Release Notes For GenBank Release 137
GBREL.TXT Genetic Sequence Data Bank
August 15 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 137.0
Distribution Release Notes
27213748 loci, 33865022251 bases, from 27213748 reported sequences
This document describes the format and content of the flat files that
comprise releases of the GenBank database. If you have any questions or
comments about GenBank or this document, please contact NCBI via email
at [email protected] or:
GenBank
National Center for Biotechnology Information
National Library of Medicine, 38A, 8N805
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
USA
Phone: (301) 496-2475
Fax: (301) 480-9241
==========================================================================
TABLE OF CONTENTS
==========================================================================
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Release 137.0
1.2 Cutoff Date
1.3 Important Changes in Release 137.0
1.4 Upcoming Changes
1.5 Request for Direct Submission of Sequence Data
1.6 Organization of This Document
2. ORGANIZATION OF DATA FILES
2.1 Overview
2.2 Files
2.2.1 File Descriptions
2.2.5 File Sizes
2.2.6 Per-Division Statistics
2.2.7 Selected Per-Organism Statistics
2.2.8 Growth of GenBank
3. FILE FORMATS
3.1 File Header Information
3.2 Directory Files
3.2.1 Short Directory File
3.3 Index Files
3.3.1 Accession Number Index File
3.3.2 Keyword Phrase Index File
3.3.3 Author Name Index File
3.3.4 Journal Citation Index File
3.3.5 Gene Name Index
3.4 Sequence Entry Files
3.4.1 File Organization
3.4.2 Entry Organization
3.4.3 Sample Sequence Data File
3.4.4 LOCUS Format
3.4.5 DEFINITION Format
3.4.5.1 DEFINITION Format for NLM Entries
3.4.6 ACCESSION Format
3.4.7 VERSION Format
3.4.8 KEYWORDS Format
3.4.9 SEGMENT Format
3.4.10 SOURCE Format
3.4.11 REFERENCE Format
3.4.12 FEATURES Format
3.4.12.1 Feature Key Names
3.4.12.2 Feature Location
3.4.12.3 Feature Qualifiers
3.4.12.4 Cross-Reference Information
3.4.12.5 Feature Table Examples
3.4.13 ORIGIN Format
3.4.14 SEQUENCE Format
4. ALTERNATE RELEASES
5. KNOWN PROBLEMS OF THE GENBANK DATABASE
5.1 Incorrect Gene Symbols in Entries and Index
6. GENBANK ADMINISTRATION
6.1 Registered Trademark Notice
6.2 Citing GenBank
6.3 GenBank Distribution Formats and Media
6.4 Other Methods of Accessing GenBank Data
6.5 Request for Corrections and Comments
6.6 Credits and Acknowledgments
6.7 Disclaimer
==========================================================================
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Release 137.0
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National
Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH) is responsible
for producing and distributing the GenBank Sequence Database. NCBI handles
all GenBank direct submissions and authors are advised to use the address
below. Submitters are encouraged to use the free Sequin software package
for sending sequence data, or the newly developed World Wide Web submission
form. See Section 1.5 below for details.
*****************************************************************************
The address for direct submissions to GenBank is:
GenBank Submissions
National Center for Biotechnology Information
Bldg 38A, Rm. 8N-803
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
E-MAIL: [email protected]
Updates and changes to existing GenBank records:
E-MAIL: [email protected]
URL for the new GenBank submission tool - BankIt - on the World Wide Web:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
(see Section 1.5 for additional details about submitting data to GenBank.)
*****************************************************************************
GenBank Release 137.0 is a release of sequence data by NCBI in the GenBank
flatfile format. GenBank is a component of a tri-partite, international
collaboration of sequence databases in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. The
collaborating databases in Europe are the European Molecular Biology Laboratory
(EMBL) at Hinxton Hall, UK, and the DNA Database of Japan (DDBJ) in Mishima,
Japan. Patent sequences are incorporated through arrangements with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and via the collaborating international
databases from other international patent offices. The database is converted
to various output formats, including the Flat File and Abstract Syntax Notation 1
(ASN.1) versions. The ASN.1 and Flat File forms of the data are available at
NCBI's anonymous FTP server: ftp.ncbi.nih.gov .
1.2 Cutoff Date
This full release, 137.0, incorporates data available to the collaborating
databases as of August 18, 2003. For more recent data, users are advised to:
o Download GenBank Incremental Update (GIU) files by anonymous FTP from NCBI:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/ncbi-asn1/daily-nc (ASN.1 format)
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/daily-nc (flatfile format)
Mirrors of the GenBank FTP site at the NCBI are available from the San Diego
Supercomputer Center and the University of Indiana:
ftp://genbank.sdsc.edu/pub
ftp://bio-mirror.net/biomirror/genbank/
Some users who experience slow FTP transfers of large files might realize
an improvement in transfer rates from these alternate sites when traffic at
the NCBI is high.
o Use the interactive Network-Entrez or Web-Entrez applications to query
the 'Entrez: Nucleotides' database (see Section 6.4 of this document).
1.3 Important Changes in Release 137.0
1.3.1 Organizational changes
The total number of sequence data files increased by 24 with this release:
- the BCT division is now comprised of 8 files (+1)
- the EST division is now comprised of 270 files (+11)
- the GSS division is now comprised of 84 files (+7)
- the PAT division is now comprised of 10 files (+2)
- the PLN division is now comprised of 9 files (+1)
- the PRI division is now comprised of 26 files (+1)
- the ROD division is now comprised of 9 files (+1)
1.3.2 GSS File Header Problem
GSS sequences at GenBank are maintained in one of two different systems,
depending on their origin. One recent change to release processing involves
the parallelization of the dumps from those systems. Because the second dump
(for example) has no prior knowledge of exactly how many GSS files will be
dumped from the first, it doesn't know how to number it's own output files.
There is thus a discrepancy between the filenames and file headers of eleven
GSS flatfiles in Release 137.0. Consider the gbgss74.seq file:
GBGSS1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
August 15 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 137.0
GSS Sequences (Part 1)
86694 loci, 65544743 bases, from 86694 reported sequences
Here, the filename and part number in the header is "1", though the file
has been renamed as "74" based on the files dumped from the other system.
