PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1907135984   24 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15574      1 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1907135984   24 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15574      1 GCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGHGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

PHD-like zinc-binding domain; The members of this family are annotated as containing PHD domain, but the zinc-binding region here is not typical of PHD domains. The conformation here is a well-conserved cysteine-histidine rich region spanning 90 residues, where the Cys and His are arranged as HxxC(31)CxxC(6)CxxCxxxxCxxxxHxxC (21)CxxH.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1907135984   71 CESQERAARVTCYICDEQgreskaaTGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCEEEGngaDNVQYCGYCKYH 142
Cdd:pfam13771   27 EKIPKRRWKLKCYLCKKK-------GGACIQCSKKNCRRAFHVTCALEAGLLMQFDE---DNGTFKSYCKKH 88

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSdeRGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGI----VQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:pfam00628    2 CAVCG--KSDDGGELVQCDG--CDDWFHLACLGPpldpAEIPSGEWLCPEC 48

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984    81 TCYICDEqgresKAATGACMTCnkHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCEEEGNgadnvQYCGYC 139
Cdd:smart00249    1 YCSVCGK-----PDDGGELLQC--DGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLEEEPDGK-----WYCPKC 47

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukaemia) oncogene in leukaemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated protein SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984   74 QERAARvTCYICDEQGRESKAATGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCEEEGNGADNVQYCGYCKYH 142
Cdd:cd15672     49 QDRFNK-TCYICEEQGRESKASTGACMQCNKSGCKQSFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEAGNYSDNVKYCGYCSYH 116

Extended PHD finger found in protein AF-17 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of AF-17. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as a translocation partner of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. AF-17 contains an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1907135984   81 TCYICDEQGRESKAATGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCEEEGNGADNVQYCGYCKYHFSKLK 147
Cdd:cd15709     59 TCYICEEQGRESKAASGACMTCNRHGCRQAFHVTCAQMAGLLCEEEVLEVDNVKYCGYCKYHFNKMK 125

PHD finger found in BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10, AF-17, and similar proteins; The family includes BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10 and AF-17. BRPF proteins are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. Jade proteins are required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6, to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. All Jade proteins, AF-10, and AF-17 contain a canonical PHD finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger. This model corresponds to the canonical PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15492      2 CDVCLDGESEDDNEIVFCDG--CNVAVHQSCYGIPLIPEGDWFCRKC 46

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX3, ATX4, ATX5, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX3 (also termed protein SET domain group 14, or trithorax-homolog protein 3), ATX4 (also termed protein SET domain group 16, or trithorax-homolog protein 4) and ATX5 (also termed protein SET domain group 29, or trithorax-homolog protein 5), which belong to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. They show distinct phylogenetic origins from the ATX1 and ATX2 family. They are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghGCSVAVHQACYGIVQV-PTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15495      2 CAVCNEGEDDDNNPLITCN--RCQISVHQKCYGIREVdPDGSWVCRAC 47

PHD zinc finger-containing protein [General function prediction only];

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1907135984   20 EMIGGCCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC---------------------------- 71
Cdd:COG5141    191 EFDDICTKCTSTHNENSNAIVFCDG--CEICVHQSCYGIQFLPEGFWLCRKCiygeyqirccsfcpssdgafkqtsdgrw 268

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1907135984   72 --------------------ESQERAARVT-------CYICDEQGreskaatGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGL--L 122
Cdd:COG5141    269 ghvicamfnpelsfghllskDPIDNIASVSssrwklgCLICKEFG-------GTCIQCSYFNCTRAYHVTCARRAGYfdL 341

                          170       180
                   ....*....|....*....|..
gi 1907135984  123 CEEEGNG-ADNVQYCGYCKYHF 143
Cdd:COG5141    342 NIYSHNGiSYCIDHEPLCRKHY 363

PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15680      2 CDVCRSPEGEDGNEMVFCDK--CNVCVHQACYGILKVPTGSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing (BRPF) proteins; The family of BRPF proteins includes BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2, and BRPF3. They are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15572      4 CCICLDGECQNSNVILFCDM--CNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRRC 48

PHD finger found in protein Jade-1 and similar proteins; Jade-1, also termed PHD finger protein 17 (PHF17), is a novel binding partner of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor Pvhl, a key regulator of the cellular oxygen sensing pathway. It is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules. Jade-1 functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. It may be involved in the serine/threonine kinase AKT/AKT1 pathway during renal cancer pathogenesis and normally prevents renal epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. It also acts as a pro-apoptotic and growth suppressive ubiquitin ligase to inhibit canonical Wnt downstream effector beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation, and as a transcription factor associated with histone acetyltransferase activity and with increased abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Moreover, Jade-1 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex, and plays a role in epithelial cell regeneration. It has also been identified as a novel component of the nephrocystin protein (NPHP) complex and interacts with the ciliary protein nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4). Jade-1 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15679      2 CDVCQSPDGEDGNEMVFCDK--CNICVHQACYGILKVPEGSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 2 (BRPF2) and similar proteins; BRPF2, also termed bromodomain-containing protein 1 (BRD1), or BR140-like protein, is encoded by BRL (BR140 Like gene). It is responsible for the bulk of the acetylation of H3K14 and forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with HBO1 and ING4. The complex is required for full transcriptional activation of the erythroid-specific regulator genes essential for terminal differentiation and survival of erythroblasts in fetal liver. BRPF2 shows widespread expression and localizes to the nucleus within spermatocytes. It contains a cysteine rich region harboring a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15677      4 CCICMDGECQNSNVILFCDM--CNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRHC 48

Extended PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of PHF14. PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and this non-canonical ePHD finger. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1907135984   81 TCYICDEQgRESKaaTGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCEEEGNGADNVQYCGYCKYH 142
Cdd:cd15674     56 ECSLCEDP-RFAR--TGVCISCDAGMCKSYFHVTCAQREGLLSEATDEEDIADPFYAYCKQH 114

Extended PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 3 (BRPF3) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of BRPF3. BRF3 is a homolog of BRPF1 and BRPF2. It is a scaffold protein that forms a novel monocytic leukemic zinc finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex with other regulatory subunits. BRPF3 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPlvyCDGHG----CSVAVHQACY----------GIVQVPTGPWfcrkcesqeraaRVTCYICDEQGR 90
Cdd:cd15703      1 CVLCPNKGGAFKQT---SDGRWahvvCAIWIPEVCFantvflepveGVNNIPPARW------------KLTCYLCKQKGR 65

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984   91 eskaatGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLC------EEEGNGAD-NVQYCGYCKYH 142
Cdd:cd15703     66 ------GAAIQCHKVNCYTAFHVTCAQRAGLFMkiepvrETGLNGTTfTVRKTAYCENH 118

Extended PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of BRPF1. BRPF1, also termed peregrin, or protein Br140, is a multi-domain protein that binds histones, mediates monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ) -dependent histone acetylation, and is required for Hox gene expression and segmental identity. It is a close partner of the MOZ histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex and a novel Trithorax group (TrxG) member with a central role during development. BRPF1 is primarily a nuclear protein that has a broad tissue distribution and is abundant in testes and spermatogonia. It contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. This PHD finger binds to methylated lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me), the bromodomain interacts with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and the PWWP domain shows histone-binding and chromatin association properties. BRPF1 may be involved in chromatin remodeling.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1907135984   47 CSVAVHQACYG----------IVQVPTGPWfcrkcesqeraaRVTCYICDEQGreskaaTGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCA 116
Cdd:cd15701     24 CALWIPEVCFAntvflepidsIEHIPPARW------------KLTCYICKQRG------SGACIQCHKANCYTAFHVTCA 85

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1907135984  117 QFAGLLCEEE------GNGAD-NVQYCGYCKYH 142
Cdd:cd15701     86 QQAGLYMKMEpvretgANGTSfSVRKTAYCDIH 118

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1907135984   37 NPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTG-PWFCRKC 71
Cdd:pfam13831    2 SPLVYCSK--CSVQVHASCYGVPPIPDGdGWKCRRC 35

