ATPase-like domain of the ASKHA (Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hsc70/Actin) superfamily; The ASKHA superfamily, also known as actin-like ATPase domain superfamily, includes acetate and sugar kinases, heat-shock cognate 70 (Hsp70) and actin family proteins. They either function as conformational hydrolases (e.g. Hsp70, actin) that perform simple ATP hydrolysis, or as metabolite kinases (e.g. glycerol kinase) that catalyze the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to their cognate substrates. Both activities depend on the presence of specific metal cations. ASKHA superfamily members share a common core fold that includes an actin-like ATPase domain consisting of two subdomains (denoted I _ II) with highly similar ribonuclease (RNase) H-like folds. The fold of each subdomain is characterized by a central five strand beta-sheet and flanking alpha-helices. The two subdomains form an active site cleft in which ATP binds at the bottom. Another common feature of ASKHA superfamily members is the coupling of phosphoryl-group transfer to conformational rearrangement, leading to domain closure. Substrate binding triggers protein motion.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  19 YTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIAIRESAKVVDqAQRRVLRGVDDLDFFIGDEAIDK-PTYATKWPIRHGIIEDWDLMERFME 97
Cdd:cd10221    10 YTKMGYAGNTEPQFIIPTVIAIKESAKVGD-GQRRSKKGIEDLDFYIGDEALANsPTYALKYPIRHGIVEDWDLMERFWE 88

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  98 QVVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:cd10221    89 QCIFKYLRCEPEDHYFLLTE 108

nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein3 (Arp3) and similar proteins; Arp3, also called actin-like protein 3, is the ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex is comprised of 7 proteins (Arp2, Arp3, and five conserved proteins, ARPC1-5). It generates cytoplasmic branched filaments networks, by promoting nucleation of actin filaments as 70 degrees branches on the side of older filaments. It is activated, by simultaneously binding to a pre-existing filament and a nucleation promoting factor plus an actin monomer. Daughter branches subsequently detach/debranch from the mother filament. Its Arp2 and Arp3 subunits must be loaded with ATP for it to initiate the assembly of branched actin filaments. ATP hydrolysis may be required for branch initiation or debranching. The Arp2/3 complex is also found in the nucleus where it plays a role in promoting de novo actin polymerization and in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. This may in part be through regulating nuclear actin polymerization in a way like its function in the cytoplasm. Human Arp3 and Arp3B are encoded by the ACTR3 and ACTR3B genes respectively. Arp3B is also known as actin-related protein Arp4.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  19 YTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIAIRESAKVVDqAQRRVLRGVDDLDFFIGDEAIDK-PTYATKWPIRHGIIEDWDLMERFME 97
Cdd:cd10221    10 YTKMGYAGNTEPQFIIPTVIAIKESAKVGD-GQRRSKKGIEDLDFYIGDEALANsPTYALKYPIRHGIVEDWDLMERFWE 88

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  98 QVVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:cd10221    89 QCIFKYLRCEPEDHYFLLTE 108

Actin; ACTIN subfamily of ACTIN/mreB/sugarkinase/Hsp70 superfamily

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249   19 YTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIAiresakvvdQAQRRVLRGVDDLDFFIGDEAIDKPTYAT-KWPIRHGIIEDWDLMERFME 97
Cdd:smart00268  12 TIKAGFAGEDFPQVVFPSIVG---------RPKDGKGMVGDAKDIFVGDEAQEKRGGLElKYPIENGIVENWDDMEKIWD 82

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249   98 QVVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:smart00268  83 YTFFNELRVEPEEHPVLLTE 102

nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein3 (Arp3) and similar proteins; Arp3, also called actin-like protein 3, is the ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex is comprised of 7 proteins (Arp2, Arp3, and five conserved proteins, ARPC1-5). It generates cytoplasmic branched filaments networks, by promoting nucleation of actin filaments as 70 degrees branches on the side of older filaments. It is activated, by simultaneously binding to a pre-existing filament and a nucleation promoting factor plus an actin monomer. Daughter branches subsequently detach/debranch from the mother filament. Its Arp2 and Arp3 subunits must be loaded with ATP for it to initiate the assembly of branched actin filaments. ATP hydrolysis may be required for branch initiation or debranching. The Arp2/3 complex is also found in the nucleus where it plays a role in promoting de novo actin polymerization and in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. This may in part be through regulating nuclear actin polymerization in a way like its function in the cytoplasm. Human Arp3 and Arp3B are encoded by the ACTR3 and ACTR3B genes respectively. Arp3B is also known as actin-related protein Arp4.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  19 YTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIAIRESAKVVDqAQRRVLRGVDDLDFFIGDEAIDK-PTYATKWPIRHGIIEDWDLMERFME 97
Cdd:cd10221    10 YTKMGYAGNTEPQFIIPTVIAIKESAKVGD-GQRRSKKGIEDLDFYIGDEALANsPTYALKYPIRHGIVEDWDLMERFWE 88

