RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in vertebrate fused in Ewing's sarcoma protein (FUS), TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15 (TAF15) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of FUS and TAF15. FUS (TLS or Pigpen or hnRNP P2), also termed 75 kDa DNA-pairing protein (POMp75), or oncoprotein TLS (Translocated in liposarcoma), is a member of the FET (previously TET) (FUS/TLS, EWS, TAF15) family of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins whose expression is altered in cancer. It is a multi-functional protein and has been implicated in pre-mRNA splicing, chromosome stability, cell spreading, and transcription. FUS was originally identified in human myxoid and round cell liposarcomas as an oncogenic fusion with the stress-induced DNA-binding transcription factor CHOP (CCAAT enhancer-binding homologous protein) and later as hnRNP P2, a component of hnRNP H complex assembled on pre-mRNA. It can form ternary complexes with hnRNP A1 and hnRNP C1/C2. Additional research indicates that FUS binds preferentially to GGUG-containing RNAs. In the presence of Mg2+, it can bind both single- and double-stranded DNA (ssDNA/dsDNA) and promote ATP-independent annealing of complementary ssDNA and D-loop formation in superhelical dsDNA. FUS has been shown to be recruited by single stranded noncoding RNAs to the regulatory regions of target genes such as cyclin D1, where it represses transcription by disrupting complex formation. TAF15 (TAFII68), also termed TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N (TAF2N), or RNA-binding protein 56 (RBP56), originally identified as a TAF in the general transcription initiation TFIID complex, is a novel RNA/ssDNA-binding protein with homology to the proto-oncoproteins FUS and EWS (also termed EWSR1), belonging to the FET family as well. TAF15 likely functions in RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription by interacting with TFIID and subunits of RNAP II itself. TAF15 is also associated with U1 snRNA, chromatin and RNA, in a complex distinct from the Sm-containing U1 snRNP that functions in splicing. Like other members in the FET family, both FUS and TAF15 contain an N-terminal Ser, Gly, Gln and Tyr-rich region composed of multiple copies of a degenerate hexapeptide repeat motif. The C-terminal region consists of a conserved nuclear import and retention signal (C-NLS), a C2/C2 zinc-finger motif, a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and at least 1 arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG)-repeat region.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 178 DNNTIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKKTGKPMINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGN 257
Cdd:cd12535     1 DNNTIFVQGLGEDVTIDSVADYFKQIGIIKTNKKTGKPMINLYTDKETGKLKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFSGN 80

                  ....*.
gi 1720367441 258 IIKVSF 263
Cdd:cd12535    81 PIKVSF 86

N-terminal helicase domain of the DEAD-box helicase superfamily; The DEAD-like helicase superfamily is a diverse family of proteins involved in ATP-dependent RNA or DNA unwinding. The N-terminal domain contains the ATP-binding region.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1720367441   4 SGSYSQSGGEQQSYSSYGNQGSQGYGQTPQGYSGYGQTTDSSYGQNYGGYSGYGQNQSGY-SQSYGS 69
Cdd:PTZ00110    3 STDGSSSNGSVSSGPSNNYNSYGPYPDSSNPYGNYQANHQDNYGGFRPGYGNYSGGYGGFgMNSYGS 69

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in vertebrate fused in Ewing's sarcoma protein (FUS), TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15 (TAF15) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of FUS and TAF15. FUS (TLS or Pigpen or hnRNP P2), also termed 75 kDa DNA-pairing protein (POMp75), or oncoprotein TLS (Translocated in liposarcoma), is a member of the FET (previously TET) (FUS/TLS, EWS, TAF15) family of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins whose expression is altered in cancer. It is a multi-functional protein and has been implicated in pre-mRNA splicing, chromosome stability, cell spreading, and transcription. FUS was originally identified in human myxoid and round cell liposarcomas as an oncogenic fusion with the stress-induced DNA-binding transcription factor CHOP (CCAAT enhancer-binding homologous protein) and later as hnRNP P2, a component of hnRNP H complex assembled on pre-mRNA. It can form ternary complexes with hnRNP A1 and hnRNP C1/C2. Additional research indicates that FUS binds preferentially to GGUG-containing RNAs. In the presence of Mg2+, it can bind both single- and double-stranded DNA (ssDNA/dsDNA) and promote ATP-independent annealing of complementary ssDNA and D-loop formation in superhelical dsDNA. FUS has been shown to be recruited by single stranded noncoding RNAs to the regulatory regions of target genes such as cyclin D1, where it represses transcription by disrupting complex formation. TAF15 (TAFII68), also termed TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N (TAF2N), or RNA-binding protein 56 (RBP56), originally identified as a TAF in the general transcription initiation TFIID complex, is a novel RNA/ssDNA-binding protein with homology to the proto-oncoproteins FUS and EWS (also termed EWSR1), belonging to the FET family as well. TAF15 likely functions in RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription by interacting with TFIID and subunits of RNAP II itself. TAF15 is also associated with U1 snRNA, chromatin and RNA, in a complex distinct from the Sm-containing U1 snRNP that functions in splicing. Like other members in the FET family, both FUS and TAF15 contain an N-terminal Ser, Gly, Gln and Tyr-rich region composed of multiple copies of a degenerate hexapeptide repeat motif. The C-terminal region consists of a conserved nuclear import and retention signal (C-NLS), a C2/C2 zinc-finger motif, a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and at least 1 arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG)-repeat region.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 178 DNNTIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKKTGKPMINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGN 257
Cdd:cd12535     1 DNNTIFVQGLGEDVTIDSVADYFKQIGIIKTNKKTGKPMINLYTDKETGKLKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFSGN 80