We will work to resolve this discrepancy in future releases, but the
priority is certainly much lower than many other tasks.
1.4 Upcoming Changes
1.4.1 **Sequence Length Limitation To Be Removed In June 2004**
At the May 2003 collaborative meeting among representatives of GenBank,
EMBL, and DDBJ, it was decided that the 350 kilobase limit on the sequence
length of database records will be removed as of June 2004.
Individual, complete sequences are currently expected to be a maximum
of 350 kbp in length. One major reason for the existence of this limit is
as an aid to users of sequence analysis software, some of which might not
be capable of processing megabase-scale sequences.
However, very significant exceptions to the 350 kbp limit have existed
for several years; Phase 1 (unordered, unoriented) and Phase 2 (ordered,
oriented) high-throughput genomic sequences (HTGS) generated by efforts
such as the Human Genome Project; large dispersed eukaryotic genes with
an intron/exon structure that spans more than 350 kbp; and sequences
which result from assemblies of Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) project data.
Given these exceptions, and the technological advances which have made
large-scale sequencing practical for an increasing number of researchers,
the collaboration has decided that the 350 kbp limit must be removed.
As of June 2004, the length of database sequences will be limited only
by the natural structures of an organism's genome. For example, a single
record might be used to represent all of human chromosome 1, which is
approximately 245 Mbp in length.
Software developers for some of the larger commercial sequence analysis
packages were recently asked what timeframe would be appropriate for this
change. Answers ranged from "immediately", to "several months", to "one year".
So the one-year timeframe was selected, to provide ample time to implement
changes which megabase-scale sequences may require.
Some sample records with very large sequences have been made available
so that developers can begin to test their software modifications:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/LargeSeqs
Many changes are expected after the removal of the length limit. For
example, complete bacterial genomes (typically on the order of several
megabases) will be re-assembled into single sequence records. The submission
process for such genomes will become much more streamlined, since database
staff will no longer have to split the genomes into pieces. BLAST services
will be enchanced, so that hits reported within very large sequences will
be presented in a meaningful context.
All such changes will be discussed more fully in future release notes,
the NCBI newsletter, and the GenBank newsgroup.
1.4.2 BASECOUNT line to be dropped
The BASECOUNT line of the GenBank flatfile format provides totals for
the number of A, T, G, C, and 'other' basepairs that are present within
the sequence of a database record. For example:
LOCUS AY244763 5686 bp DNA linear BCT 10-APR-2003
DEFINITION Rhodococcus sp. DS7 cysDNCQ operon, complete sequence.
ACCESSION AY244763
VERSION AY244763.1 GI:29725657
....
BASE COUNT 1137 a 1661 c 1821 g 1066 t 1 others
ORIGIN
1 cgcggtttgt gacgtctgat tgccggtcat tgacctttgg gtagaacgag ttctattctg
61 tgattgcgtt caatttagaa ccagtccggt acataaatgt accgatgcgg aaatggtgtt
....
5281 tgtcagctcg gtgtctggng gcgaggctaa gcaccaacgg cttcggtagc agaaccacat
This information is computationally expensive to produce for very large
sequences, and for sequences in the CON division. In the CON division case,
a record might be comprised of 'pointers' to hundreds, or even thousands,
of underlying GenBank records. So to calculate the BASECOUNT line content,
retrievals of sequence data for those many records must be performed. This
can noticeably impact the response time for flatfile generation within the
Entrez application.
Hence, as of the October 2003 GenBank Release (138.0), the BASECOUNT linetype
will no longer be present in GenBank Release and GenBank Update products.
Depending on demand, a display option might be implemented in Entrez which
allows users to choose to have BASECOUNT shown.
1.4.3 New oriT feature
As of Release 138.0 in October 2003, a new feature key (oriT) will be
legal for the feature table. Preliminary documentation for this new
feature is available:
Feature Key oriT
Definition origin of transfer; region of a plasmid where
transfer is initiated during the process of
conjugation or mobilisation.
Mandatory qualifiers: None
Optional Qualifiers: /bound_moiety="text"
/citation=[number]
/db_xref="<database>:<identifier>"
/direction=value
/evidence=<evidence_value>
/gene="text"
/label=feature_label
/locus_tag="text" (single token)
/map="text"
/note="text"
/rpt_family="text"
/rpt_type=<repeat_type>
/rpt_unit=<feature_label>
/standard_name="text"
/usedin=accnum:feature_label
Molecule Scope: DNA
Comments: rep_origin should be used for origins
of replication; /direction has
legal values RIGHT, LEFT and BOTH,
however only RIGHT and LEFT are valid
when used in conjunction with the oriT
feature
1.4.4 New /ecotype qualifier
As of the October 2003 GenBank Release (138.0), a new source feature
qualifier called /ecotype will begin to be used. The preliminary
definition for /ecotype is :
Qualifier /ecotype=
Definition A distinct population of organisms of a
widespread species that has adapted
gentically to its own local habitat.
Nevertheless, they can still reproduce
with members of other ecotypes of the
same species.
Value format "text"
Example /ecotype="Columbia"
Comment 'Ecotype' is often applied to standard
genetic stocks of Arabidopsis thaliana,
but it can be applied to any organism,
especially sessile organisms like plants.
1.4.5 Change to value format of /rpt_unit
As of Release 138.0 in October 2003, the value-format of the /rpt_unit
qualifier will be changed to allow 'text' . The currently documented
format is:
Value format <feature_label> or <base_range>
Example /rpt_unit=Alu_rpt1
/rpt_unit=202..245
Comment used to indicate feature which defines (or base range of) the
repeat unit of which a repeat region is made
However, a very common value for /rpt_unit is a literal sequence
string that represents the repeating unit(s). For example:
/rpt_unit=ta
/rpt_unit=ac;ag
So the format of this qualifier will be changed to:
Value format "text" or <feature_label> or <base_range>
Existing feature label and base range values will eventually be presented
as text values.