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1907135984    25 CCVCSDERGWAEnpLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGI---VQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:smart00249    2 CSVCGKPDDGGE--LLQCDG--CDRWYHQTCLGPpllEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD finger 1 found in metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2); MTF2, also termed metal regulatory transcription factor 2, or metal-response element DNA-binding protein M96, or polycomb-like protein 2 (PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghGCSVAVHQACY-----GIVQVPTGPWFCRKCES 73
Cdd:cd15578      2 CTVCQDGSSESPNEIVLCD--KCGQGYHQLCHnpkidSSVLDPDVPWLCRQCVF 53

PHD finger 1 found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins MTF2, PHF19, and similar proteins; The family includes two PCL family proteins, metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are homologs of PHD finger protein1 (PHF1). PCL family proteins are accessory components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex and all contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. They specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD finger-containing proteins, the first PHD fingers of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the Tudor domain binding to histones. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACY-----GIVQVPTGPWFCRKCE 72
Cdd:cd15499      2 CSICGGAEARDGNEILICDK--CDKGYHQLCHspkvrTSPLEGDEKWFCSRCV 52

Extended PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana ATX1, -2, and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This subfamily includes the ePHD finger of A. thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like proteins ATX1, -2, and similar proteins. ATX1 and -2 are sister paralogs originating from a segmental chromosomal duplication; they are plant counterparts of the Drosophila melanogaster trithorax (TRX) and mammalian mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) proteins. ATX1 (also known as protein SET domain group 27, or trithorax-homolog protein 1/TRX-homolog protein 1), is a methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It also acts as a histone modifier and as a positive effector of gene expression. ATX1 regulates transcription from diverse classes of genes implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. It is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. ATX2 (also known as protein SET domain group 30, or trithorax-homolog protein 2/TRX-homolog protein 2), is involved in dimethylating histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). ATX1 and ATX2 are multi-domain proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, FYRN- and FYRC (DAST, domain associated with SET in trithorax) domains, a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a C-terminal SET domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984   79 RVTCYICdeqgresKAATGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCE-----EEGNGADNVQYCGYCKYH 142
Cdd:cd15662     54 ELSCTIC-------KQRYGACIQCSNNSCRVAYHPLCARAAGLCMEvadegGEDPGDQGLRLLSYCPRH 115

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984    81 TCYICDEqgresKAATGACMTCnkHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCEEEGNgadnvQYCGYC 139
Cdd:smart00249    1 YCSVCGK-----PDDGGELLQC--DGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLEEEPDGK-----WYCPKC 47

Extended PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2B. JMJD2B, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4B (KDM4B), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3B (JHDM3B), specifically antagonizes the trimethyl group from H3K9 in pericentric heterochromatin and reduces H3K36 methylation in mammalian cells. It plays an essential role in the growth regulation of cancer cells by modulating the G1-S transition and promotes cell-cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). It interacts with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its stability can be regulated by Hsp90. JMJD2B also functions as a direct transcriptional target of p53, which induces its expression through promoter binding. Moreover, JMJD2B expression can be controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) in colorectal cancer and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in breast cancer. It is also involved in bladder, lung, and gastric cancer. JMJD2B contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1907135984   75 ERAARVTCYICDeqgRESKAATGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCE 124
Cdd:cd15714     49 EQRWKLKCVYCR---KRMKKVSGACIQCSYDHCSTSFHVTCAHAAGVVME 95

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX1, ATX2, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX1 and ATX2, both of which are sister paralogs originating from a segmental chromosomal duplication. They are plant counterparts of the Drosophila melanogaster trithorax (TRX) and mammalian mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) proteins. ATX1, also termed protein SET domain group 27, or trithorax-homolog protein 1 (TRX-homolog protein 1), is a methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It also acts as a histone modifier and as a positive effector of gene expression. ATX1regulates transcription from diverse classes of genes implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. It is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways. ATX2, also termed protein SET domain group 30, or trithorax-homolog protein 2 (TRX-homolog protein 2), is involved in dimethylating histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me2). Both ATX1 and ATX2 are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, FYRN- and FYRC (DAST, domain associated with SET in trithorax) domains, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGP-WFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15494      2 CSVCGEDEEYEDNLLLQCDK--CRMMVHMRCYGVLEPPPGAlWLCNLC 47