                  ....*.
gi 1720367441 258 IIKVSF 263
Cdd:cd12535    81 PIKVSF 86

RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain [Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 179 NNTIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNI 258
Cdd:COG0724     1 SMKIYVGNLPYSVTEEDLRELFSEYGEVTS--------VKLITDRETGRSRGFGFVEMPDDEEAQAAIEALNGAELMGRT 72

                          90
                  ....*....|.
gi 1720367441 259 IKVSFATRRPE 269
Cdd:COG0724    73 LKVNEARPREE 83

Zn-finger in Ran binding protein and others;

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1720367441 300 KNGDWVCPnpSCGNMNFARRNSCNQCNEPRP 330
Cdd:pfam00641   1 REGDWDCS--KCLVQNFATSTKCVACQAPKP 29

U2 snRNP auxilliary factor, large subunit, splicing factor; These splicing factors consist of an N-terminal arginine-rich low complexity domain followed by three tandem RNA recognition motifs (pfam00076). The well-characterized members of this family are auxilliary components of the U2 small nuclear ribonuclearprotein splicing factor (U2AF). These proteins are closely related to the CC1-like subfamily of splicing factors (TIGR01622). Members of this subfamily are found in plants, metazoa and fungi.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 152 ENYSHHTQGHRDYGPRPDADSE------SDNSDN--------------NTIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkk 211
Cdd:TIGR01642 248 SNVFLKIRRPHDYIPVPQITPEvsqknpDDNAKNveklvnsttvldskDRIYIGNLPLYLGEDQIKELLESFGDLKA--- 324

                          90       100       110       120       130
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1720367441 212 tgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKVSFAT 265
Cdd:TIGR01642 325 -----FNLIKDIATGLSKGYAFCEYKDPSVTDVAIAALNGKDTGDNKLHVQRAC 373

helicase; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1720367441   4 SGSYSQSGGEQQSYSSYGNQGSQGYGQTPQGYSGYGQTTDSSYGQNYGGYSGYGQNQSGY-SQSYGS 69
Cdd:PTZ00110    3 STDGSSSNGSVSSGPSNNYNSYGPYPDSSNPYGNYQANHQDNYGGFRPGYGNYSGGYGGFgMNSYGS 69

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in vertebrate fused in Ewing's sarcoma protein (FUS), TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15 (TAF15) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of FUS and TAF15. FUS (TLS or Pigpen or hnRNP P2), also termed 75 kDa DNA-pairing protein (POMp75), or oncoprotein TLS (Translocated in liposarcoma), is a member of the FET (previously TET) (FUS/TLS, EWS, TAF15) family of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins whose expression is altered in cancer. It is a multi-functional protein and has been implicated in pre-mRNA splicing, chromosome stability, cell spreading, and transcription. FUS was originally identified in human myxoid and round cell liposarcomas as an oncogenic fusion with the stress-induced DNA-binding transcription factor CHOP (CCAAT enhancer-binding homologous protein) and later as hnRNP P2, a component of hnRNP H complex assembled on pre-mRNA. It can form ternary complexes with hnRNP A1 and hnRNP C1/C2. Additional research indicates that FUS binds preferentially to GGUG-containing RNAs. In the presence of Mg2+, it can bind both single- and double-stranded DNA (ssDNA/dsDNA) and promote ATP-independent annealing of complementary ssDNA and D-loop formation in superhelical dsDNA. FUS has been shown to be recruited by single stranded noncoding RNAs to the regulatory regions of target genes such as cyclin D1, where it represses transcription by disrupting complex formation. TAF15 (TAFII68), also termed TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N (TAF2N), or RNA-binding protein 56 (RBP56), originally identified as a TAF in the general transcription initiation TFIID complex, is a novel RNA/ssDNA-binding protein with homology to the proto-oncoproteins FUS and EWS (also termed EWSR1), belonging to the FET family as well. TAF15 likely functions in RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcription by interacting with TFIID and subunits of RNAP II itself. TAF15 is also associated with U1 snRNA, chromatin and RNA, in a complex distinct from the Sm-containing U1 snRNP that functions in splicing. Like other members in the FET family, both FUS and TAF15 contain an N-terminal Ser, Gly, Gln and Tyr-rich region composed of multiple copies of a degenerate hexapeptide repeat motif. The C-terminal region consists of a conserved nuclear import and retention signal (C-NLS), a C2/C2 zinc-finger motif, a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and at least 1 arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG)-repeat region.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 178 DNNTIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKKTGKPMINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGN 257
Cdd:cd12535     1 DNNTIFVQGLGEDVTIDSVADYFKQIGIIKTNKKTGKPMINLYTDKETGKLKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFSGN 80

                  ....*.
gi 1720367441 258 IIKVSF 263
Cdd:cd12535    81 PIKVSF 86

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in Drosophila melanogaster RNA-binding protein cabeza and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM in cabeza, also termed P19, or sarcoma-associated RNA-binding fly homolog (SARFH). It is a putative homolog of human RNA-binding proteins FUS (also termed TLS or Pigpen or hnRNP P2), EWS (also termed EWSR1), TAF15 (also termed hTAFII68 or TAF2N or RPB56), and belongs to the of the FET (previously TET) (FUS/TLS, EWS, TAF15) family of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins whose expression is altered in cancer. It is a nuclear RNA binding protein that may play an important role in the regulation of RNA metabolism during fly development. Cabeza contains one RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKKTGKPMINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12534     1 VFVSNLPPNTTEQDLAEHFGSIGIIKIDKKTGKPKIWLYKDKDTGEPKGEATVTYDDPHAASAAIEWFNNKDFMGNTIKV 80

