PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B); JMJD2B, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the trimethyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a Tudor domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  720 YCAVCTLFYPYNQTLQTDKETSpaslgetSSLLQLSKCGQKTKPLIPEMCFTSSGENIEPLPANSYIGDDGTSLLIACAK 799
Cdd:cd15576      1 YCAICTLFYPYTQSLQDPKEIS-------DMSGLVSKVGQKTRPLIPEMCFTAGGENTEPLPSNSYIGDDGTSVLLSCAK 73

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355  800 CYLQVHASCYGIRPDLVNEGWTCSRC 825
Cdd:cd15576     74 CCLQVHASCYGVNPDLVNEGWTCSRC 99

first Tudor domain found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) and similar proteins; JMJD2B, also called lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the tri-methyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) domain, a noncanonical extended PHD domain, and tandem Tudor domains. The model corresponds to the first Tudor domain. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2119472355  956 VSLGQTVITKNRNGLYYRCKVIGTTTQTFYEVNFDDGSYSDNLYPESIISRDCI 1009
Cdd:cd20464      1 VSLGQVVITKNRNGLYYRCRVIGTATQTFYEVNFDDGSYSDNVYPESITSRDCL 54

Small domain found in the jumonji family of transcription factors; To date, this domain always co-occurs with the JmjC domain (although the reverse is not true).

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2119472355    15 IMTFRPTVEEFQDFGKYVAYIESQgAHRAGLAKVIPPKEWKP 56
Cdd:smart00545    2 IPVFYPTMEEFKDPLAYISKIRPQ-AEKYGICKVVPPKSWKP 42

PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B); JMJD2B, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the trimethyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a Tudor domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  720 YCAVCTLFYPYNQTLQTDKETSpaslgetSSLLQLSKCGQKTKPLIPEMCFTSSGENIEPLPANSYIGDDGTSLLIACAK 799
Cdd:cd15576      1 YCAICTLFYPYTQSLQDPKEIS-------DMSGLVSKVGQKTRPLIPEMCFTAGGENTEPLPSNSYIGDDGTSVLLSCAK 73

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355  800 CYLQVHASCYGIRPDLVNEGWTCSRC 825
Cdd:cd15576     74 CCLQVHASCYGVNPDLVNEGWTCSRC 99

JmjC domain, hydroxylase; The JmjC domain belongs to the Cupin superfamily. JmjC-domain proteins may be protein hydroxylases that catalyze a novel histone modification. This is confirmed to be a hydroxylase: the human JmjC protein named Tyw5p unexpectedly acts in the biosynthesis of a hypermodified nucleoside, hydroxy-wybutosine, in tRNA-Phe by catalysing hydroxylation.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  176 YLYFGMWKTTFAWHTEDMDLYSINYLHFGEPKSWYAIPPEHGKRLERLAKGFFpgsSQGCDAFLRHKMTLISPSILKKYS 255
Cdd:pfam02373    1 WLYLGMPFSTTPWHIEDQGLYSINYLHFGAPKVWYIIPPEYAEKFEKVLSDHF---GGEQPDDLLHLNTIISPKQLRENG 77

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2119472355  256 IPFDRITQEAGEFMITFPYGYHAGFNHGFNCAESTNF 292
Cdd:pfam02373   78 IPVYRFVQKPGEFVFTFPGWYHQVFNLGFNIAEAVNF 114

second Tudor domain found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) and similar proteins; JMJD2B, also called lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the tri-methyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) domain, a noncanonical extended PHD domain, and tandem Tudor domains. The model corresponds to the second Tudor domain. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355 1013 PPPEGEFVQLRWTDGNIYKAKFISAVISHIYQVEFEDGSQLMVKRGDIYTLEEELP 1068
Cdd:cd20467      1 PPSEGELVELRWTDGNIYKAKFISAHLSHIYQVEFEDGSQLTVKRGEIFTLEEELP 56

Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A Tudor domain; This is the tudor domain found in histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A (JMJD2A). Structure and function analysis indicate that this domain can recognize equally well two unrelated histone peptides, H3K4me3 and H4K20me3, by means of two very different binding mechanisms. JMJD2 also known as KDM4, is a conserved iron (II)-dependent jumonji-domain demethylase subfamily that is essential during development. Vertebrate KDM4A-C proteins contain a conserved double tudor domain (DTD).