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-1 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-1. Jade-1, also termed PHD finger protein 17 (PHF17), is a novel binding partner of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor Pvhl, a key regulator of cellular oxygen sensing pathway. It is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules. Jade-1 functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. It may be involved in the Serine/threonine kinase AKT/AKT1 pathway during renal cancer pathogenesis and normally prevents renal epithelial cell proliferation and transformation. It also acts as a pro-apoptotic and growth suppressive ubiquitin ligase to inhibit canonical Wnt downstream effector beta-catenin for proteasomal degradation and ASA transcription factor associated with histone acetyltransferase activity and with increased abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Moreover, Jade-1 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex, and plays a role in epithelial cell regeneration. It has also been identified as a novel component of the nephrocystin protein (NPHP) complex and interacts with the ciliary protein nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4). Jade-1 contains a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1907135984   80 VTCYICDEQgreskaaTGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCEEEGNGADNVQYCGYCKYHFS 144
Cdd:cd15704     59 LVCSLCNEK-------VGASIQCSVKNCRTAFHVTCAFDRGLEMKTILAENDEVKFKSYCPKHSS 116

Extended PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of Jade-2. Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical PHD finger followed by this non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which are zinc-binding motifs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1907135984   80 VTCYICDEqgreskaATGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLLCEEEGNGADNVQYCGYCKYH 142
Cdd:cd15705     56 LSCSLCKE-------CTGTCIQCSMPSCITAFHVTCAFDHGLEMRTTLADNDEVKFKSFCLEH 111

Extended PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 7 (PHF7) and G2/M phase-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (G2E3); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of PHF7 and G2E3. PHF7, also termed testis development protein NYD-SP6, is a testis-specific PHD finger-containing protein that associates with chromatin and binds histone H3 N-terminal tails with a preference for dimethyl lysine 4 (H3K4me2). It may play an important role in stimulating transcription involved in testicular development and/or spermatogenesis. PHF7 contains a PHD finger and a non-canonical ePHD finger, both of which may be involved in activating transcriptional regulation. G2E3 is a dual function ubiquitin ligase (E3) that may play a possible role in cell cycle regulation and the cellular response to DNA damage. It is essential for prevention of apoptosis in early embryogenesis. It is also a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein with DNA damage responsive localization. G2E3 contains two distinct RING-like ubiquitin ligase domains that catalyze lysine 48-linked polyubiquitination, and a C-terminal catalytic HECT domain that plays an important role in ubiquitin ligase activity and in the dynamic subcellular localization of the protein. The RING-like ubiquitin ligase domains consist of a PHD finger and an ePHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1907135984   75 ERAARVTCYICDEqgreskaaTGACMTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQfagllceeeGNGADNvQYCG----YCKYH 142
Cdd:cd15669     59 RRASRLRCFYCKK--------KGASIGCAVKGCRRSFHFPCGL---------ENGCVT-QFFGeyrsFCWEH 112

Extended PHD finger (ePHD) found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2A (JMJD2A); The extended plant homeodomain (ePHD) zinc finger is characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. This model includes the ePHD finger of JMJD2A. JMJD2A, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A), or JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A (JHDM3A), catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. It is involved in carcinogenesis and functions as a transcription regulator that may either stimulate or repress gene transcription. It associates with nuclear receptor co-repressor complex or histone deacetylases. Moreover, JMJD2A forms complexes with both the androgen and estrogen receptor (ER) and plays an essential role in growth of both ER-positive and -negative breast tumors. It is also involved in prostate, colon, and lung cancer progression. JMJD2A contains jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a canonical PHD finger, this non-canonical ePHD finger, and a Tudor domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSdERGWA-----ENPLVYCdghGCSVAVHQACYgIVQVPTGPWFCRKCESQEraARVTCYICDeqgRESKAATGAC 99
Cdd:cd15713      1 CCLCS-LRGGAlqranDDKWVHV---MCAVAVLEARF-VNIAERSPVDVSKIPLQR--FKLKCIFCK---KRRKRTAGCC 70