                  ...
gi 1720367441 262 SFA 264
Cdd:cd12534    81 SLA 83

RNA recognition motif;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441  181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:smart00360   1 TLFVGNLPPDTTEEELRELFSKFGKVES--------VRLVRDKETGKSKGFAFVEFESEEDAEKALEALNGKELDGRPLK 72

                   .
gi 1720367441  261 V 261
Cdd:smart00360  73 V 73

RNA recognition motif (RRM) superfamily; RRM, also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), is a highly abundant domain in eukaryotes found in proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene expression processes including mRNA and rRNA processing, RNA export, and RNA stability. This domain is 90 amino acids in length and consists of a four-stranded beta-sheet packed against two alpha-helices. RRM usually interacts with ssRNA, but is also known to interact with ssDNA as well as proteins. RRM binds a variable number of nucleotides, ranging from two to eight. The active site includes three aromatic side-chains located within the conserved RNP1 and RNP2 motifs of the domain. The RRM domain is found in a variety heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDtGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd00590     1 LFVGNLPPDTTEEDLRELFSKFGEVVS--------VRIVRDRD-GKSKGFAFVEFESPEDAEKALEALNGTELGGRPLKV 71

                  .
gi 1720367441 262 S 262
Cdd:cd00590    72 S 72

RNA recognition motif. (a.k.a. RRM, RBD, or RNP domain); The RRM motif is probably diagnostic of an RNA binding protein. RRMs are found in a variety of RNA binding proteins, including various hnRNP proteins, proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of snRNPs. The motif also appears in a few single stranded DNA binding proteins. The RRM structure consists of four strands and two helices arranged in an alpha/beta sandwich, with a third helix present during RNA binding in some cases The C-terminal beta strand (4th strand) and final helix are hard to align and have been omitted in the SEED alignment The LA proteins have an N terminal rrm which is included in the seed. There is a second region towards the C terminus that has some features characteriztic of a rrm but does not appear to have the important structural core of a rrm. The LA proteins are one of the main autoantigens in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDkDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:pfam00076   1 LFVGNLPPDTTEEDLKDLFSKFGPIKS--------IRLVRD-ETGRSKGFAFVEFEDEEDAEKAIEALNGKELGGRELK 70

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in yeast nucleolar protein 4 (Nop4p) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM1 of Nop4p (also known as Nop77p), encoded by YPL043W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is an essential nucleolar protein involved in processing and maturation of 27S pre-rRNA and biogenesis of 60S ribosomal subunits. Nop4p has four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKtnkktgKPMInlYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:cd12674     2 TLFVRNLPFDVTLESLTDFFSDIGPVK------HAVV--VTDPETKKSRGYGFVSFSTHDDAEEALAKLKNRKLSGHILK 73

                  ....*..
gi 1720367441 261 VSFATRR 267
Cdd:cd12674    74 LDFAKPR 80

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in RNA-binding protein RBM8A, RBM8B nd similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of RBM8, also termed binder of OVCA1-1 (BOV-1), or RNA-binding protein Y14, which is one of the components of the exon-exon junction complex (EJC). It has two isoforms, RBM8A and RBM8B, both of which are identical except that RBM8B is 16 amino acids shorter at its N-terminus. RBM8, together with other EJC components (such as Magoh, Aly/REF, RNPS1, Srm160, and Upf3), plays critical roles in postsplicing processing, including nuclear export and cytoplasmic localization of the mRNA, and the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) surveillance process. RBM8 binds to mRNA 20-24 nucleotides upstream of a spliced exon-exon junction. It is also involved in spliced mRNA nuclear export, and the process of nonsense-mediated decay of mRNAs with premature stop codons. RBM8 forms a specific heterodimer complex with the EJC protein Magoh which then associates with Aly/REF, RNPS1, DEK, and SRm160 on the spliced mRNA, and inhibits ATP turnover by eIF4AIII, thereby trapping the EJC core onto RNA. RBM8 contains an N-terminal putative bipartite nuclear localization signal, one RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), in the central region, and a C-terminal serine-arginine rich region (SR domain) and glycine-arginine rich region (RG domain).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12324     9 IFVTGVHEEAQEEDIHDKFAEFGEIKN--------LHLNLDRRTGFVKGYALVEYETKKEAQAAIEGLNGKELLGQTISV 80