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2119472355  959 GQTVITKNRNGLYYRCKVIGTTTQTFYEVNFDDGS 993
Cdd:pfam18104    1 GQDVIARWTDGRYYLGKFIGIHTQTFYEVEFEDGS 35

A domain family that is part of the cupin metalloenzyme superfamily; Probable enzymes, but of unknown functions, that regulate chromatin reorganisation processes (Clissold and Ponting, in press).

                            10        20        30        40        50        60
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2119472355   147 EEWNIGNLNTLLDMVEHeCGIIIEGVNT-PYLYFGMWKTTFAWHTEDMDLysINYLHFGEP 206
Cdd:smart00558    1 QLWNLAKLPFKLNLLSD-LPEDIPGPDVgPYLYMGMAGSTTPWHIDDYDL--VNYLHQGAG 58

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2119472355  791 TSLLIACAKCYLQVHASCYGIRPDLVNEGWTCSRC 825
Cdd:pfam13831    1 TSPLVYCSKCSVQVHASCYGVPPIPDGDGWKCRRC 35

Tudor domain; Domain of unknown function present in several RNA-binding proteins. 10 copies in the Drosophila Tudor protein. Initial proposal that the survival motor neuron gene product contain a Tudor domain are corroborated by more recent database search techniques such as PSI-BLAST (unpublished).

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2119472355  1012 GPPPEGEFVQLRWTDGNIYKAKFISAVISHIYQVEFED-GSQLMVKRGDIYTLEEEL 1067
Cdd:smart00333    1 PTFKVGDKVAARWEDGEWYRARIVKVDGEQLYEVFFIDyGNEEVVPPSDLRQLPEEL 57

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355   889 CVYCRKRMKkiSGACIQCsyEHCSTSFHVTCAHAAGVLMEPDD-WpyvvsiTCFKH 943
Cdd:smart00249    2 CSVCGKPDD--GGELLQC--DGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLEEEPDGkW------YCPKC 47

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2119472355   787 GDDGTSLLIACAKCYLQVHASCYGIRPDL--VNEGWTCSRC 825
Cdd:smart00249    7 KPDDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLEeePDGKWYCPKC 47

Extended PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2 (JMJD2) family of histone demethylases; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2 proteins. JMJD2 proteins, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4 histone demethylases (KDM4), have been implicated in various cellular processes including DNA damage response, transcription, cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, senescence, and carcinogenesis. They selectively catalyze the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. This model contains three JMJD2 proteins, JMJD2A-C, which all contain jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain. JMJD2D is not included in this family, since it lacks both PHD and Tudor domains and has a different substrate specificity. JMJD2A-C are required for efficient cancer cell growth.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHPVDISAIPEQRWKLKCVYCRKRMKKIS--GACIQCSYEHC 911
Cdd:cd15675      1 CCLCCLRGGALKPTTDGRWAHVVCAIAIPEVRFSNVPERGPIDISKIPPARLKLKCIYCSKITKSMShmGACIQCSTGKC 80

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2119472355  912 STSFHVTCAHAAGVLMEPDDWPYVVSITCFKH 943
Cdd:cd15675     81 TTSFHVTCAHAAGVQMEPDDWPYPVYVTCTKH 112

PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B); JMJD2B, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the trimethyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a Tudor domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  720 YCAVCTLFYPYNQTLQTDKETSpaslgetSSLLQLSKCGQKTKPLIPEMCFTSSGENIEPLPANSYIGDDGTSLLIACAK 799
Cdd:cd15576      1 YCAICTLFYPYTQSLQDPKEIS-------DMSGLVSKVGQKTRPLIPEMCFTAGGENTEPLPSNSYIGDDGTSVLLSCAK 73

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355  800 CYLQVHASCYGIRPDLVNEGWTCSRC 825
Cdd:cd15576     74 CCLQVHASCYGVNPDLVNEGWTCSRC 99