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|...
gi 1907135984  100 MTCNKHGCRQAFHVTCAQFAGLL 122
Cdd:cd15713     71 VQCSHGRCPTSFHASCAQAAGVM 93

PHD finger found in Jumonji domain-containing protein 2 (JMJD2) family of histone demethylases; JMJD2 proteins, also termed lysine-specific demethylase 4 histone demethylases (KDM4), have been implicated in various cellular processes including DNA damage response, transcription, cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, senescence, and carcinogenesis. They selectively catalyze the demethylation of di- and trimethylated H3K9 and H3K36. This model contains only three JMJD2 proteins, JMJD2A-C, which all contain jmjN and jmjC domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a Tudor domain. JMJD2D is not included in this family, since it lacks both PHD and Tudor domains and has a different substrate specificity. JMJD2A-C are required for efficient cancer cell growth. This model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERgwaenpLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIVQVP--TGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15493      2 CAICSLFR------LLVCSR--CCVCVHASCYGVPDIPgdGEGWKCDRC 42

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein1 (PHF1); PHF1, also termed polycomb-like protein 1 (PCL1), together with JARID2 and AEBP2, associates with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF1 is essential in epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. It acts as a dual reader of Lysine trimethylation at Lysine 36 of Histone H3 and Lysine 27 of Histone variant H3t. PHF1 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. Its Tudor domain selectively binds to histone H3K36me3. Moreover, PHF1 is required for efficient H3K27me3 and Hox gene silencing. It can mediate deposition of the repressive H3K27me3 mark and acts as a cofactor in early DNA-damage response. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDghGCSVAVHQACYgivqVPTGP---------WFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15500      2 CCVCDSETVSPKNPLVNCE--KCHHAYHQECH----VPRVPlesagdgdsWMCRQC 51

PHD finger 2 found in monocytic leukemia zinc-finger protein (MOZ) and its factor (MORF); MOZ, also termed histone acetyltransferase KAT6A, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 3 (MYST-3), or runt-related transcription factor-binding protein 2, or zinc finger protein 220, is a MYST-type histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that functions as a coactivator for acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein (AML1)- and p53-dependent transcription. It possesses intrinsic HAT activity to acetylate both itself and lysine (K) residues on histone H2B, histone H3 (K14) and histone H4 (K5, K8, K12 and K16) in vitro and H3K9 in vivo. MOZ-related factor (MORF), also termed MOZ2, or histone acetyltransferase KAT6B, or MOZ, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 4 (MYST4), is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator with intrinsic HAT activity. It can interact with the Runt-domain transcription factor Runx2 and form a tetrameric complex with BRPFs, ING5, and EAF6. Both MOZ and MORF are catalytic subunits of HAT complexes that are required for normal developmental programs, such as hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and skeletogenesis, and are also implicated in human leukemias. MOZ is also the catalytic subunit of a tetrameric inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) complex, which specifically acetylates nucleosomal histone H3K14. Moreover, MOZ and MORF are involved in regulating transcriptional activation mediated by Runx2 (or Cbfa1), a Runt-domain transcription factor known to play important roles in T cell lymphomagenesis and bone development, and its homologs. MOZ contains a linker histone 1 and histone 5 domains and two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. In contrast, MORF contains an N-terminal region containing two PHD fingers, a putative HAT domain, an acidic region, and a C-terminal Ser/Met-rich domain. The family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCsDERGWAENpLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYG--IVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15527      2 CSVC-QDSGNADN-LLFCDA--CDKGFHMECHDppLTRMPKGKWVCQIC 46