                  ....*..
gi 1720367441 262 SFATRRP 268
Cdd:cd12324    81 DWAFVKG 87

RNA recognition motif in type II polyadenylate-binding proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of type II polyadenylate-binding proteins (PABPs), including polyadenylate-binding protein 2 (PABP-2 or PABPN1), embryonic polyadenylate-binding protein 2 (ePABP-2 or PABPN1L) and similar proteins. PABPs are highly conserved proteins that bind to the poly(A) tail present at the 3' ends of most eukaryotic mRNAs. They have been implicated in the regulation of poly(A) tail length during the polyadenylation reaction, translation initiation, mRNA stabilization by influencing the rate of deadenylation and inhibition of mRNA decapping. ePABP-2 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and PABP-2 is located in the nucleus. In contrast to the type I PABPs containing four copies of RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), the type II PABPs contains a single highly-conserved RRM. This subfamily also includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae RBP29 (SGN1, YIR001C) gene encoding cytoplasmic mRNA-binding protein Rbp29 that binds preferentially to poly(A). Although not essential for cell viability, Rbp29 plays a role in modulating the expression of cytoplasmic mRNA. Like other type II PABPs, Rbp29 contains one RRM only.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIktNKktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDwFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12306     2 IYVGNVDYGTTPEELQAHFKSCGTI--NR------VTILCDKFTGQPKGFAYIEFVDKSSVENALL-LNESEFRGRQIKV 72

                  .
gi 1720367441 262 S 262
Cdd:cd12306    73 T 73

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in cyclophilin-33 (Cyp33) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of Cyp33, also termed peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase E (PPIase E), or cyclophilin E, or rotamase E. Cyp33 is a nuclear RNA-binding cyclophilin with an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and a C-terminal PPIase domain. Cyp33 possesses RNA-binding activity and preferentially binds to polyribonucleotide polyA and polyU, but hardly to polyG and polyC. It binds specifically to mRNA, which can stimulate its PPIase activity. Moreover, Cyp33 interacts with the third plant homeodomain (PHD3) zinc finger cassette of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) proto-oncoprotein and a poly-A RNA sequence through its RRM domain. It further mediates downregulation of the expression of MLL target genes HOXC8, HOXA9, CDKN1B, and C-MYC, in a proline isomerase-dependent manner. Cyp33 also possesses a PPIase activity that catalyzes cis-trans isomerization of the peptide bond preceding a proline, which has been implicated in the stimulation of folding and conformational changes in folded and unfolded proteins. The PPIase activity can be inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12347     1 LYVGGLAEEVDEKVLHAAFIPFGDIVD--------IQIPLDYETEKHRGFAFVEFEEAEDAAAAIDNMNESELFGRTIRV 72

                  ...
gi 1720367441 262 SFA 264
Cdd:cd12347    73 NLA 75

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in yeast protein gar2 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of yeast protein gar2, a novel nucleolar protein required for 18S rRNA and 40S ribosomal subunit accumulation. It shares similar domain architecture with nucleolin from vertebrates and NSR1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The highly phosphorylated N-terminal domain of gar2 is made up of highly acidic regions separated from each other by basic sequences, and contains multiple phosphorylation sites. The central domain of gar2 contains two closely adjacent N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). The C-terminal RGG (or GAR) domain of gar2 is rich in glycine, arginine and phenylalanine residues.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKktgkpminLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:cd12447     1 TLFVGGLSWNVDDPWLKKEFEKYGGVISAR--------VITDRGSGRSKGYGYVDFATPEAAQKALAAMSGKEIDGRQIN 72

                  ....
gi 1720367441 261 VSFA 264
Cdd:cd12447    73 VDFS 76

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (eIF-3G) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of eIF-3G and similar proteins. eIF-3G, also termed eIF-3 subunit 4, or eIF-3-delta, or eIF3-p42, or eIF3-p44, is the RNA-binding subunit of eIF3, a large multisubunit complex that plays a central role in the initiation of translation by binding to the 40 S ribosomal subunit and promoting the binding of methionyl-tRNAi and mRNA. eIF-3G binds 18 S rRNA and beta-globin mRNA, and therefore appears to be a nonspecific RNA-binding protein. eIF-3G is one of the cytosolic targets and interacts with mature apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). eIF-3G contains one RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). This family also includes yeast eIF3-p33, a homolog of vertebrate eIF-3G, plays an important role in the initiation phase of protein synthesis in yeast. It binds both, mRNA and rRNA, fragments due to an RRM near its C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIktnkktgkPMINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:cd12408     1 TIRVTNLSEDATEEDLRELFRPFGPI--------SRVYLAKDKETGQSKGFAFVTFETREDAERAIEKLNGFGYDNLILS 72

                  ....
gi 1720367441 261 VSFA 264
Cdd:cd12408    73 VEWA 76

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in yeast protein gar2 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of yeast protein gar2, a novel nucleolar protein required for 18S rRNA and 40S ribosomal subunit accumulation. It shares similar domain architecture with nucleolin from vertebrates and NSR1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The highly phosphorylated N-terminal domain of gar2 is made up of highly acidic regions separated from each other by basic sequences, and contains multiple phosphorylation sites. The central domain of gar2 contains two closely adjacent N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). The C-terminal RGG (or GAR) domain of gar2 is rich in glycine, arginine and phenylalanine residues.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12448     1 LFVGNLPFSATQDALYEAFSQHGSIVS--------VRLPTDRETGQPKGFGYVDFSTIDSAEAAIDALGGEYIDGRPIRL 72

