SUMMARY OF JUDGMENTS ON POPULATION, INTERVENTION, COMPARISON, AND OUTCOME (PICO) QUESTIONS

ANNEX 2SUMMARY OF JUDGMENTS ON POPULATION, INTERVENTION, COMPARISON, AND OUTCOME (PICO) QUESTIONS

Table

–: does not apply; PICO: population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. PICO 1. Among people with HIV disease, is antigen testing versus standard microbiological techniques of diagnosis associated with an increase in the diagnosis of histoplasmosis (more...)

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NLM Citation

Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis among People Living with HIV [Internet]. Washington (DC): Pan American Health Organization; 2020 Apr. ANNEX 2, SUMMARY OF JUDGMENTS ON POPULATION, INTERVENTION, COMPARISON, AND OUTCOME (PICO) QUESTIONS.

	PICO 1	PICO 2A	PICO 2B	PICO 2C	PICO 3
Problem	Favors this option	Yes	Probably no	Yes	Yes
Desirable effects	Favors this option	Moderate	Moderate	Don’t know	Moderate
Undesirable effects	Favors this option	Trivial	Trivial	Small	Large
Values	Favors this option	No important uncertainty or variability	No important uncertainty or variability	Possibly important uncertainty or variability	Possibly important uncertainty or variability
Balance of effects	Favors this option	Probably favors the intervention	Probably favors the intervention	Don’t know	Probably favors the intervention
Acceptability	Favors this option	Yes	Yes	Probably yes	Yes
Feasibility	Favors this option	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Certainty of the evidence	–	Low	No included studies	No included studies	Very low
Certainty of the evidence of test accuracy	Probably favors this option	–	–	–	–
Certainty of the evidence of test’s effects	Probably favors this option	–	–	–	–
Certainty of the evidence of management’s effects	Probably favors this option	–	–	–	–
Certainty of the evidence of the test result and management	Probably favors this option	–	–	–	–
Cost-effectiveness	Probably favors this option	–	–	–	–
Certainty of effects	Neither favors this or other options	–	–	–	–
Test accuracy	Favors this option	–	–	–	–

: –: does not apply; PICO: population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. PICO 1. Among people with HIV disease, is antigen testing versus standard microbiological techniques of diagnosis associated with an increase in the diagnosis of histoplasmosis and a decrease in mortality? PICO 2A. Does liposomal amphotericin B as initial therapy for severe or moderately severe progressive disseminated histoplasmosis have better efficacy and safety than alternative antifungal treatments? PICO 2B. Is there a difference in histoplasmosis relapse rate between less than 12 months or more than 12 months of oral antifungal maintenance therapy for progressive disseminated histoplasmosis among people living with HIV? PICO 2C. Is early antiretroviral therapy (less than two weeks) preferable to deferred antiretroviral therapy (two weeks or more) among people living with HIV who have progressive disseminated histoplasmosis? PICO 3. How does HIV or TB therapy need to be modified to obtain successful outcomes for people coinfected with TB, HIV, and H. capsulatum?