Extended PHD finger (ePHD) found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A (JMJD2A); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2A. JMJD2A, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A (JHDM3A), catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. It is involved in carcinogenesis and functions as a transcription regulator that may either stimulate or repress gene transcription. It associates with nuclear receptor co-repressor complex or histone deacetylases. Moreover, JMJD2A forms complexes with both the androgen and estrogen receptor (ER) and plays an essential role in growth of both ER-positive and -negative breast tumors. It is also involved in prostate, colon, and lung cancer progression. JMJD2A contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHPVDISAIPEQRWKLKCVYCRKRMKKISGACIQCSYEHCST 913
Cdd:cd15713      1 CCLCSLRGGALQRANDDKWVHVMCAVAVLEARFVNIAERSPVDVSKIPLQRFKLKCIFCKKRRKRTAGCCVQCSHGRCPT 80

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  914 SFHVTCAHAAGVLMEPDDWPYVVSITCFKH 943
Cdd:cd15713     81 SFHASCAQAAGVMMQPDDWPFVVFITCFRH 110

Extended plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, characterized by Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His; PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. The extended PHD finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, which has been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGAL------QMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHPVDISAIPEQRWKLKCVYCRKRmkkiSGACIQCS 907
Cdd:cd15571      1 CALCPRSGGALkgggalKTTSDGLWVHVVCALWSPEVYFDDGTLLEVEGVSKIPKRRKKLKCSICGKR----GGACIQCS 76

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355  908 YEHCSTSFHVTCAHAAGVLMEPDDWPYVVSITCFKH 943
Cdd:cd15571     77 YPGCPRSFHVSCAIRAGCLFEFEDGPGNFVVYCPKH 112

first Tudor domain found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) and similar proteins; JMJD2B, also called lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the tri-methyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) domain, a noncanonical extended PHD domain, and tandem Tudor domains. The model corresponds to the first Tudor domain. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2119472355  956 VSLGQTVITKNRNGLYYRCKVIGTTTQTFYEVNFDDGSYSDNLYPESIISRDCI 1009
Cdd:cd20464      1 VSLGQVVITKNRNGLYYRCRVIGTATQTFYEVNFDDGSYSDNVYPESITSRDCL 54

second Tudor domain found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) and similar proteins; JMJD2B, also called lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the tri-methyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) domain, a noncanonical extended PHD domain, and tandem Tudor domains. The model corresponds to the second Tudor domain. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355 1013 PPPEGEFVQLRWTDGNIYKAKFISAVISHIYQVEFEDGSQLMVKRGDIYTLEEELP 1068
Cdd:cd20467      1 PPSEGELVELRWTDGNIYKAKFISAHLSHIYQVEFEDGSQLTVKRGEIFTLEEELP 56

PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A (JMJD2A); JMJD2A, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A (JHDM3A), catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. It is involved in carcinogenesis and functions as a transcription regulator that may either stimulate or repress gene transcription. It associates with nuclear receptor co-repressor complex or histone deacetylases. Moreover, JMJD2A forms complexes with both the androgen and estrogen receptor (ER) and plays an essential role in growth of both ER-positive and -negative breast tumors. It is also involved in prostate, colon, and lung cancer progression. JMJD2A contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a Tudor domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  720 YCAVCTLFYPYNQTLQTDKETSPASLGETSSLlqlskcGQKTKPLIPEMCFTSSGENIEPLPANSYIGDDGTSLLIACAK 799
Cdd:cd15575      1 HCAVCMLFQTYQVDCWGGHNSSSGVAASEARI------KKKTKPLIPEMCFTSTGCNTDLNLSTPYLEEDGTSILVTCKK 74

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355  800 CYLQVHASCYGIRPDLVNEGWTCSRC 825
Cdd:cd15575     75 CCVCVHASCYGVSPEKAAEDWMCSRC 100