PHD finger 1 found in autoimmune regulator (AIRE); AIRE, also termed autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) protein, functions as a regulator of gene transcription in the thymus. It is essential for prevention of autoimmunity. AIRE plays a critical role in the induction of central tolerance. It promotes self-tolerance through tissue-specific antigen (TSA) expression. It also acts as an active regulator of chondrocyte differentiation. AIRE contains a homogeneously-staining region (HSR) or caspase-recruitment domain (CARD), a nuclear localization signal (NLS), a SAND (for Sp100, AIRE, nuclear phosphoprotein 41/75 or NucP41/75, and deformed epidermal auto regulatory factor 1 or Deaf1) domain, two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and four LXXLL (where L stands for leucine) motifs. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger that recognizes the unmethylated tail of histone H3 and targets AIRE-dependent genes.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDErgwaeNPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYG--IVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15539      2 CAVCGDG-----GELLCCDG--CPRAFHLACLVppLTLIPSGTWRCSSC 43

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein BAZ1A and BAZ1B; BAZ1A, also termed ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein, or ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor 1 (ACF1), or CHRAC subunit ACF1, or Williams syndrome transcription factor-related chromatin-remodeling factor 180 (WCRF180), or WALp1, is a subunit of the conserved imitation switch (ISWI)-family ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF)/chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC) chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for DNA replication through heterochromatin. It alters the remodeling properties of the ATPase motor protein sucrose nonfermenting-2 homolog (SNF2H). Moreover, BAZ1A and its complexes play important roles in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. It is essential for averting improper gene expression during spermatogenesis. It also regulates transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. BAZ1B, also termed Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B, or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 10 protein, Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 9 protein, or WALp2, is a multifunctional protein implicated in several nuclear processes, including replication, transcription, and the DNA damage response. BAZ1B/WSTF, together with the imitation switch (ISWI) ATPase, forms a WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex (WICH), which transiently associates with the human inactive X chromosome (Xi) during late S-phase prior to BRCA1 and gamma-H2AX. Moreover, BAZ1B/WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) forms the chromatin remodeling complex B-WICH that is involved in regulating rDNA transcription. Both BAZ1A and BAZ1B contain a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSdERGWAENpLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACY--GIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15544      2 CKVCR-KKGDPDN-MILCDG--CDKAFHLYCLrpALREVPSGDWFCPAC 46

PHD finger 1 found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lid2 complex component Lid2p and similar proteins; Lid2p is a trimethyl H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase responsible for H3K4 hypomethylation in heterochromatin. It interacts with the histone lysine-9 methyltransferase, Clr4, through the Dos1/Clr8-Rik1 complex, and mediates H3K9 methylation and small RNA production. It also acts cooperatively with the histone modification enzymes Set1 and Lsd1 and plays an essential role in cross-talk between H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in euchromatin. Lid2p contains a JmjC domain, three PHD fingers and a JmjN domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1907135984   24 GCCVCSdeRGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYG--IVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15519      1 GCEVCG--LDDNEGEVLLCDG--CDAEYHTSCLDppLGEIPPGTWFCPSC 46

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana pathogenesis-related homeodomain protein (PRHA) and similar proteins; PRHA is a homeodomain protein encoded by a single-copy Arabidopsis thaliana homeobox gene, prha. It shows the capacity to bind to TAATTG core sequence elements but requires additional adjacent bases for high-affinity binding. PRHA contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a homeodomain, peptide repeats and a putative leucine zipper dimerization domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhGCSVAVHQAC------YGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15504      2 CAKCQSGEASPDNDILLCDG-GCNRAYHQKCleppllTEDIPPEDEGWLCPLC 53

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 19 (PHF19); PHF19, also termed Polycomb-like protein 3 (PCL3), is a component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF19 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. It binds trimethylated histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36me3) through its Tudor domain and recruits the PRC2 complex and the H3K36me3 demethylase NO66 to embryonic stem cell genes during differentiation. Moreover, PHF19 and its upstream regulator, Akt, play roles in the phenotype switch of melanoma cells from proliferative to invasive states. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1907135984   25 CCVCSDERGWAENPLVYCDGhgCSVAVHQACYGIV-----QVPTGPWFCRKC 71
Cdd:cd15579      2 CNVCLGKSSGPLNEILICGK--CGLGYHQQCHIPVvdssdDPPLTPWFCRRC 51