Solute Carrier family 15 members 3 and 4 of the Major Facilitator Superfamily of transporters
Solute carrier family 15 members 3 (SLC15A3) and 4 (SLC15A4) are members of the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter (POT) family of integral membrane proteins that mediate the cellular uptake of di/tripeptides and peptide-like drugs. They are peptide/histidine transporters (PHTs) that transport free histidine in addition to di/tripeptides. SLC15A4, also called peptide transporter 4 or peptide/histidine transporter 1 (PHT1), is expressed in the human brain, retina, placenta, and immune cells. It is required for Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)- and TLR9-mediated type I interferon production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and is involved in the pathogenesis of lupus-like autoimmunity. SLC15A3, also called osteoclast transporter, peptide transporter 3, or peptide/histidine transporter 2 (PHT2), is expressed in immune tissues including the spleen and thymus. The SLC15A3/SLC15A4 group belongs to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) of membrane transport proteins, which are thought to function through a single substrate binding site, alternating-access mechanism involving a rocker-switch type of movement.
Feature 1:putative chemical substrate binding pocket [chemical binding site]
Evidence:
Comment:based on the structures of MFS transporters with bound substrates, substrate analogs, and/or inhibitors
Comment:since MFS proteins facilitate the transport of many different substrates including ions, sugar phosphates, drugs, neurotransmitters, nucleosides, amino acids, and peptides, the residues involved in substrate binding may not be strictly conserved among superfamily members
Comment:the substrate binding site or translocation pore has access to both sides of the membrane in an alternating fashion through a conformational change of the MFS transporter
Comment:NRT1/PTR family proteins transport a wide variety of substrates including nitrate, peptides, amino acids, dicarboxylates, glucosinolates, as well as the plant hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA).