TATA Binding Protein (TBP) Associated Factor 8; The TATA Binding Protein (TBP) Associated Factor 8 (TAF8) is one of several TAFs that bind TBP, and is involved in forming the Transcription Factor IID (TFIID) complex. TFIID is one of seven General Transcription Factors (GTF) (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIID) that are involved in accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes. TFIID plays an important role in the recognition of promoter DNA and the assembly of the preinitiation complex. The TFIID complex is composed of the TBP and at least 13 TAFs. TAFs from various species were originally named by their predicted molecular weight or their electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels. A new, unified nomenclature for the pol II TAFs has been suggested to show the relationship between TAF orthologs and paralogs. Several hypotheses are proposed for TAFs' functions, such as serving as activator-binding sites, involvement in the core-promoter recognition, or a role in the essential catalytic activity of the complex. The mouse ortholog of TAF8 is called taube nuss protein (TBN), and is required for early embryonic development. TBN mutant mice exhibit disturbances in the balance between cell death and cell survival in the early embryo. TAF8 plays a role in the differentiation of preadipocyte fibroblasts to adipocytes; it is also required for the integration of TAF10 into the TAF complex. In yeast and human cells, TAFs have been found as components of other complexes besides TFIID. TAF8 is also a component of a small TAF complex (SMAT), which contains TAF8, TAF10 and SUPT7L. Several TAFs interact via histone-fold motifs. The histone fold (HFD) is the interaction motif involved in heterodimerization of the core histones and their assembly into nucleosome octamer. TAF8 contains an H4 related histone fold motif, and interacts with several subunits of TFIID, including TBP and the histone-fold protein TAF10. Currently, five HF-containing TAF pairs have been described or suggested to exist in TFIID: TAF6-TAF9, TAF4-TAF12, TAF11-TAF13, TAF8-TAF10 and TAF3-TAF10.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958802156 142 PHIPSHFPEFPDPHTYIKTPTYREPVSDYQVLREKAASQRRDVERALTRFMAKT 195
Cdd:cd08049     1 AHIPSWLPPFPDPHTYKRTPTYSERETDPKKLREELASQRRLAEKALLRLQQKT 54

Bromodomain associated; This domain is predicted to bind DNA and is often found associated with pfam00439 and in transcription factors. It has a histone-like fold.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958802156  27 YHLARRrTLQVVVSSLLTEAGFESAEKASVETLTEMLQSYISEIGRSAKSYCEHTARTQPTLSDIVVTLVEMGFNVDT 104
Cdd:pfam07524   1 DELAHD-LLKVAVSQILEHAGFDSAEESALETLTDIAQSYIRELGEQAKSFAEHAGRSEPTLFDVVLTLVEMGINVGE 77

TATA Binding Protein (TBP) Associated Factor 8; The TATA Binding Protein (TBP) Associated Factor 8 (TAF8) is one of several TAFs that bind TBP, and is involved in forming the Transcription Factor IID (TFIID) complex. TFIID is one of seven General Transcription Factors (GTF) (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIID) that are involved in accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes. TFIID plays an important role in the recognition of promoter DNA and the assembly of the preinitiation complex. The TFIID complex is composed of the TBP and at least 13 TAFs. TAFs from various species were originally named by their predicted molecular weight or their electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels. A new, unified nomenclature for the pol II TAFs has been suggested to show the relationship between TAF orthologs and paralogs. Several hypotheses are proposed for TAFs' functions, such as serving as activator-binding sites, involvement in the core-promoter recognition, or a role in the essential catalytic activity of the complex. The mouse ortholog of TAF8 is called taube nuss protein (TBN), and is required for early embryonic development. TBN mutant mice exhibit disturbances in the balance between cell death and cell survival in the early embryo. TAF8 plays a role in the differentiation of preadipocyte fibroblasts to adipocytes; it is also required for the integration of TAF10 into the TAF complex. In yeast and human cells, TAFs have been found as components of other complexes besides TFIID. TAF8 is also a component of a small TAF complex (SMAT), which contains TAF8, TAF10 and SUPT7L. Several TAFs interact via histone-fold motifs. The histone fold (HFD) is the interaction motif involved in heterodimerization of the core histones and their assembly into nucleosome octamer. TAF8 contains an H4 related histone fold motif, and interacts with several subunits of TFIID, including TBP and the histone-fold protein TAF10. Currently, five HF-containing TAF pairs have been described or suggested to exist in TFIID: TAF6-TAF9, TAF4-TAF12, TAF11-TAF13, TAF8-TAF10 and TAF3-TAF10.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958802156 142 PHIPSHFPEFPDPHTYIKTPTYREPVSDYQVLREKAASQRRDVERALTRFMAKT 195
Cdd:cd08049     1 AHIPSWLPPFPDPHTYKRTPTYSERETDPKKLREELASQRRLAEKALLRLQQKT 54