Extended PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 3 (BRPF3) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of BRPF3. BRF3 is a homolog of BRPF1 and BRPF2. It is a scaffold protein that forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with other regulatory subunits. BRPF3 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHPVD-ISAIPEQRWKLKCVYCRKRMKkisGACIQCSYEHCS 912
Cdd:cd15703      1 CVLCPNKGGAFKQTSDGRWAHVVCAIWIPEVCFANTVFLEPVEgVNNIPPARWKLTCYLCKQKGR---GAAIQCHKVNCY 77

                           90
                   ....*....|....*...
gi 2119472355  913 TSFHVTCAHAAGVLMEPD 930
Cdd:cd15703     78 TAFHVTCAQRAGLFMKIE 95

Extended PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana ATX1, -2, and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of A. thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like proteins ATX1, -2, and similar proteins. ATX1 and -2 are sister paralogs originating from a segmental chromosomal duplication; they are plant counterparts of the Drosophila melanogaster trithorax (TRX) and mammalian mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) proteins. ATX1 (also known as protein SET domain group 27, or trithorax-homolog protein 1/TRX-homolog protein 1), is a methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It also acts as a histone modifier and as a positive effector of gene expression. ATX1 regulates transcription from diverse classes of genes implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. It is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. ATX2 (also known as protein SET domain group 30, or trithorax-homolog protein 2/TRX-homolog protein 2), is involved in dimethylating histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). ATX1 and ATX2 are multi-domain proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, FYRN- and FYRC (DAST, domain associated with SET in trithorax) domains, a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a C-terminal SET domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHPVD-ISAIPEQRWKLKCVYCRKRMkkisGACIQCSYEHCS 912
Cdd:cd15662      1 CCLCPVVGGALKPTTDGRWAHLACAIWIPETCLLDVKTMEPVDgINAISKERWELSCTICKQRY----GACIQCSNNSCR 76

                           90
                   ....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355  913 TSFHVTCAHAAGVLME 928
Cdd:cd15662     77 VAYHPLCARAAGLCME 92

PHD-like zinc-binding domain; The members of this family are annotated as containing PHD domain, but the zinc-binding region here is not typical of PHD domains. The conformation here is a well-conserved cysteine-histidine rich region spanning 90 residues, where the Cys and His are arranged as HxxC(31)CxxC(6)CxxCxxxxCxxxxHxxC (21)CxxH.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2119472355  854 HVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERH--PVDISAIPEQRWKLKCVYCRKRMkkisGACIQCSYEHCSTSFHVTCAHAAGVLME 928
Cdd:pfam13771    1 HVVCALWSPELVQRGNDSMGfpIEDIEKIPKRRWKLKCYLCKKKG----GACIQCSKKNCRRAFHVTCALEAGLLMQ 73

second Tudor domain found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A (JMJD2A) and similar proteins; JMJD2A, also called lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A (JHDM3A), catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. It is involved in carcinogenesis and functions as a transcription regulator that may either stimulate or repress gene transcription. It associates with nuclear receptor corepressor complex or histone deacetylases. Moreover, JMJD2A forms complexes with both the androgen and estrogen receptor (ER), and plays an essential role in growth of both ER-positive and -negative breast tumors. It is also involved in prostate, colon, and lung cancer progression. JMJD2A contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) domain, a noncanonical extended PHD domain, and tandem Tudor domains. The model corresponds to the second Tudor domain. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355 1013 PPPEGEFVQLRWTDGNIYKAKFISAVISHIYQVEFEDGSQLMVKRGDIYTLEEELP 1068
Cdd:cd20466      1 PPAEGEVVQVRWTDGQVYGAKFVASHPIQMYQVEFEDGSQLVVKRDDVYTLDEELP 56

second Tudor domain found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2 (JMJD2) family of histone demethylases; JMJD2 proteins, also called lysine-specific demethylase 4 histone demethylases (KDM4), have been implicated in various cellular processes including DNA damage response, transcription, cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, senescence, and carcinogenesis. They selectively catalyze the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. This model contains only three JMJD2 proteins, JMJD2A-C, which all contain jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical PHD domain, a noncanonical extended PHD domain, and tandem Tudor domains. The model corresponds to the second Tudor domain. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions. JMJD2D is not included in this model, since it lacks both the PHD and Tudor domains and has a different substrate specificity. JMJD2A-C are required for efficient cancer cell growth.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2119472355 1013 PPPEGEFVQLRWTDGNIYKAKFISAVISHIYQVEFEDGSQLMVKRGDIYTLEEELP 1068
Cdd:cd20392      1 PPEVGDPVKVKWTDGELYDAKFVGSSIVIMYTVEFEDGSVLTLKREDVYTLDEELP 56