1.4.6 New operon feature
Starting with the October 2003 release (138.0), a new feature will be
legal for the feature table:
Feature Key: operon
Definition: region containing polycistronic transcripts
and regulatory sequences containing genes
that encode enzymes that are in the same
metabolic pathway
Optional qualifiers: /allele="text"
/citation=[number]
/db_xref="<database>:<identifier>"
/evidence=<evidence_value>
/function="text"
/operon="text"
/label=feature_label
/locus_tag="text" (single token)
/map="text"
/note="text"
/product="text"
/pseudo
/phenotype="text"
/standard_name="text"
/usedin=accnum:feature_label
In bacteria, many genes encoding for specific biosynthetic pathways are
transcribed in polycistronic operons. It has been challenging to reflect
this biology within the GenBank flatfile format. GenBank has been using
a gene feature that spans the entire regulatory region and all of the coding
regions and then gene features corresponding to the individual genes spaning
the coding genes.
The new operon feature will simplify the annotation of cases like
these. Examples of the new operon feature will be provided in future
release notes.
1.4.7 [er] prefix for JOURNAL line
As of Release 138.0 in October 2003, a new prefix will be legal for the
JOURNAL line: [er] .
This prefix is an abbreviation for Electronic Resource, which is a
term that describes journal articles that are available on-line.
In 1999, an interim 'Online Publication' REFERENCE format was adopted for
use at GenBank in order to cite articles appearing only electronically:
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 2858)
AUTHORS Smith, J.
TITLE Cloning and expression of a phospholipase gene
JOURNAL Online Publication
REMARK Online-Journal-name; Article Identifier; URL
In subsequent years, no standards for citing on-line journal articles
have emerged from library organizations.
One such library organization (National Library of Medicine, NIH) is now
assigning identifiers (Medline UIs and PubMed Ids) to articles published
on-line, and it is presenting these articles in a manner that is identical
to print-journal articles. For example:
REFERENCE 1
AUTHORS Haas,B.J., Volfovsky,N., Town,C.D., Troukhan,M., Alexandrov,N.,
Feldmann,K.A., Flavell,R.B., White,O. and Salzberg,S.L.
TITLE Full-length messenger RNA sequences greatly improve genome
annotation
JOURNAL Genome Biol. 3 (6), RESEARCH0029 (2002)
MEDLINE 22088475
PUBMED 12093376
Although these citations may contain journal abbreviations, volume numbers,
issue/part/supplement numbers, pages, and year (just like a print-journal
citation), there is no guarantee that the contents of these fields will be
comparable to those of print-journal citations.
In the case above, although the page number is a bit unusual
("RESEARCH0029"), software that processes the JOURNAL line would probably
still be able to parse its contents. But there is also a possibility that
these fields could contain unusual characters (embedded spaces, commas,
parentheses), and possibly even URLs. So the use of [er] :
JOURNAL [er] Genome Biol. 3 (6), RESEARCH0029 (2002)
will act as a warning (primarily to software) that the contents of the
JOURNAL line might not be as parsable as a print-journal JOURNAL line.
1.4.8 Accession format of WGS records
Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) sequences utilize an accession number format which
is different from those used for non-WGS GenBank sequences. This format is
referred to as 4 + 2 + 6, and is comprised of:
- a 4-letter WGS project code
- a 2-digit assembly-version number
- a 6 (and sometimes 7) digit sequence number
Because of their unique nature, WGS sequences are kept separate from other
GenBank products:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/wgs
For example, sequences much larger than the current 350 kbp limit can be
generated during the WGS assembly phase. In addition, there is no tracking
of nucleotide sequences from one assembly to the next. So the accessions
of one:
AAAB01000001
AAAB01000002
AAAB01000003
....
are not necessarily related in any way to those of the next assembly:
AAAB02000001
AAAB02000002
AAAB02000003
....
When a WGS project is completed, it is possible that the submittors may chose
to submit a single finished WGS sequence with a 4 + 2 + 6 accession, at which
point it would appear in the non-WGS portion of GenBank.
Alternately, the submittors might chose to submit the completed genome via
a non-WGS method, in which case a de-novo non-WGS accession would be assigned.
That record would then have one or more 2 + 4 + 6 WGS accessions as
secondary accessions.
Both scenarios are likely to occur, especially after the 350 kbp sequence
length restriction is lifted. So we felt it was important to alert users
that WGS accessions will eventually be encountered in the non-WGS portion
of GenBank, as primary or secondary accession numbers.
1.5 Request for Direct Submission of Sequence Data
A successful GenBank requires that sequence data enter the database as
soon as possible after publication, that the annotations be as complete as
possible, and that the sequence and annotation data be accurate. All
three of these requirements are best met if authors of sequence data
submit their data directly to GenBank in a usable form. It is especially
important that these submissions be in computer-readable form.
GenBank must rely on direct author submission of data to ensure that
it achieves its goals of completeness, accuracy, and timeliness. To
assist researchers in entering their own sequence data, GenBank
provides a WWW submission tool called BankIt, as well as a stand-alone
software package called Sequin. BankIt and Sequin are both easy-to-use
programs that enable authors to enter a sequence, annotate it, and
submit it to GenBank. Through the international collaboration of DNA
sequence databases, GenBank submissions are forwarded daily for inclusion
in the EMBL and DDBJ databases.
SEQUIN. Sequin is an interactive, graphically-oriented program based
on screen forms and controlled vocabularies that guides you through the
process of entering your sequence and providing biological and
bibliographic annotation. Sequin is designed to simplify the sequence submission
process, and to provide increased data handling capabilities to accomodate
very long sequences, complex annotations, and robust error checking. E-mail
the completed submission file to : [email protected]
Sequin is provided for Macintosh, PC/Windows, UNIX and VMS computers.
It is available by annonymous ftp from ftp.ncbi.nih.gov; login as
anonymous and use your e-mail address as the password. It is located in
the sequin directory. Or direct your web browser to this URL:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/sequin
BANKIT. BankIt provides a simple forms approach for submitting your
sequence and descriptive information to GenBank. Your submission will
be submitted directly to GenBank via the World Wide Web, and
immediately forwarded for inclusion in the EMBL and DDBJ databases.