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  98 QVVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:cd10221    89 QCIFKYLRCEPEDHYFLLTE 108

Actin; ACTIN subfamily of ACTIN/mreB/sugarkinase/Hsp70 superfamily

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249   19 YTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIAiresakvvdQAQRRVLRGVDDLDFFIGDEAIDKPTYAT-KWPIRHGIIEDWDLMERFME 97
Cdd:smart00268  12 TIKAGFAGEDFPQVVFPSIVG---------RPKDGKGMVGDAKDIFVGDEAQEKRGGLElKYPIENGIVENWDDMEKIWD 82

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249   98 QVVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:smart00268  83 YTFFNELRVEPEEHPVLLTE 102

nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-related protein 4 (Arp4)-like subfamily; The Arp4-like subfamily includes Arp4, also called actin-like protein 4, from fungi and plants. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arp4 acts synergistically with Arp8 to depolymerize F-actin; it binds ATP, but unlike conventional actin, does not form filaments. It is a component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex, the chromatin-remodeling INO80 complex and the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Arabidopsis thaliana Arp4 is involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, flowering time, anther development, flower senescence and fertility, probably by regulating the chromatin structure. This family also includes human homologs of yeast and plant, which are actin-like protein 6A (encoded by the ACTL6A gene; also known as ArpNbeta, 53 kDa BRG1-associated factor A/BRG1-associated factor 53A/BAF35A, and INO80 complex subunit K/INO80K) and actin-like protein 6B (encoded by the ACTL6B gene; also known as ArpNalpha, 53 kDa BRG1-associated factor B/BRG1-associated factor 53B/BAF35B). ACTL6A and ACTL6B are involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). They are components of numerous complexes with chromatin remodeling and histone acetyltransferase activity. ACTL6A is also a putative core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair. Schizosaccharomyces pombe actin-related protein 42 (Arp42) is also included in this family. It is also a component of SWI/SNF and RSC complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249   4 PGSSTrrgamvtrrtyTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIAIRESAKVVDQAQRRVLRGVddLDFFIGDEAIDKPT--YATKWPI 81
Cdd:cd13395    11 IGSYS-----------TRAGYAGEDTPKAVFPSVVGVVTDDDDAEDYVGGSGEKK--RKYYIGTNSIGVPRpnMEVISPL 77

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2217368249  82 RHGIIEDWDLMERFMEQVVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVEfhscrPGW 125
Cdd:cd13395    78 KDGLIEDWDAFEKLWDHALKNRLRVDPSEHPLLLTE-----PSW 116

nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin and similar proteins; Actin is a ubiquitous protein involved in the formation of filaments that are major components of the cytoskeleton. It is a highly dynamic structural protein network involved in processes such as cell contraction, cell motility, vesicle trafficking, intracellular organization, cytokinesis, endocytosis and apoptosis. Actin is a monomeric globular protein (G-actin) that reversibly polymerizes to form filaments (F-actin). Each actin protomer binds one molecule of ATP and either calcium or magnesium ions. At low salt concentrations, actin exists as a monomer, and as the salt concentration rises F-actin forms, with the consequent hydrolysis of ATP. F-actin assembly is in constant flux with G-actin association occurring at the barbed end (+) and its disassociation at the pointed end (-). Actin monomers that have been released from the pointed end can be reused, if the ADP is exchanged for ATP. F-actin filaments can assemble into higher order structures, for example branched F-actin, and stress fibers. Actin binding proteins regulate actin filament dynamics by a range of functions including actin severing, depolymerizing, capping, stabilizing and de novo actin polymerization. Actins interaction with myosin is the basis of muscular contraction and many aspects of cell motility. In vertebrates there are three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha actins found in muscle tissues are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility. In plants there are many isoforms which are probably involved in a variety of functions such as cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, tip growth, graviperception, cell wall deposition, etc.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  21 KLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIAIREsakvvdqaQRRVLRGVDDLDFFIGDEAIDKPTYAT-KWPIRHGIIEDWDLMERFMEQV 99
Cdd:cd10224    13 KAGFAGDDAPRAVFPSIVGRPR--------HQGVMVGMGQKDSYVGDEAQSKRGILTlKYPIEHGIVTNWDDMEKIWHHT 84

                          90
                  ....*....|....*...
gi 2217368249 100 VFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:cd10224    85 FYNELRVAPEEHPVLLTE 102

actin; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  21 KLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIA-IRESAKVVDQAQRrvlrgvddlDFFIGDEAIDKPTYAT-KWPIRHGIIEDWDLMERFMEQ 98
Cdd:PTZ00281   19 KAGFAGDDAPRAVFPSIVGrPRHTGVMVGMGQK---------DSYVGDEAQSKRGILTlKYPIEHGIVTNWDDMEKIWHH 89