second Tudor domain found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2C (JMJD2C) and similar proteins; JMJD2C, also called lysine-specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C), gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 protein (GASC-1 protein), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3C (JHDM3C), is an epigenetic factor that catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36, and may be involved in the development and/or progression of various types of cancer including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) and breast cancer. It selectively interacts with hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) and plays a role in breast cancer progression. Moreover, JMJD2C may play an important role in the treatment of obesity and its complications by modulating the regulation of adipogenesis by nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). JMJD2C contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) domain, a noncanonical extended PHD domain, and tandem Tudor domains. The model corresponds to the second Tudor domain. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355 1013 PPPEGEFVQLRWTDGNIYKAKFISAVISHIYQVEFEDGSQLMVKRGDIYTLEEELPKRVK 1072
Cdd:cd20468      1 PPAEGEVVQVKWPDGLLYGAKYLGSNIAHMYQVEFEDGSQIVMKREDIYTLDEELPKKVK 60

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia) oncogene in leukaemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHPVDISAIPEQRWKLKCVYC---RKRMKKISGACIQCSYEH 910
Cdd:cd15672      1 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVRFGNVATMEPIILQDVPQDRFNKTCYICeeqGRESKASTGACMQCNKSG 80

                           90
                   ....*....|....*...
gi 2119472355  911 CSTSFHVTCAHAAGVLME 928
Cdd:cd15672     81 CKQSFHVTCAQMAGLLCE 98

Extended PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of PHF14. PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and this non-canonical ePHD finger. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHPVDISAIPEQRWKLK-CVYCRKRMKKISGACIQCSYEHCS 912
Cdd:cd15674      1 CELCPNRGGIFKETDTGRWVHLVCALYTPGVAFGDVDKLSPVTLTEMNYSKWGAReCSLCEDPRFARTGVCISCDAGMCK 80

                           90
                   ....*....|....*....
gi 2119472355  913 TSFHVTCAHAAGVLMEPDD 931
Cdd:cd15674     81 SYFHVTCAQREGLLSEATD 99

Extended PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana ATX3, -4, -5, and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of A. thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like proteins ATX3 (also termed protein SET domain group 14, or trithorax-homolog protein 3), ATX4 (also termed protein SET domain group 16, or trithorax-homolog protein 4) and ATX5 (also termed protein SET domain group 29, or trithorax-homolog protein 5), which belong to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. These proteins show distinct phylogenetic origins from the family of ATX1 and ATX2. They are multi-domain proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical extended PHD finger, and a C-terminal SET domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGALQMT-TDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHP-VDISAIPEQRWKLKCVYCrkrmKKISGACIQCSyeHC 911
Cdd:cd15663      1 CCLCPVKGGALKPTdVEGLWVHVTCAWFRPEVCFKNEEKMEPaVGLLRIPLSTFLKACVIC----KQIHGSCTQCC--KC 74

                           90
                   ....*....|....*..
gi 2119472355  912 STSFHVTCAHAAGVLME 928
Cdd:cd15663     75 ATYFHAMCASRAGYHME 91

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-17 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-17. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as a translocation partner of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. AF-17 contains an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRGGALQMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEVRFLNVIERHPVDISAIPEQRWKLKCVYCR---KRMKKISGACIQCSYEH 910
Cdd:cd15709      5 CELCPHKDGALKRTDNGGWAHVVCALYIPEVQFANVLTMEPIVLQYVPHDRFNKTCYICEeqgRESKAASGACMTCNRHG 84

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  911 CSTSFHVTCAHAAGVLMEPD 930
Cdd:cd15709     85 CRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEE 104

Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A Tudor domain; This is the tudor domain found in histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A (JMJD2A). Structure and function analysis indicate that this domain can recognize equally well two unrelated histone peptides, H3K4me3 and H4K20me3, by means of two very different binding mechanisms. JMJD2 also known as KDM4, is a conserved iron (II)-dependent jumonji-domain demethylase subfamily that is essential during development. Vertebrate KDM4A-C proteins contain a conserved double tudor domain (DTD).

