Box 3Examples of combining the subtree and lineage field limits with Boolean operators for searching Taxonomy Entrez

(1) Mammalia[subtree] AND Mammalia[lineage] returns the taxon Mammalia.

(2) Mammalia[subtree] OR Mammalia[lineage] returns all of the taxa in a direct parent–child relationship with the taxon Mammalia.

(3) root[subtree] NOT (Mammalia[subtree] OR Mammalia[lineage]) returns all of the taxa not in a direct parent–child relationship with the taxon Mammalia.

(4) Sauropsida[subtree] NOT Aves[subtree] will retrieve the members of the classical taxon Reptilia, excluding the birds.

From: Chapter 4, The Taxonomy Project

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