Table 1CER Primary Outcomes, Definitions, and Measurement

OutcomeSource instrument(s)Definition and measurement of final metrics or score
Quality of careCancer survivor quality of care indexaDefinition: consists of 3 domains, 9 factors and 41 total metrics informed & grounded patient domain: emotional and social support (4 metrics); information and resources on survivorship care (4 metrics)
Patient-Provider Alliance Domain: empowered and engaged patients (3 metrics); supportive and prepared clinicians (4 metrics); meaningful patient-clinician communication (5 metrics)
Supportive Health & Wellness System Domain: care coordination and transitions in care (8 metrics); provision of full spectrum of care (5 metrics); practical life support (3 metrics); having a medical home (5 metrics)
Measurement: 9 separate scales were created representing the 9 factors in the SCQI. We calculated the percentage of participants responding “yes, definitely” for each line item, and for each factor summed the number of “yes, definitely” responses over the total number of items in the factor to calculate an overall 0-1 value (as a continuous metric) that could then be presented as a percentage.
Cancer-related quality of lifeQOL-BCS instrument,b The Functional Living Index-CancercDefinition: consists of 3 domains and 41 total metrics
Physical concerns (20 metrics)
Social and emotional concerns (14 metrics)
Practical Concerns (7 metrics)
Measurement: QOL responses were categorized as any concerns/no concerns for each line item within each domain. To focus on the performance of care models, we created a measure for “top concerns” whereby we calculated the prevalence concerns that were reported by more than 40% of the study population at baseline for each of the domains. For the physical concerns domain, there were 8 top concerns, for the emotional/social concerns domain there were 6 top concerns and for the practical concerns there were 2 top concerns. The overall domain scores for QOL thus indicate the average percentage of top concerns reported, ranging from 0-1 on a continuous scale and presented as a percentage.
Self-efficacyBCSESd Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy ScaleeDefinition: consists of 8 self-efficacy items that ask participants to rate their confidence in managing their health and health care (eg, dealing with the lasting effects of cancer or navigating the health care system to address subsequent needs).
Measurement: overall self-efficacy score was calculated as a sum of the 8 individual line items in the scale with response options ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 5 (totally confident) on a continuous scale, and mean was calculated by dividing by the number of total responses.
Appropriate use of health careN/ADefinition: Frequency of visits to different health care providers is used as a proxy for appropriate health care usef,g
Measurement: Participants selected frequency of visits to specific types of providers over the prior 3 mo from categories of none, 1, 2-3, 4-5, or ≥6 visits. To create continuous measures, we assigned the midpoints of these categories and calculated separate responses for primary care providers, oncologists, hospital care (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency room care), and other specialists (including mental health and other specialists).
Patient experience/satisfactionPSCChDefinition: Consists of 3 items
Item 1: Are you satisfied with the care you received? Item 2: Would you recommend the care you received? Item 3: Please rate your care
Measurement: Each item is reported separately
Item 1: Measured on a continuous 3-point scale where 1 = strongly disagree/disagree and 3 = agree/strongly agree
Item 2: Measured on a continuous 3-point scale where 1 = no, definitely not and 3 = yes, definitely
Item 3: Measured on a 0 to 10 continuous scale, where 0 = the worst possible care and 10 = the best possible care

Abbreviations: BCSES, Breast Cancer Survivor Self-Efficacy Scale; CER, comparative effectiveness research; N/A, not applicable; PSCC, Patient Satisfaction with Cancer-Related Care; QOL-BCS, Quality of Life-Breast Cancer Survivors; SCQI, Survivor Quality of Care Index.

Notes:

aValidated as part of phase 1 of the study

b Azuero A, Su X, McNees P, Meneses K. A revision of the Quality of Life-Breast Cancer Survivors (QOL-BCS) instrument. Res Nurs Health. 2013;36(4):423-434. doi:10.1002/nur.21541 [PubMed: 23512217] [CrossRef]

cSchipper H, Clinch J, McMurray A, Levitt M. Measuring the quality of life of cancer patients: the Functional Living Index-Cancer: development and validation. J Clin Oncol. 1984;2(5):472-483 [PubMed: 6374052].

d Beckham JC, Burker EJ, Burker EJ, Feldman ME, Costakis MJ. Self-efficacy and adjustment in cancer patients: a preliminary report. Behav Med. 1997;23(3):138-142. [PubMed: 9397286]

eLorig K, Stewart A, Ritter P, González V, Laurent D, Lynch J. Outcome Measures for Health Education and other Healthcare Interventions. Sage Publications; 1996:24-25, 41-45.

f Earle CC, Neville BA. Under use of necessary care among cancer survivors. Cancer. 2004;101:1712-1719. doi:10.1002/cncr.20560 [PubMed: 15386307] [CrossRef]

gRajotte EJ, Heron L, Syrjala KL, Baker KS, Health care utilization among long-term cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(3_suppl):22.

hJean-Pierre P, Cheng Y, Paskett E, Shao C, Fiscella K, Winters P. Item response theory analysis of the Patient Satisfaction with Cancer Related Care Measure: a psychometric investigation in a multicultural sample of 1296 participants. Support Cancer Care. 2014;22(8):2229-2240.

From: Evaluating Different Types of Cancer Survivorship Care

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Evaluating Different Types of Cancer Survivorship Care [Internet].
Mead KH, Raskin S, Arem H, et al.
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