BankIt may be used with Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other common
WWW clients. You can access BankIt from GenBank's home page:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
AUTHORIN. Authorin sequence submissions are no longer accepted by
GenBank, and the Authorin application is no longer distributed by NCBI.
If you have questions about GenBank submissions or any of the data
submission tools, contact NCBI at: [email protected] or 301-496-2475.
1.6 Organization of This Document
The second section describes the contents of GenBank releases. The third
section illustrates the formats of the flat files. The fourth section
describes other versions of the data, the fifth section identifies known prob-
lems, and the sixth contains administrative details.
2. ORGANIZATION OF DATA FILES
2.1 Overview
GenBank releases consist of a set of ASCII text files, most of which
contain sequence data. A few supplemental "index" files are also supplied,
containing comprehensive lists of author names, journal citations,
gene names, and keywords, along with the accession numbers of the records
in which they can be found (see Section 3.3). The line-lengths of
these files is variable.
2.2 Files
This GenBank flat file release consists of 532 files. The lists
that follow describe each of the files included in the distribution.
Their sizes and base pair content are also summarized.
2.2.1 File Descriptions
1. gbrel.txt - Release notes (this document).
2. gbsdr.txt - Short directory of the data bank.
3. gbacc.idx - Index of the entries according to accession number.
4. gbkey.idx - Index of the entries according to keyword phrase.
5. gbaut1.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 1.
6. gbaut2.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 2.
7. gbaut3.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 3.
8. gbaut4.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 4.
9. gbaut5.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 5.
10. gbaut6.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 6.
11. gbaut7.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 7.
12. gbaut8.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 8.
13. gbaut9.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 9.
14. gbaut10.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 10.
15. gbaut11.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 11.
16. gbaut12.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 12.
17. gbaut13.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 13.
18. gbaut14.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 14.
19. gbaut15.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 15.
20. gbaut16.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 16.
21. gbaut17.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 17.
22. gbaut18.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 18.
23. gbaut19.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 19.
24. gbaut20.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 20.
25. gbjou.idx - Index of the entries according to journal citation.
26. gbgen.idx - Index of the entries according to gene names.
27. gbsec.idx - Index of the entries according to secondary accession number.
28. gbpri1.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 1.
29. gbpri2.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 2.
30. gbpri3.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 3.
31. gbpri4.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 4.
32. gbpri5.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 5.
33. gbpri6.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 6.
34. gbpri7.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 7.
35. gbpri8.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 8.
36. gbpri9.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 9.
37. gbpri10.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 10.
38. gbpri11.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 11.
39. gbpri12.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 12.
40. gbpri13.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 13.
41. gbpri14.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 14.
42. gbpri15.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 15.
43. gbpri16.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 16.
44. gbpri17.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 17.
45. gbpri18.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 18.
46. gbpri19.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 19.
47. gbpri20.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 20.
48. gbpri21.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 21.
49. gbpri22.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 22.
50. gbpri23.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 23.
51. gbpri24.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 24.
52. gbpri25.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 25.
53. gbpri26.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 26.
54. gbrod1.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 1.
55. gbrod2.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 2.
56. gbrod3.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 3.
57. gbrod4.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 4.
58. gbrod5.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 5.
59. gbrod6.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 6.
60. gbrod7.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 7.
61. gbrod8.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 8.
62. gbrod9.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 9.
63. gbmam.seq - Other mammalian sequence entries.
64. gbvrt1.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 1.
65. gbvrt2.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 2.
66. gbvrt3.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 3.
67. gbinv1.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 1.
68. gbinv2.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 2.
69. gbinv3.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 3.
70. gbinv4.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 4.
71. gbinv5.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 5.
72. gbinv6.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 6.
73. gbpln1.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 1.
74. gbpln2.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 2.
75. gbpln3.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 3.
76. gbpln4.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 4.
77. gbpln5.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 5.
78. gbpln6.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 6.
79. gbpln7.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 7.
80. gbpln8.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 8.
81. gbpln9.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 9.
82. gbbct1.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 1.
83. gbbct2.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 2.
84. gbbct3.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 3.
85. gbbct4.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 4.
86. gbbct5.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 5.
87. gbbct6.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 6.
88. gbbct7.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 7.
89. gbbct8.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 8.
90. gbvrl1.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 1.
91. gbvrl2.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 2.
92. gbvrl3.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 3.
93. gbphg.seq - Phage sequence entries.
94. gbsyn.seq - Synthetic and chimeric sequence entries.
95. gbuna.seq - Unannotated sequence entries.
96. gbest1.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 1.
97. gbest2.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 2.
98. gbest3.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 3.
99. gbest4.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 4.
100. gbest5.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 5.
101. gbest6.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 6.
102. gbest7.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 7.
103. gbest8.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 8.
104. gbest9.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 9.
105. gbest10.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 10.
106. gbest11.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 11.
107. gbest12.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 12.
108. gbest13.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 13.
109. gbest14.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 14.
110. gbest15.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 15.
111. gbest16.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 16.
112. gbest17.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 17.
113. gbest18.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 18.
114. gbest19.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 19.
115. gbest20.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 20.
116. gbest21.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 21.
117. gbest22.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 22.
118. gbest23.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 23.
119. gbest24.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 24.
120. gbest25.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 25.
121. gbest26.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 26.
122. gbest27.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 27.
123. gbest28.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 28.
124. gbest29.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 29.
125. gbest30.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 30.
126. gbest31.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 31.
127. gbest32.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 32.
128. gbest33.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 33.
129. gbest34.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 34.
130. gbest35.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 35.
131. gbest36.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 36.
132. gbest37.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 37.
133. gbest38.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 38.
134. gbest39.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 39.
135. gbest40.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 40.
136. gbest41.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 41.
137. gbest42.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 42.
138. gbest43.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 43.
139. gbest44.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 44.
140. gbest45.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 45.
141. gbest46.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 46.
142. gbest47.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 47.
143. gbest48.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 48.
144. gbest49.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 49.
145. gbest50.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 50.
146. gbest51.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 51.
147. gbest52.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 52.
148. gbest53.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 53.
149. gbest54.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 54.
150. gbest55.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 55.
151. gbest56.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 56.
152. gbest57.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 57.
153. gbest58.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 58.
154. gbest59.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 59.
155. gbest60.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 60.
156. gbest61.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 61.
157. gbest62.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 62.
158. gbest63.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 63.
159. gbest64.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 64.
160. gbest65.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 65.
161. gbest66.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 66.
162. gbest67.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 67.
163. gbest68.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 68.
164. gbest69.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 69.
165. gbest70.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 70.
166. gbest71.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 71.
167. gbest72.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 72.
168. gbest73.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 73.
169. gbest74.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 74.
170. gbest75.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 75.
171. gbest76.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 76.
172. gbest77.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 77.
173. gbest78.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 78.
174. gbest79.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 79.
175. gbest80.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 80.
176. gbest81.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 81.
177. gbest82.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 82.
178. gbest83.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 83.
179. gbest84.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 84.
180. gbest85.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 85.
181. gbest86.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 86.
182. gbest87.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 87.
183. gbest88.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 88.
184. gbest89.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 89
185. gbest90.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 90.
186. gbest91.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 91.
187. gbest92.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 92.
188. gbest93.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 93.
189. gbest94.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 94.
190. gbest95.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 95.
191. gbest96.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 96.
192. gbest97.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 97.
193. gbest98.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 98.
194. gbest99.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 99.
195. gbest100.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 100.
196. gbest101.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 101.
197. gbest102.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 102.
198. gbest103.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 103.
199. gbest104.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 104.
200. gbest105.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 105.
201. gbest106.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 106.
202. gbest107.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 107.
203. gbest108.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 108.
204. gbest109.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 109.
205. gbest110.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 110.
206. gbest111.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 111.
207. gbest112.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 112.
208. gbest113.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 113.
209. gbest114.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 114.
210. gbest115.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 115.
211. gbest116.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 116.
212. gbest117.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 117.
213. gbest118.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 118.
214. gbest119.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 119.
215. gbest120.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 120.
216. gbest121.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 121.
217. gbest122.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 122.
218. gbest123.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 123.
219. gbest124.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 124.
220. gbest125.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 125.
221. gbest126.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 126.
222. gbest127.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 127.
223. gbest128.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 128.
224. gbest129.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 129.
225. gbest130.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 130.
226. gbest131.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 131.
227. gbest132.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 132.
228. gbest133.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 133.
229. gbest134.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 134.
230. gbest135.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 135.
231. gbest136.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 136.
232. gbest137.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 137.
233. gbest138.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 138.
234. gbest139.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 139.
235. gbest140.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 140.
236. gbest141.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 141.
237. gbest142.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 142.
238. gbest143.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 143.
239. gbest144.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 144.
240. gbest145.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 145.
241. gbest146.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 146.
242. gbest147.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 147.
243. gbest148.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 148.
244. gbest149.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 149.
245. gbest150.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 150.
246. gbest151.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 151.
247. gbest152.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 152.
248. gbest153.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 153.
249. gbest154.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 154.
250. gbest155.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 155.
251. gbest156.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 156.
252. gbest157.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 157.
253. gbest158.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 158.
254. gbest159.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 159.
255. gbest160.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 160.
256. gbest161.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 161.
257. gbest162.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 162.
258. gbest163.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 163.
259. gbest164.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 164.
260. gbest165.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 165.
261. gbest166.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 166.
262. gbest167.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 167.
263. gbest168.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 168.
264. gbest169.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 169.
265. gbest170.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 170.
266. gbest171.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 171.
267. gbest172.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 172.
268. gbest173.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 173.
269. gbest174.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 174.
270. gbest175.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 175.
271. gbest176.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 176.
272. gbest177.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 177.
273. gbest178.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 178.
274. gbest179.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 179.
275. gbest180.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 180.
276. gbest181.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 181.
277. gbest182.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 182.
278. gbest183.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 183.
279. gbest184.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 184.
280. gbest185.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 185.
281. gbest186.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 186.
282. gbest187.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 187.
283. gbest188.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 188.
284. gbest189.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 189.
285. gbest190.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 190.
286. gbest191.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 191.
287. gbest192.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 192.
288. gbest193.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 193.
289. gbest194.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 194.
290. gbest195.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 195.
291. gbest196.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 196.
292. gbest197.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 197.
293. gbest198.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 198.
294. gbest199.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 199.
295. gbest200.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 200.
296. gbest201.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 201.
297. gbest202.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 202.
298. gbest203.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 203.
299. gbest204.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 204.
300. gbest205.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 205.
301. gbest206.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 206.
302. gbest207.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 207.
303. gbest208.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 208.
304. gbest209.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 209.
305. gbest210.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 210.
306. gbest211.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 211.
307. gbest212.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 212.
308. gbest213.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 213.
309. gbest214.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 214.
310. gbest215.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 215.
311. gbest216.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 216.
312. gbest217.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 217.
313. gbest218.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 218.
314. gbest219.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 219.
315. gbest220.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 220.
316. gbest221.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 221.
317. gbest222.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 222.
318. gbest223.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 223.
319. gbest224.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 224.
320. gbest225.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 225.
321. gbest226.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 226.
322. gbest227.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 227.
323. gbest228.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 228.
324. gbest229.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 229.
325. gbest230.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 230.
326. gbest231.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 231.
327. gbest232.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 232.
328. gbest233.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 233.
329. gbest234.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 234.
330. gbest235.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 235.
331. gbest236.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 236.
332. gbest237.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 237.
333. gbest238.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 238.
334. gbest239.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 239.
335. gbest240.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 240.
336. gbest241.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 241.
337. gbest242.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 242.
338. gbest243.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 243.
339. gbest244.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 244.
340. gbest245.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 245.
341. gbest246.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 246.
342. gbest247.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 247.
343. gbest248.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 248.
344. gbest249.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 249.
345. gbest250.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 250.
346. gbest251.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 251.
347. gbest252.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 252.
348. gbest253.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 253.
349. gbest254.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 254.
350. gbest255.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 255.
351. gbest256.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 256.
352. gbest257.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 257.
353. gbest258.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 258.
354. gbest259.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 259.
355. gbest260.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 260.
