U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.

Cover of WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings

WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings [Internet].

Show details

Web Annex DEvidence-to-decision summaries

Introduction

This web annex contains a summary of the benefits and harms for each intervention, by comparator and by age sub-group, for each intervention. Evidence to inform the judgements for each of the EtD domains is also included, where relevant to the intervention. Evidence related to EtD domains that is generic in nature (i.e. not related specifically to the intervention) is summarized in the guideline document, Section 4.2.

An overall summary of EtD judgements made by the GDG is provided, along with the GRADE Evidence Profile Tables.

A.1. Structured and standardized education/advice (PDF, 553K)

B.1. Structured exercise therapies or programmes (PDF, 880K)

B.2. Needling therapies (traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture and other dry needling modalities) (PDF, 1.3M)

B.3. Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) (PDF, 666K)

B.4. Massage (PDF, 442K)

B.5. Traction (PDF, 335K)

B.6. Therapeutic ultrasound (PDF, 438K)

B.7. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) (PDF, 546K)

B.8. Assistive products: lumbar braces, belts and/or supports and mobility assistive products (PDF, 331K)

C.1. Operant therapy (PDF, 369K)

C.2. Respondent therapy (PDF, 461K)

C.3. Cognitive therapy (PDF, 377K)

C.4. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (PDF, 537K)

C.5. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) therapy (PDF, 350K)

D.1. Systemic pharmacotherapies (PDF, 1002K)

D.2. Cannabis-related pharmaceutical preparations for therapeutic use (PDF, 144K)

D.3. Injectable local anaesthetics (PDF, 346K)

D.4. Herbal medicines (PDF, 472K)

E.1. Weight management (PDF, 468K)

E.2. Multicomponent biopsychosocial care (PDF, 491K)

© World Health Organization 2023.

Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/copyright.

Third-party materials. If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user.

Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).

Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.

Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/).

Bookshelf ID: NBK599217

Views

Recent Activity

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

See more...