Bromodomain associated; This domain is predicted to bind DNA and is often found associated with pfam00439 and in transcription factors. It has a histone-like fold.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958802156  27 YHLARRrTLQVVVSSLLTEAGFESAEKASVETLTEMLQSYISEIGRSAKSYCEHTARTQPTLSDIVVTLVEMGFNVDT 104
Cdd:pfam07524   1 DELAHD-LLKVAVSQILEHAGFDSAEESALETLTDIAQSYIRELGEQAKSFAEHAGRSEPTLFDVVLTLVEMGINVGE 77

TATA Binding Protein (TBP) Associated Factor 8; The TATA Binding Protein (TBP) Associated Factor 8 (TAF8) is one of several TAFs that bind TBP, and is involved in forming the Transcription Factor IID (TFIID) complex. TFIID is one of seven General Transcription Factors (GTF) (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIID) that are involved in accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes. TFIID plays an important role in the recognition of promoter DNA and the assembly of the preinitiation complex. The TFIID complex is composed of the TBP and at least 13 TAFs. TAFs from various species were originally named by their predicted molecular weight or their electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels. A new, unified nomenclature for the pol II TAFs has been suggested to show the relationship between TAF orthologs and paralogs. Several hypotheses are proposed for TAFs' functions, such as serving as activator-binding sites, involvement in the core-promoter recognition, or a role in the essential catalytic activity of the complex. The mouse ortholog of TAF8 is called taube nuss protein (TBN), and is required for early embryonic development. TBN mutant mice exhibit disturbances in the balance between cell death and cell survival in the early embryo. TAF8 plays a role in the differentiation of preadipocyte fibroblasts to adipocytes; it is also required for the integration of TAF10 into the TAF complex. In yeast and human cells, TAFs have been found as components of other complexes besides TFIID. TAF8 is also a component of a small TAF complex (SMAT), which contains TAF8, TAF10 and SUPT7L. Several TAFs interact via histone-fold motifs. The histone fold (HFD) is the interaction motif involved in heterodimerization of the core histones and their assembly into nucleosome octamer. TAF8 contains an H4 related histone fold motif, and interacts with several subunits of TFIID, including TBP and the histone-fold protein TAF10. Currently, five HF-containing TAF pairs have been described or suggested to exist in TFIID: TAF6-TAF9, TAF4-TAF12, TAF11-TAF13, TAF8-TAF10 and TAF3-TAF10.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958802156 142 PHIPSHFPEFPDPHTYIKTPTYREPVSDYQVLREKAASQRRDVERALTRFMAKT 195
Cdd:cd08049     1 AHIPSWLPPFPDPHTYKRTPTYSERETDPKKLREELASQRRLAEKALLRLQQKT 54