356. gbest261.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 261.
357. gbest262.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 262.
358. gbest263.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 263.
359. gbest264.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 264.
360. gbest265.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 265.
361. gbest266.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 266.
362. gbest267.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 267.
363. gbest268.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 268.
364. gbest269.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 269.
365. gbest270.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 270.
366. gbpat1.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 1.
367. gbpat2.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 2.
368. gbpat3.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 3.
369. gbpat4.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 4.
370. gbpat5.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 5.
371. gbpat6.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 6.
372. gbpat7.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 7.
373. gbpat8.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 8.
374. gbpat9.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 9.
375. gbpat10.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 10.
376. gbsts1.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 1.
377. gbsts2.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 2.
378. gbsts3.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 3.
379. gbgss1.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 1.
380. gbgss2.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 2.
381. gbgss3.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 3.
382. gbgss4.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 4.
383. gbgss5.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 5.
384. gbgss6.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 6.
385. gbgss7.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 7.
386. gbgss8.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 8.
387. gbgss9.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 9.
388. gbgss10.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 10.
389. gbgss11.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 11.
390. gbgss12.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 12.
391. gbgss13.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 13.
392. gbgss14.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 14.
393. gbgss15.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 15.
394. gbgss16.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 16.
395. gbgss17.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 17.
396. gbgss18.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 18.
397. gbgss19.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 19.
398. gbgss20.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 20.
399. gbgss21.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 21.
400. gbgss22.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 22.
401. gbgss23.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 23.
402. gbgss24.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 24.
403. gbgss25.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 25.
404. gbgss26.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 26.
405. gbgss27.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 27.
406. gbgss28.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 28.
407. gbgss29.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 29.
408. gbgss30.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 30.
409. gbgss31.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 31.
410. gbgss32.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 32.
411. gbgss33.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 33.
412. gbgss34.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 34.
413. gbgss35.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 35.
414. gbgss36.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 36.
415. gbgss37.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 37.
416. gbgss38.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 38.
417. gbgss39.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 39.
418. gbgss40.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 40.
419. gbgss41.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 41.
420. gbgss42.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 42.
421. gbgss43.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 43.
422. gbgss44.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 44.
423. gbgss45.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 45.
424. gbgss46.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 46.
425. gbgss47.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 47.
426. gbgss48.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 48.
427. gbgss49.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 49.
428. gbgss50.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 50.
429. gbgss51.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 51.
430. gbgss52.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 52.
431. gbgss53.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 53.
432. gbgss54.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 54.
433. gbgss55.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 55.
434. gbgss56.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 56.
435. gbgss57.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 57.
436. gbgss58.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 58.
437. gbgss59.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 59.
438. gbgss60.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 60.
439. gbgss61.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 61.
440. gbgss62.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 62.
441. gbgss63.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 63.
442. gbgss64.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 64.
443. gbgss65.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 65.
444. gbgss66.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 66.
445. gbgss67.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 67.
446. gbgss68.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 68.
447. gbgss69.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 69.
448. gbgss70.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 70.
449. gbgss71.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 71.
450. gbgss72.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 72.
451. gbgss73.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 73.
452. gbgss74.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 74.
453. gbgss75.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 75.
454. gbgss76.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 76.
455. gbgss77.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 77.
456. gbgss78.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 78.
457. gbgss79.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 79.
458. gbgss80.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 80.
459. gbgss81.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 81.
460. gbgss82.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 82.
461. gbgss83.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 83.
462. gbgss84.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 84.
463. gbhtg1.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 1.
464. gbhtg2.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 2.
465. gbhtg3.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 3.
466. gbhtg4.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 4.
467. gbhtg5.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 5.
468. gbhtg6.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 6.
469. gbhtg7.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 7.
470. gbhtg8.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 8.
471. gbhtg9.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 9.
472. gbhtg10.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 10.
473. gbhtg11.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 11.
474. gbhtg12.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 12.
475. gbhtg13.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 13.
476. gbhtg14.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 14.
477. gbhtg15.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 15.
478. gbhtg16.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 16.
479. gbhtg17.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 17.
480. gbhtg18.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 18.
481. gbhtg19.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 19.
482. gbhtg20.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 20.
483. gbhtg21.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 21.
484. gbhtg22.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 22.
485. gbhtg23.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 23.
486. gbhtg24.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 24.
487. gbhtg25.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 25.
488. gbhtg26.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 26.
489. gbhtg27.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 27.
490. gbhtg28.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 28.
491. gbhtg29.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 29.
492. gbhtg30.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 30.
493. gbhtg31.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 31.
494. gbhtg32.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 32.
495. gbhtg33.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 33.
496. gbhtg34.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 34.
497. gbhtg35.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 35.
498. gbhtg36.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 36.
499. gbhtg37.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 37.
500. gbhtg38.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 38.
501. gbhtg39.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 39.
502. gbhtg40.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 40.
503. gbhtg41.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 41.
504. gbhtg42.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 42.
505. gbhtg43.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 43.
506. gbhtg44.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 44.
507. gbhtg45.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 45.
508. gbhtg46.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 46.
509. gbhtg47.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 47.
510. gbhtg48.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 48.
511. gbhtg49.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 49.
512. gbhtg50.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 50.
513. gbhtg51.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 51.
514. gbhtg52.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 52.
515. gbhtg53.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 53.
516. gbhtg54.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 54.
517. gbhtg55.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 55.
518. gbhtg56.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 56.
519. gbhtg57.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 57.
520. gbhtg58.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 58.
521. gbhtg59.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 59.
522. gbhtg60.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 60.
523. gbhtg61.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 61.
524. gbhtg62.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 62.
525. gbhtc1.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 1.
526. gbhtc2.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 2.
527. gbhtc3.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 3.
528. gbhtc4.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 4.
529. gbcon.seq - CON division entries (see description below for details)
530. gbchg.txt - Accession numbers of entries updated since the previous release.
531. gbdel.txt - Accession numbers of entries deleted since the previous release.
532. gbnew.txt - Accession numbers of entries new since the previous release.
