specific ENTH domains may also function as protein cargo selection/recognition modules. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  18 EKKVREATSNDPWGPSSSLMLAISDMTFNAASLSEIMHMLWQRLSD-HGKNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVIQYCREG 96
Cdd:cd16992     2 ESKVREATNNDPWGASSTLMQEIAQGTYNYQQFNEIMPMIYKRFTEkAGSEWRQIYKALQLLEYLIKNGSERVVDDARGH 81

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  97 VCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGHYIRERSKQVITLLMDEQL 136
Cdd:cd16992    82 LTLIKMLRSFHYIDDKGKDQGINVRNRAKELIELLSDDEK 121

Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain of Yeast Ent4 and similar proteins; Yeast Epsin-4 (Ent4 or Ent4p) has been reported to be involved in the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN)-to-vacuole sorting of Arn1p, a transporter for the uptake of ferrichrome, an important nutritional source of iron. Yeast epsins contain an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain, an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. ENTH domain is highly similar to the N-terminal region of the AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH_N) domain. ENTH and ANTH_N domains are structurally similar to the VHS domain and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH domains bind both, inositol phospholipids with preference for PtdIns(4,5)P2, and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH)-containing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  17 AEKKVREAT-SNDPWGPSSSLMLAISDMTFNAASLSEIMHMLWQRLSDHG-----KNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVI 90
Cdd:cd16994     1 TELKVKQATdDNETSGATGTLMNEISVLTYSPKTLKEITQVLKKRLSGNSkksshKNCVHILKTLTLISYLINNGSNEFI 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1039749169  91 QYCREGVCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQGHYIRERSKQVITLLMDEQL 136
Cdd:cd16994    81 AWLRSNLYLIERLKDFEVQDNRDLPMANQIRSLSQDICELINDDEL 126

ANTH (AP180 N-Terminal Homology) domain family, N-terminal region; The ANTH (AP180 N-Terminal Homology) domain family is composed of Adaptor Protein 180 (AP180), Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid Leukemia protein (CALM), and similar proteins. ANTH domains bind both inositol phospholipids and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ANTH-bearing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that the ANTH domain is a universal component of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding. The ANTH domain is a unique module whose N-terminal half is structurally similar to the Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) and Vps27/Hrs/STAM (VHS) domains, containing a superhelix of eight alpha helices. In addition, it contains a coiled-coil C-terminal half with strutural similarity to spectrin repeats. It binds phosphoinositide PtdIns(4,5)P2 at a short conserved motif K[X]9[K/R][H/Y] between helices 1 and 2. This model describes the N-terminal region of ANTH domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  18 EKKVREATSNDPWGPSS----SLMLAISDMTFNAaSLSEIMHMLWQRLsdHGKNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRKVIQY- 92
Cdd:cd03564     2 DVAVVKATNHDEVPPKEkhvrKLLLATSNGGGRA-DVAYIVHALAKRL--HKKNWIVVLKTLIVIHRLLREGSPSFLEEl 78

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1039749169  93 CREGVCNLQMLKDFQHIDEAGKDQ-------GHYIRERS 124
Cdd:cd03564    79 LRYSGHIFNLSNFKDDSSPEAWDLsafirryARYLEERL 117

ANTH (AP180 N-Terminal Homology) domain, N-terminal region, of yeast clathrin coat assembly protein AP180 (YAP180) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes yeast clathrin coat assembly protein AP180 (YAP180) and similar proteins. There are two YAP180 proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, AP180A (yAP180A or YAP1801) and AP180B (yAP180B or YAP1802). They are involved in endocytosis and clathrin cage assembly. ANTH domains bind both inositol phospholipids and proteins, and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. The ANTH domain is a unique module whose N-terminal half is structurally similar to the Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) and Vps27/Hrs/STAM (VHS) domains, containing a superhelix of eight alpha helices. In addition, it contains a coiled-coil C-terminal half with strutural similarity to spectrin repeats. It binds phosphoinositide PtdIns(4,5)P2 at a short conserved motif K[X]9[K/R][H/Y] between helices 1 and 2. This model describes the N-terminal region of ANTH domains of plant clathrin coat assembly protein AP180 and similar proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  18 EKKVREATSNDPWGPSS-SLMLAISDMTFNAASLSEIMHMLWQRLSDhgKNWRHVYKSLALMDYLIKNGSRK-VIQYC-- 93
Cdd:cd16988     2 EKLVKGATKIKLAPPKAkYLDPILLATYSSDASFGEIVRALSRRLRD--NSWTVVFKSLIVLHLMIREGETDdVLLYYls 79

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039749169  94 REGVCNLQMLKDFQHideAGKDQG-------HYIRERSKQ 126
Cdd:cd16988    80 RPDFLDLRKIRNGSS---AGSGQLqniqryaAYLKERVKE 116