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2119472355  959 GQTVITKNRNGLYYRCKVIGTTTQTFYEVNFDDGS 993
Cdd:pfam18104    1 GQDVIARWTDGRYYLGKFIGIHTQTFYEVEFEDGS 35

A domain family that is part of the cupin metalloenzyme superfamily; Probable enzymes, but of unknown functions, that regulate chromatin reorganisation processes (Clissold and Ponting, in press).

                            10        20        30        40        50        60
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2119472355   147 EEWNIGNLNTLLDMVEHeCGIIIEGVNT-PYLYFGMWKTTFAWHTEDMDLysINYLHFGEP 206
Cdd:smart00558    1 QLWNLAKLPFKLNLLSD-LPEDIPGPDVgPYLYMGMAGSTTPWHIDDYDL--VNYLHQGAG 58

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2119472355  791 TSLLIACAKCYLQVHASCYGIRPDLVNEGWTCSRC 825
Cdd:pfam13831    1 TSPLVYCSKCSVQVHASCYGVPPIPDGDGWKCRRC 35

PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2 (JMJD2) family of histone demethylases; JMJD2 proteins, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4 histone demethylases (KDM4), have been implicated in various cellular processes including DNA damage response, transcription, cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, senescence, and carcinogenesis. They selectively catalyze the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. This model contains only three JMJD2 proteins, JMJD2A-C, which all contain jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a Tudor domain. JMJD2D is not included in this family, since it lacks both PHD and Tudor domains and has a different substrate specificity. JMJD2A-C are required for efficient cancer cell growth. This model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2119472355  794 LIACAKCYLQVHASCYGIRPDL-VNEGWTCSRC 825
Cdd:cd15493     10 LLVCSRCCVCVHASCYGVPDIPgDGEGWKCDRC 42

Tudor domain; Domain of unknown function present in several RNA-binding proteins. 10 copies in the Drosophila Tudor protein. Initial proposal that the survival motor neuron gene product contain a Tudor domain are corroborated by more recent database search techniques such as PSI-BLAST (unpublished).

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2119472355   958 LGQTVITKNRNGLYYRCKVIGTTTQTFYEVNFDDGSYSDNLYPESIISRDC 1008
Cdd:smart00333    5 VGDKVAARWEDGEWYRARIVKVDGEQLYEVFFIDYGNEEVVPPSDLRQLPE 55

Extended PHD finger found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) and 2B (KMT2B); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase trithorax (Trx) like proteins, KMT2A/MLL1 and KMT2B/MLL2. KMT2A and KMT2B comprise the mammalian Trx branch of COMPASS family, and are both essential for mammalian embryonic development. KMT2A regulates chromatin-mediated transcription through the catalysis of methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), and is frequently rearranged in acute leukemia. KMT2A functions as the catalytic subunit in the MLL1 complex. KMT2B is a second human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 19 and functions as the catalytic subunit in the MLL2 complex. It plays a critical role in memory formation by mediating hippocampal H3K4 di- and trimethylation. It is also required for RNA polymerase II association and protection from DNA methylation at the MagohB CpG island promoter. Both KMT2A and KMT2B contain a CxxC (x for any residue) zinc finger domain, three PHD fingers, this extended PHD (ePHD) finger, two FY (phenylalanine tyrosine)-rich domains, and a SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax) domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2119472355  834 CCLCNLRG-------GALQMTTDRRWIHVICAIAVPEV------RFLNVierHpvdiSAIPEQRwKLKCVYCRKRmkkis 900
Cdd:cd15664      1 CALCGVYGddepndaGRLLYCGQDEWVHINCALWSAEVfeeddgSLQNV---H----SAVSRGR-MMKCELCGKP----- 67