The gbcon.seq data file provides an alternative representation for complex
sequences, such as segmented sets and complete-genomes that have been split
into pieces. These "CON" records do not contain sequence data; they utilize
a CONTIG linetype with a join() statement which describes how the component
sequences can be assembled to form the larger sequence. The contents of the
CON division are not reflected in the 'index', 'new', 'chg', and 'del' files
that accompany GenBank releases, nor in release statistics (Sections 2.2.6,
2.2.7, and 2.2.8). The GenBank README describes the CON division of GenBank
in more detail:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/README.genbank
2.2.5 File Sizes
Uncompressed, the Release 137.0 flatfiles require roughly 107 GB (sequence
files only) or 121 GB (including the 'short directory' and 'index' files).
The following table contains the approximate sizes of the individual files in
this release. Since minor changes to some of the files might have occurred
after these release notes were written, these sizes should not be used to
determine file integrity; they are provided as an aid to planning only.
File Size File Name
890642343 gbacc.idx
503277197 gbaut1.idx
504627379 gbaut10.idx
501577990 gbaut11.idx
500324741 gbaut12.idx
500707148 gbaut13.idx
524572190 gbaut14.idx
514490366 gbaut15.idx
517176982 gbaut16.idx
518254442 gbaut17.idx
517705479 gbaut18.idx
523291349 gbaut19.idx
503495734 gbaut2.idx
444149203 gbaut20.idx
501742812 gbaut3.idx
506008762 gbaut4.idx
513938547 gbaut5.idx
513942220 gbaut6.idx
510057330 gbaut7.idx
502334959 gbaut8.idx
515932754 gbaut9.idx
250017040 gbbct1.seq
250347902 gbbct2.seq
250001066 gbbct3.seq
250513818 gbbct4.seq
250001224 gbbct5.seq
250000965 gbbct6.seq
250000289 gbbct7.seq
5319295 gbbct8.seq
4720999 gbchg.txt
112788 gbdel.txt
230690239 gbest1.seq
230688913 gbest10.seq
230689773 gbest100.seq
230690307 gbest101.seq
230688538 gbest102.seq
230689670 gbest103.seq
230689193 gbest104.seq
230689170 gbest105.seq
230688358 gbest106.seq
230689493 gbest107.seq
230688438 gbest108.seq
230690392 gbest109.seq
230688688 gbest11.seq
230689216 gbest110.seq
230688391 gbest111.seq
230689744 gbest112.seq
230690369 gbest113.seq
230689281 gbest114.seq
230687561 gbest115.seq
230689605 gbest116.seq
230690513 gbest117.seq
230687560 gbest118.seq
230688205 gbest119.seq
230688847 gbest12.seq
230689236 gbest120.seq
230690083 gbest121.seq
230688220 gbest122.seq
230689039 gbest123.seq
230687972 gbest124.seq
230689456 gbest125.seq
230688911 gbest126.seq
230690694 gbest127.seq
230688713 gbest128.seq
230690215 gbest129.seq
230689478 gbest13.seq
230690059 gbest130.seq
230688107 gbest131.seq
230689368 gbest132.seq
230687684 gbest133.seq
230691037 gbest134.seq
230690311 gbest135.seq
230687910 gbest136.seq
230687965 gbest137.seq
230688308 gbest138.seq
230690388 gbest139.seq
230688732 gbest14.seq
230687486 gbest140.seq
230689062 gbest141.seq
230689181 gbest142.seq
230688489 gbest143.seq
230689608 gbest144.seq
230688815 gbest145.seq
230689487 gbest146.seq
230688832 gbest147.seq
230688555 gbest148.seq
230689624 gbest149.seq
230687749 gbest15.seq
230688049 gbest150.seq
230688516 gbest151.seq
230688382 gbest152.seq
230688341 gbest153.seq
230690567 gbest154.seq
230689310 gbest155.seq
230688258 gbest156.seq
230690623 gbest157.seq
230688466 gbest158.seq
230688394 gbest159.seq
230690653 gbest16.seq
230688532 gbest160.seq
230690682 gbest161.seq
230689300 gbest162.seq
230689741 gbest163.seq
230687848 gbest164.seq
230687779 gbest165.seq
230687572 gbest166.seq
230690229 gbest167.seq
230690018 gbest168.seq
230690584 gbest169.seq
230690708 gbest17.seq
230688763 gbest170.seq
230687619 gbest171.seq
230690790 gbest172.seq
230690319 gbest173.seq
230689678 gbest174.seq
230687589 gbest175.seq
230689984 gbest176.seq
230687575 gbest177.seq
230688788 gbest178.seq
230689601 gbest179.seq
230689046 gbest18.seq
230687777 gbest180.seq
230687791 gbest181.seq
230688230 gbest182.seq
230689779 gbest183.seq
230687517 gbest184.seq
230688935 gbest185.seq
230688294 gbest186.seq
230689577 gbest187.seq
230689151 gbest188.seq
230687938 gbest189.seq
230691044 gbest19.seq
230688878 gbest190.seq
230687893 gbest191.seq
230687629 gbest192.seq
230690176 gbest193.seq
230688814 gbest194.seq
230687757 gbest195.seq
230688397 gbest196.seq
166371183 gbest197.seq
163866782 gbest198.seq
168374431 gbest199.seq
230689402 gbest2.seq
230690678 gbest20.seq
170884958 gbest200.seq
171254487 gbest201.seq
165780363 gbest202.seq
166679566 gbest203.seq
166017040 gbest204.seq
166054492 gbest205.seq
166220333 gbest206.seq
165987120 gbest207.seq
165458350 gbest208.seq
165799742 gbest209.seq
230691012 gbest21.seq
168636977 gbest210.seq
163431438 gbest211.seq
165838286 gbest212.seq