                  .
gi 1720367441 262 S 262
Cdd:cd12448    73 D 73

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found found in type I polyadenylate-binding proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM3 of type I poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs), highly conserved proteins that bind to the poly(A) tail present at the 3' ends of most eukaryotic mRNAs. They have been implicated in the regulation of poly(A) tail length during the polyadenylation reaction, translation initiation, mRNA stabilization by influencing the rate of deadenylation and inhibition of mRNA decapping. The family represents type I polyadenylate-binding proteins (PABPs), including polyadenylate-binding protein 1 (PABP-1 or PABPC1), polyadenylate-binding protein 3 (PABP-3 or PABPC3), polyadenylate-binding protein 4 (PABP-4 or APP-1 or iPABP), polyadenylate-binding protein 5 (PABP-5 or PABPC5), polyadenylate-binding protein 1-like (PABP-1-like or PABPC1L), polyadenylate-binding protein 1-like 2 (PABPC1L2 or RBM32), polyadenylate-binding protein 4-like (PABP-4-like or PABPC4L), yeast polyadenylate-binding protein, cytoplasmic and nuclear (PABP or ACBP-67), and similar proteins. PABP-1 is an ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein that may play a role in 3' end formation of mRNA, translation initiation, mRNA stabilization, protection of poly(A) from nuclease activity, mRNA deadenylation, inhibition of mRNA decapping, and mRNP maturation. Although PABP-1 is thought to be a cytoplasmic protein, it is also found in the nucleus. PABP-1 may be involved in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and utilization of mRNP particles. PABP-1 contains four copies of RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), a less well conserved linker region, and a proline-rich C-terminal conserved domain (CTD). PABP-3 is a testis-specific poly(A)-binding protein specifically expressed in round spermatids. It is mainly found in mammalian and may play an important role in the testis-specific regulation of mRNA homeostasis. PABP-3 shows significant sequence similarity to PABP-1. However, it binds to poly(A) with a lower affinity than PABP-1. PABP-1 possesses an A-rich sequence in its 5'-UTR and allows binding of PABP and blockage of translation of its own mRNA. In contrast, PABP-3 lacks the A-rich sequence in its 5'-UTR. PABP-4 is an inducible poly(A)-binding protein (iPABP) that is primarily localized to the cytoplasm. It shows significant sequence similarity to PABP-1 as well. The RNA binding properties of PABP-1 and PABP-4 appear to be identical. PABP-5 is encoded by PABPC5 gene within the X-specific subinterval, and expressed in fetal brain and in a range of adult tissues in mammalian, such as ovary and testis. It may play an important role in germ cell development. Moreover, unlike other PABPs, PABP-5 contains only four RRMs, but lacks both the linker region and the CTD. PABP-1-like and PABP-1-like 2 are the orthologs of PABP-1. PABP-4-like is the ortholog of PABP-5. Their cellular functions remain unclear. The family also includes the yeast PABP, a conserved poly(A) binding protein containing poly(A) tails that can be attached to the 3'-ends of mRNAs. The yeast PABP and its homologs may play important roles in the initiation of translation and in mRNA decay. Like vertebrate PABP-1, the yeast PABP contains four RRMs, a linker region, and a proline-rich CTD as well. The first two RRMs are mainly responsible for specific binding to poly(A). The proline-rich region may be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKktgkpminLYTDkDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12380     4 VYVKNFGEDVDDDELKELFEKYGKITSAK--------VMKD-DSGKSKGFGFVNFENHEAAQKAVEELNGKELNGKKLYV 74

                  ....*.
gi 1720367441 262 SFATRR 267
Cdd:cd12380    75 GRAQKK 80

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in nucleolin-like proteins mainly from plants; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of a group of plant nucleolin-like proteins, including nucleolin 1 (also termed protein nucleolin like 1) and nucleolin 2 (also termed protein nucleolin like 2, or protein parallel like 1). They play roles in the regulation of ribosome synthesis and in the growth and development of plants. Like yeast nucleolin, nucleolin-like proteins possess two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDwFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:cd12450     1 TLFVGNLSWSATQDDLENFFSDCGEVVD--------VRIAMDRDDGRSKGFGHVEFASAESAQKALE-KSGQDLGGREIR 71

                  ....*..
gi 1720367441 261 VSFATRR 267
Cdd:cd12450    72 LDLANER 78

Zn-finger in Ran binding protein and others;

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1720367441 300 KNGDWVCPnpSCGNMNFARRNSCNQCNEPRP 330
Cdd:pfam00641   1 REGDWDCS--KCLVQNFATSTKCVACQAPKP 29

Zinc finger domain; Zinc finger domain in Ran-binding proteins (RanBPs), and other proteins. In RanBPs, this domain binds RanGDP.

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1720367441  302 GDWVCPnpSCGNMNFARRNSCNQCNEP 328
Cdd:smart00547   1 GDWECP--ACTFLNFASRSKCFACGAP 25

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in yeast nuclear polyadenylated RNA-binding protein 4 (Hrp1p or Nab4p) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of Hrp1p and similar proteins. Hrp1p or Nab4p, also termed cleavage factor IB (CFIB), is a sequence-specific trans-acting factor that is essential for mRNA 3'-end formation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It can be UV cross-linked to RNA and specifically recognizes the (UA)6 RNA element required for both, the cleavage and poly(A) addition steps. Moreover, Hrp1p can shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and play an additional role in the export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. Hrp1p also interacts with Rna15p and Rna14p, two components of CF1A. In addition, Hrp1p functions as a factor directly involved in modulating the activity of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway; it binds specifically to a downstream sequence element (DSE)-containing RNA and interacts with Upf1p, a component of the surveillance complex, further triggering the NMD pathway. Hrp1p contains two central RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and an arginine-glycine-rich region harboring repeats of the sequence RGGF/Y.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDwFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12330     2 IFVGGLAPDVTEEEFKEYFEQFGTVVD--------AVVMLDHDTGRSRGFGFVTFDSESAVEKVLS-KGFHELGGKKVEV 72