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 2217368249  99 VVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:PTZ00281   90 TFYNELRVAPEEHPVLLTE 108

nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-like protein 7 (ACTL7)-like family; The ACTL7-like family includes ACTL7A, ACTL7B and ACTL9 (also known as ACTL7C). In mammalian, ACTL7A is expressed in a wide variety of adult tissues, while the ACTL7B is expressed in spermatids through the elongation phase of spermatid development. ACTL7A, also called actin-like-7-alpha, or T-ACTIN-2 in mouse, may play an important role in formation and fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles during acrosome biogenesis. ACTL7B, also called actin-like-7-beta, acts as a key regulator of spermiogenesis that is required for male fertility. ACTL9 is a testis-specific protein that plays an important role in fusion of proacrosomal vesicles and perinuclear theca formation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  19 YTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIAIR--ESAKVVDQAQRRvlrgvddldfFIGDEAID-KPTYATKWPIRHGIIEDWDLMERF 95
Cdd:cd10214    14 YCKAGFAGQPRPSYVISSTVGKPpqESAKTGDNRKET----------FVGKELANvEPPLKLVNPLRHGIVVDWDCVQDI 83

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 2217368249  96 MEQVVFKYLRAEPEDHYFL 114
Cdd:cd10214    84 WEYIFEKEMKILPEEHAVL 102

nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein2 (Arp2) and similar proteins; Arp2, also called actin-like protein 2, is the ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex is comprised of 7 proteins (Arp2, Arp3, and five conserved proteins, ARPC1-5). It generates cytoplasmic branched filaments networks, by promoting nucleation of actin filaments as 70 degrees branches on the side of older filaments. It is activated, by simultaneously binding to a pre-existing filament and a nucleation promoting factor plus an actin monomer. Daughter branches subsequently detach/debranch from the mother filament. Its Arp2 and Arp3 subunits must be loaded with ATP for it to initiate the assembly of branched actin filaments. ATP hydrolysis may be required for branch initiation or debranching. The Arp2/3 complex is also found in the nucleus where it plays a role in promoting de novo actin polymerization and in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. This may in part be through regulating nuclear actin polymerization in a way like its function in the cytoplasm. Human Arp2 is encoded by the ACTR2 gene.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  19 YTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPSCIA---IRESAKVVDQAqrrvlrgVDDLdfFIGDEAIDKPTY-ATKWPIRHGIIEDWDLMER 94
Cdd:cd10220    11 FVKCGFAGSNFPEHVFPSLVGrpiLRAEEKVGDIE-------IKDI--MVGDEASELRSMlEVTYPMENGIVRNWDDMEH 81

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|...
gi 2217368249  95 FMEQVVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:cd10220    82 LWDYTFGEKLKIDPRECKILLTE 104

nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin and actin-related proteins (ARPs); Actin is ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and the major component of the actin cytoskeleton; monomeric globular protein (G-actin) reversibly polymerizes to form filaments (F-actin). Each actin protomer binds one molecule of ATP and either calcium or magnesium ions. F-actin filaments form with the consequent hydrolysis of ATP. Some actin-related proteins (Arps) have roles in cytoskeletal functions, such as actin polymerization (Arp2/3) and dynein motor activity (Arp1). Both conventional actin and specific Arps have been implicated in chromatin remodeling and/or transcription regulation. The actin/ARP family belongs to the ASKHA (Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hsc70/Actin) superfamily, all members of which share a common characteristic five-stranded beta sheet occurring in both the N- and C-terminal domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  19 YTKLGYAGNTEPQFIIPsciairesakvvdqaqrrvlrgvddldffigdeaidkptyatkwpirhgiiedWDLMERFMEQ 98
Cdd:cd10169     9 TIKAGFAGEDAPRLIFP-----------------------------------------------------WDDMEKIWEH 35

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 2217368249  99 VVFKYLRAEPEDHYFLMVE 117
Cdd:cd10169    36 VFYNLLRVDPEEHPVLLTE 54

nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Arabidopsis thaliana actin-related protein 7 and similar proteins; Arabidopsis thaliana ARP7 is an essential nuclear protein, ubiquitously expressed in all cell types. It is needed for normal embryogenesis, plant architecture, and floral organ abscission. It may play a role in regulating various phases of plant development through chromatin-mediated gene regulation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2217368249  21 KLGYAGNT-EPQFIIPSciairesakvvdqAQRRVLRGVDDLDFFIGDEAIDkptyatkwPIRHGIIEDWDLMERFMEQV 99
Cdd:cd10209    11 KAGYAYPDrEPSVVEPT-------------RVTPAVEDGEESDTVVEGNTVS--------PIRRGRIEDWDALEALLRYV 69

                          90
                  ....*....|.
gi 2217368249 100 VFKYLRAEPED 110
Cdd:cd10209    70 FYTGLGWEEGN 80