histone fold domain (HFD) superfamily; The histone fold domain (HFD) is a structurally conserved interaction motif involved in heterodimerization of the core histones and their assembly into the nucleosome octamer. Histone fold heterodimers play crucial roles in gene regulation. The minimal HFD consists of three alpha helices connected by two short, unstructured loops. The HFD is found in core histones, TATA box-binding protein-associated factors (TAFs), and many other transcription factors. HFD plays a role in the nucleosomal core particle by conserving histone interactions; these contain more than one HFD. The structure of the nucleosome core particle has two modes that have the largest interaction surfaces, and these are the H3-H4 and H2A-H2B heterodimer interactions. Several TAFs interact via histone-fold (HF) motifs. Five HF-containing TAF pairs have been described in transcription factor II D (TFIID): TAF6-TAF9, TAF4-TAF12, TAF11-TAF13, TAF8-TAF10 and TAF3-TAF10.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958802156  35 LQVVVSSLLTEAGFESAEKASVETLTEMLQSYISEIGRSAKSYCEHTARTQPTLSDIVVTL 95
Cdd:cd00076     2 LRSAVARILKSAGFDSVSKSALELLSDLLERYLEELARAAKAYAELAGRTTPNAEDVELAL 62

histone-fold domain found in protein SPT7 and similar proteins; SPT7, also called suppressor of Ty 7 homolog, is a component of the transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complexes SAGA, SALSA and SLIK. SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase) is involved in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcriptional regulation of approximately 10% of yeast genes. At the promoters, SAGA is required for recruitment of the basal transcription machinery. It influences RNA polymerase II transcriptional activity through different activities such as TATA binding protein (TBP) interaction (SPT3, SPT8 and SPT20) and promoter selectivity, interaction with transcription activators (GCN5, ADA2, ADA3 and TRA1), and chromatin modification through histone acetylation (GCN5) and deubiquitination (UBP8). SAGA acetylates nucleosomal histone H3 to some extent (to form H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H3K18ac and H3K23ac). SAGA interacts with DNA via upstream activating sequences (UASs). SALSA (SAGA altered, SPT8 absent), an altered form of SAGA, may be involved in positive transcriptional regulation. Besides lacking SPT8, SALSA contains an SPT7 subunit that is truncated. SLIK (SAGA-like) is proposed to have partly overlapping functions with SAGA. It preferentially acetylates methylated histone H3, at least after activation at the GAL1-10 locus. SPT7 is transcriptional activator of TY elements and other genes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958802156  32 RRTLQVVVSSLLTEAGFESAEKASVETLTEMLQSYISEIGRSAKSYCEHTARTQpTLSDIVV-TLVEMGF-NVDTLPAYA 109
Cdd:cd22927    13 RAALRRSVAKLLAHAGFEGAQPSALDVLTDIAADYLSNLGRTLRLYLDRYSKKM-SPEEILLhTLFENGVeDISDLESYI 91

                  .
gi 1958802156 110 K 110
Cdd:cd22927    92 K 92

histone-fold domain found in transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 9 (TAF9) and similar proteins; The family includes TAF9 (also called TATA Binding Protein (TBP) associated factor 9, RNA polymerase II TBP-associated factor subunit G, STAF31/32, transcription initiation factor TFIID 31 kDa subunit, TAFII-31, TAFII31, transcription initiation factor TFIID 32 kDa subunit, TAFII-32, or TAFII32) and TAF9-like (also called transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 9B, neuronal cell death-related protein 7, DN-7, or transcription-associated factor TAFII31L), which are essential for cell viability. They are involved in transcriptional activation as well as the repression of distinct but overlapping sets of genes. They may have roles in gene regulation associated with apoptosis. Both TAF9 and TAF9-like are TAFs that are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex, the TBP-free TAFII complex (TFTC), the PCAF histone acetylase complex and the STAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. TFIID or TFTC are essential for the regulation of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. TAF9 interacts directly with different transcription factors such as p53, herpes simplex virus activator vp16, and the basal transcription factor TFIIB.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958802156  38 VVSSLLTEAGFESAEKASVETLTEMLQSYISEIGRSAKSYCEHTARTQPTLSDI 91
Cdd:cd07979     6 VIRAILKSMGVTDYEPRVVNQLLEFAYRYTTEVLQDAKVYAEHAGRSQIDEEDV 59