                  ....*.
gi 1720367441 262 SFATRR 267
Cdd:cd12330    73 KRATPK 78

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae nucleolar protein 6 (Nop6) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of Nop6, also known as Ydl213c, a component of 90S pre-ribosomal particles in yeast S. cerevisiae. It is enriched in the nucleolus and is required for 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. Nop6 is a non-essential putative RNA-binding protein with two N-terminal putative nuclear localisation sequences (NLS-1 and NLS-2) and an RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). It binds to the pre-rRNA early during transcription and plays an essential role in pre-rRNA processing.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 180 NTIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDwFDGKEFHGNII 259
Cdd:cd12400     1 YILFVGNLPYDTTAEDLKEHFKKAGEPPS--------VRLLTDKKTGKSKGCAFVEFDNQKALQKALK-LHHTSLGGRKI 71

                  ..
gi 1720367441 260 KV 261
Cdd:cd12400    72 NV 73

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in yeast nucleolar protein 3 (Npl3p) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of Npl3p, also termed mitochondrial targeting suppressor 1 protein, or nuclear polyadenylated RNA-binding protein 1. Npl3p is a major yeast RNA-binding protein that competes with 3'-end processing factors, such as Rna15, for binding to the nascent RNA, protecting the transcript from premature termination and coordinating transcription termination and the packaging of the fully processed transcript for export. It specifically recognizes a class of G/U-rich RNAs. Npl3p is a multi-domain protein containing two central RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), separated by a short linker and a C-terminal domain rich in glycine, arginine and serine residues.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKktgkpMINlytdkdtgkPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12340     2 LFVRPFPPDTSESAIREIFSPYGPVKEVK-----MLS---------DSNFAFVEFEELEDAIRAKDSVHGRVLNNEPLYV 67

                  ..
gi 1720367441 262 SF 263
Cdd:cd12340    68 TY 69

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in splicing regulatory glutamine/lysine-rich protein 1 (SREK1) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of SREK1, also termed serine/arginine-rich-splicing regulatory protein 86-kDa (SRrp86), or splicing factor arginine/serine-rich 12 (SFRS12), or splicing regulatory protein 508 amino acid (SRrp508). SREK1 belongs to a family of proteins containing regions rich in serine-arginine dipeptides (SR proteins family), which is involved in bridge-complex formation and splicing by mediating protein-protein interactions across either introns or exons. It is a unique SR family member and it may play a crucial role in determining tissue specific patterns of alternative splicing. SREK1 can alter splice site selection by both positively and negatively modulating the activity of other SR proteins. For instance, SREK1 can activate SRp20 and repress SC35 in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SREK1 contains two (some contain only one) RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and two serine-arginine (SR)-rich domains (SR domains) separated by an unusual glutamic acid-lysine (EK) rich region. The RRM and SR domains are highly conserved among other members of the SR superfamily. However, the EK domain is unique to SREK1. It plays a modulatory role controlling SR domain function by involvement in the inhibition of both constitutive and alternative splicing and in the selection of splice-site.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKKTGKPminlytdkdtGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDwFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:cd12260     6 TVYVGNLDPSTTADQLLEFFSQAGEVKYVRMAGDE----------TQPTRYAFVEFAEQTSVINALK-LNGKMFGGRPLK 74

                  ....*
gi 1720367441 261 VSFAT 265
Cdd:cd12260    75 VNHSN 79

RNA recognition motif in negative elongation factor E (NELF-E) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of NELF-E, also termed RNA-binding protein RD. NELF-E is the RNA-binding subunit of cellular negative transcription elongation factor NELF (negative elongation factor) involved in transcriptional regulation of HIV-1 by binding to the stem of the viral transactivation-response element (TAR) RNA which is synthesized by cellular RNA polymerase II at the viral long terminal repeat. NELF is a heterotetrameric protein consisting of NELF A, B, C or the splice variant D, and E. NELF-E contains an RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). It plays a role in the control of HIV transcription by binding to TAR RNA. In addition, NELF-E is associated with the NELF-B subunit, probably via a leucine zipper motif.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 180 NTIFVQGlgEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIktnkktgkpmINLYTDKdtgkPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNII 259
Cdd:cd12305     5 NTVYVSG--YGITEDVLKKAFSPFGNI----------INISMEI----EKNCAFVTFEKMESADQAIAELNGTTVEGVQL 68

                  ....*..
gi 1720367441 260 KVSFATR 266
Cdd:cd12305    69 KVSIARR 75

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in cleavage stimulation factor subunit 2 (CSTF2), cleavage stimulation factor subunit 2 tau variant (CSTF2T) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM domain of CSTF2, its tau variant and eukaryotic homologs. CSTF2, also termed cleavage stimulation factor 64 kDa subunit (CstF64), is the vertebrate conterpart of yeast mRNA 3'-end-processing protein RNA15. It is expressed in all somatic tissues and is one of three cleavage stimulatory factor (CstF) subunits required for polyadenylation. CstF64 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), a CstF77-binding domain, a repeated MEARA helical region and a conserved C-terminal domain reported to bind the transcription factor PC-4. During polyadenylation, CstF interacts with the pre-mRNA through the RRM of CstF64 at U- or GU-rich sequences within 10 to 30 nucleotides downstream of the cleavage site. CSTF2T, also termed tauCstF64, is a paralog of the X-linked cleavage stimulation factor CstF64 protein that supports polyadenylation in most somatic cells. It is expressed during meiosis and subsequent haploid differentiation in a more limited set of tissues and cell types, largely in meiotic and postmeiotic male germ cells, and to a lesser extent in brain. The loss of CSTF2T will cause male infertility, as it is necessary for spermatogenesis and fertilization. Moreover, CSTF2T is required for expression of genes involved in morphological differentiation of spermatids, as well as for genes having products that function during interaction of motile spermatozoa with eggs. It promotes germ cell-specific patterns of polyadenylation by using its RRM to bind to different sequence elements downstream of polyadenylation sites than does CstF64.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKktgkpminLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:cd12671     8 SVFVGNIPYEATEEQLKDIFSEVGPVVSFR--------LVYDRETGKPKGYGFCEYQDQETALSAMRNLNGYELNGRALR 79

                  ....*.
gi 1720367441 261 VSFATR 266
Cdd:cd12671    80 VDNAAS 85

glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 4; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKktgkpminLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:PLN03134   37 LFIGGLSWGTDDASLRDAFAHFGDVVDAK--------VIVDRETGRSRGFGFVNFNDEGAATAAISEMDGKELNGRHIRV 108

                  ....*..
gi 1720367441 262 SFATRRP 268
Cdd:PLN03134  109 NPANDRP 115

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in the Aly/REF family; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of Aly/REF family which includes THO complex subunit 4 (THOC4, also termed Aly/REF), S6K1 Aly/REF-like target (SKAR, also termed PDIP3 or PDIP46) and similar proteins. THOC4 is an mRNA transporter protein with a well conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). It is involved in RNA transportation from the nucleus, and was initially identified as a transcription coactivator of LEF-1 and AML-1 for the TCRalpha enhancer function. In addition, THOC4 specifically binds to rhesus (RH) promoter in erythroid, and might be a novel transcription cofactor for erythroid-specific genes. SKAR shows high sequence homology with THOC4 and possesses one RRM as well. SKAR is widely expressed and localizes to the nucleus. It may be a critical player in the function of S6K1 in cell and organism growth control by binding the activated, hyperphosphorylated form of S6K1 but not S6K2. Furthermore, SKAR functions as a protein partner of the p50 subunit of DNA polymerase delta. In addition, SKAR may have particular importance in pancreatic beta cell size determination and insulin secretion.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGiiktnkktgkPMINLYTDKD-TGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNII 259
Cdd:cd12418     2 RVRVSNLHPDVTEEDLRELFGRVG----------PVKSVKINYDrSGRSTGTAYVVFERPEDAEKAIKQFDGVLLDGQPM 71

                  ..
gi 1720367441 260 KV 261
Cdd:cd12418    72 KV 73

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70 kDa (U1-70K) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of U1-70K, also termed snRNP70, a key component of the U1 snRNP complex, which is one of the key factors facilitating the splicing of pre-mRNA via interaction at the 5' splice site, and is involved in regulation of polyadenylation of some viral and cellular genes, enhancing or inhibiting efficient poly(A) site usage. U1-70K plays an essential role in targeting the U1 snRNP to the 5' splice site through protein-protein interactions with regulatory RNA-binding splicing factors, such as the RS protein ASF/SF2. Moreover, U1-70K protein can specifically bind to stem-loop I of the U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA) contained in the U1 snRNP complex. It also mediates the binding of U1C, another U1-specific protein, to the U1 snRNP complex. U1-70K contains a conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), followed by an adjacent glycine-rich region at the N-terminal half, and two serine/arginine-rich (SR) domains at the C-terminal half. The RRM is responsible for the binding of stem-loop I of U1 snRNA molecule. Additionally, the most prominent immunodominant region that can be recognized by auto-antibodies from autoimmune patients may be located within the RRM. The SR domains are involved in protein-protein interaction with SR proteins that mediate 5' splice site recognition. For instance, the first SR domain is necessary and sufficient for ASF/SF2 Binding. The family also includes Drosophila U1-70K that is an essential splicing factor required for viability in flies, but its SR domain is dispensable. The yeast U1-70k doesn't contain easily recognizable SR domains and shows low sequence similarity in the RRM region with other U1-70k proteins and therefore not included in this family. The RRM domain is dispensable for yeast U1-70K function.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 180 NTIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNII 259
Cdd:cd12236     2 KTLFVARLSYDTTESKLRREFEKYGPIKR--------VRLVRDKKTGKSRGYAFIEFEHERDMKAAYKHADGKKIDGRRV 73

                  ....
gi 1720367441 260 KVSF 263
Cdd:cd12236    74 LVDV 77

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in the Hu proteins family; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of the Hu proteins family which represents a group of RNA-binding proteins involved in diverse biological processes. Since the Hu proteins share high homology with the Drosophila embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) protein, the Hu family is sometimes referred to as the ELAV family. Drosophila ELAV is exclusively expressed in neurons and is required for the correct differentiation and survival of neurons in flies. The neuronal members of the Hu family include Hu-antigen B (HuB or ELAV-2 or Hel-N1), Hu-antigen C (HuC or ELAV-3 or PLE21), and Hu-antigen D (HuD or ELAV-4), which play important roles in neuronal differentiation, plasticity and memory. HuB is also expressed in gonads. Hu-antigen R (HuR or ELAV-1 or HuA) is the ubiquitously expressed Hu family member. It has a variety of biological functions mostly related to the regulation of cellular response to DNA damage and other types of stress. HuR has an anti-apoptotic function during early cell stress response. It binds to mRNAs and enhances the expression of several anti-apoptotic proteins, such as p21waf1, p53, and prothymosin alpha. HuR also has pro-apoptotic function by promoting apoptosis when cell death is unavoidable. Furthermore, HuR may be important in muscle differentiation, adipogenesis, suppression of inflammatory response and modulation of gene expression in response to chronic ethanol exposure and amino acid starvation. Hu proteins perform their cytoplasmic and nuclear molecular functions by coordinately regulating functionally related mRNAs. In the cytoplasm, Hu proteins recognize and bind to AU-rich RNA elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of certain target mRNAs, such as GAP-43, vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), the glucose transporter GLUT1, eotaxin and c-fos, and stabilize those ARE-containing mRNAs. They also bind and regulate the translation of some target mRNAs, such as neurofilament M, GLUT1, and p27. In the nucleus, Hu proteins function as regulators of polyadenylation and alternative splicing. Each Hu protein contains three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). RRM1 and RRM2 may cooperate in binding to an ARE. RRM3 may help to maintain the stability of the RNA-protein complex, and might also bind to poly(A) tails or be involved in protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 184 VQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKTNKktgkpminLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKVSF 263
Cdd:cd12650     5 VNYLPQNMTQDEIRSLFSSIGEIESCK--------LIRDKVTGQSLGYGFVNYVDPSDAEKAINTLNGLRLQNKTIKVSY 76

                  .
gi 1720367441 264 A 264
Cdd:cd12650    77 A 77

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of two serine/arginine (SR) proteins, serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7 (SRSF7). SRSF3, also termed pre-mRNA-splicing factor SRp20, modulates alternative splicing by interacting with RNA cis-elements in a concentration- and cell differentiation-dependent manner. It is also involved in termination of transcription, alternative RNA polyadenylation, RNA export, and protein translation. SRSF3 is critical for cell proliferation, and tumor induction and maintenance. It can shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. SRSF7, also termed splicing factor 9G8, plays a crucial role in both constitutive splicing and alternative splicing of many pre-mRNAs. Its localization and functions are tightly regulated by phosphorylation. SRSF7 is predominantly present in the nuclear and can shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. It cooperates with the export protein, Tap/NXF1, helps mRNA export to the cytoplasm, and enhances the expression of unspliced mRNA. Moreover, SRSF7 inhibits tau E10 inclusion through directly interacting with the proximal downstream intron of E10, a clustering region for frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism (FTDP) mutations. Both SRSF3 and SRSF7 contain a single N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and a C-terminal RS domain rich in serine-arginine dipeptides. The RRM domain is involved in RNA binding, and the RS domain has been implicated in protein shuttling and protein-protein interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 182 IFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGiiktnkktgkPMINLYTDKdtgKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKV 261
Cdd:cd12373     2 VYVGNLGPRVTKRELEDAFEKYG----------PLRNVWVAR---NPPGFAFVEFEDPRDAEDAVRALDGRRICGSRVRV 68

                  ....*
gi 1720367441 262 SFATR 266
Cdd:cd12373    69 ELSRG 73

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in vertebrate RNA-binding protein RBM23, RBM39 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of RBM39 (also termed HCC1), a nuclear autoantigen that contains an N-terminal arginine/serine rich (RS) motif and three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). An octapeptide sequence called the RS-ERK motif is repeated six times in the RS region of RBM39. Although the cellular function of RBM23 remains unclear, it shows high sequence homology to RBM39 and contains two RRMs. It may possibly function as a pre-mRNA splicing factor.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1720367441 217 INLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDWFDGKEFHGNIIKVSFATRR 267
Cdd:cd12284    28 VQLQKDPETGRSKGYGFIQFRDAEDAKKALEQLNGFELAGRPMKVGHVTER 78

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF-4B) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of eIF-4B, a multi-domain RNA-binding protein that has been primarily implicated in promoting the binding of 40S ribosomal subunits to mRNA during translation initiation. It contains two RNA-binding domains; the N-terminal well-conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), binds the 18S rRNA of the 40S ribosomal subunit and the C-terminal basic domain (BD), including two arginine-rich motifs (ARMs), binds mRNA during initiation, and is primarily responsible for the stimulation of the helicase activity of eIF-4A. eIF-4B also contains a DRYG domain (a region rich in Asp, Arg, Tyr, and Gly amino acids) in the middle, which is responsible for both, self-association of eIF-4B and binding to the p170 subunit of eIF3. Additional research indicates that eIF-4B can interact with the poly(A) binding protein (PABP) in mammalian cells, which can stimulate both, the eIF-4B-mediated activation of the helicase activity of eIF-4A and binding of poly(A) by PABP. eIF-4B has also been shown to interact specifically with the internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) of several picornaviruses which facilitate cap-independent translation initiation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1720367441 181 TIFVQGLGEGVSTDQVGEFFKQIGIIKtnkktgkpmINLYTDKDTGKPKGEATVSFDDPPSAKAAIDwFDGKEFHGNIIK 260
Cdd:cd12402     4 TAYLGNLPYDVTEDDIEDFFRGLNISS---------VRLPRENGPGRLRGFGYVEFEDRESLIQALS-LNEESLKNRRIR 73