170357472 gbest213.seq
168490406 gbest214.seq
167222389 gbest215.seq
167203274 gbest216.seq
166884824 gbest217.seq
166638379 gbest218.seq
165918891 gbest219.seq
230688279 gbest22.seq
166004101 gbest220.seq
167144583 gbest221.seq
170301853 gbest222.seq
180902124 gbest223.seq
172699005 gbest224.seq
230688208 gbest225.seq
230690762 gbest226.seq
230690196 gbest227.seq
230689945 gbest228.seq
230689421 gbest229.seq
230688683 gbest23.seq
230689557 gbest230.seq
230688966 gbest231.seq
230690378 gbest232.seq
230690750 gbest233.seq
230688264 gbest234.seq
230690833 gbest235.seq
230689998 gbest236.seq
230690715 gbest237.seq
230687630 gbest238.seq
230688054 gbest239.seq
230687572 gbest24.seq
230689189 gbest240.seq
230690045 gbest241.seq
230690702 gbest242.seq
230688843 gbest243.seq
230688684 gbest244.seq
230687671 gbest245.seq
230688727 gbest246.seq
230690079 gbest247.seq
230688785 gbest248.seq
230689099 gbest249.seq
230690233 gbest25.seq
230690362 gbest250.seq
230688215 gbest251.seq
230691453 gbest252.seq
230688483 gbest253.seq
230688447 gbest254.seq
230690363 gbest255.seq
230689188 gbest256.seq
230688914 gbest257.seq
230689695 gbest258.seq
230689346 gbest259.seq
230688182 gbest26.seq
230690930 gbest260.seq
230689785 gbest261.seq
230688783 gbest262.seq
230688666 gbest263.seq
230687888 gbest264.seq
230688518 gbest265.seq
230688914 gbest266.seq
226253542 gbest267.seq
230688337 gbest268.seq
230687467 gbest269.seq
230689382 gbest27.seq
1512776 gbest270.seq
230687811 gbest28.seq
230687484 gbest29.seq
230689641 gbest3.seq
230688698 gbest30.seq
230689515 gbest31.seq
230689445 gbest32.seq
230688462 gbest33.seq
230689122 gbest34.seq
230687462 gbest35.seq
230689764 gbest36.seq
194770144 gbest37.seq
193831943 gbest38.seq
213569280 gbest39.seq
230690502 gbest4.seq
218401605 gbest40.seq
218088197 gbest41.seq
218974980 gbest42.seq
230689409 gbest43.seq
230688675 gbest44.seq
230689849 gbest45.seq
226357761 gbest46.seq
230687883 gbest47.seq
230690329 gbest48.seq
230688199 gbest49.seq
169478121 gbest5.seq
230687604 gbest50.seq
230688290 gbest51.seq
230688862 gbest52.seq
230688468 gbest53.seq
230690714 gbest54.seq
230689940 gbest55.seq
230690989 gbest56.seq
230690010 gbest57.seq
230689776 gbest58.seq
230689393 gbest59.seq
178687378 gbest6.seq
230690476 gbest60.seq
230688891 gbest61.seq
219158308 gbest62.seq
211336363 gbest63.seq
210951119 gbest64.seq
210955867 gbest65.seq
211369195 gbest66.seq
212744542 gbest67.seq
211168058 gbest68.seq
210761914 gbest69.seq
230688865 gbest7.seq
212036852 gbest70.seq
211872186 gbest71.seq
207147553 gbest72.seq
209709581 gbest73.seq
209065123 gbest74.seq
211386147 gbest75.seq
223307128 gbest76.seq
230692802 gbest77.seq
230688645 gbest78.seq
227553317 gbest79.seq
230690111 gbest8.seq
218973404 gbest80.seq
216113402 gbest81.seq
228479195 gbest82.seq
230688973 gbest83.seq
230687714 gbest84.seq
230690582 gbest85.seq
230689381 gbest86.seq
230688714 gbest87.seq
230689465 gbest88.seq
230688286 gbest89.seq
230689639 gbest9.seq
230690234 gbest90.seq
230689701 gbest91.seq
230688158 gbest92.seq
230688108 gbest93.seq
230688886 gbest94.seq
230688542 gbest95.seq
230690848 gbest96.seq
230688187 gbest97.seq
230690049 gbest98.seq
230690417 gbest99.seq
30855019 gbgen.idx
209718398 gbgss1.seq
209718902 gbgss10.seq
209718556 gbgss11.seq
209718122 gbgss12.seq
209717388 gbgss13.seq
209716609 gbgss14.seq
209718299 gbgss15.seq
209717187 gbgss16.seq
209718356 gbgss17.seq
209717245 gbgss18.seq
209718316 gbgss19.seq
209717475 gbgss2.seq
209717994 gbgss20.seq
209716767 gbgss21.seq
209717640 gbgss22.seq
209718513 gbgss23.seq
209719955 gbgss24.seq
209716366 gbgss25.seq
209717708 gbgss26.seq
209718075 gbgss27.seq
209717798 gbgss28.seq
209716619 gbgss29.seq
209716519 gbgss3.seq
209718102 gbgss30.seq
209717571 gbgss31.seq
209716175 gbgss32.seq
209718706 gbgss33.seq
209716323 gbgss34.seq
209718203 gbgss35.seq
209718446 gbgss36.seq
209718341 gbgss37.seq
209716237 gbgss38.seq
209716893 gbgss39.seq
209717732 gbgss4.seq
209718577 gbgss40.seq
209717786 gbgss41.seq
209716967 gbgss42.seq
209716119 gbgss43.seq
209716698 gbgss44.seq
209717931 gbgss45.seq
209717700 gbgss46.seq
209718559 gbgss47.seq
209716383 gbgss48.seq
209716739 gbgss49.seq
209717281 gbgss5.seq
209716566 gbgss50.seq
209716023 gbgss51.seq
209717272 gbgss52.seq
209716077 gbgss53.seq
209717041 gbgss54.seq
209718511 gbgss55.seq
209717744 gbgss56.seq
209716530 gbgss57.seq
209718555 gbgss58.seq
209717868 gbgss59.seq
209717736 gbgss6.seq
209716945 gbgss60.seq
209717505 gbgss61.seq
209717430 gbgss62.seq
209716007 gbgss63.seq
209717783 gbgss64.seq
209716440 gbgss65.seq
209716644 gbgss66.seq
209718106 gbgss67.seq
209718505 gbgss68.seq
209716387 gbgss69.seq
209716168 gbgss7.seq
209718170 gbgss70.seq
209716623 gbgss71.seq
209717549 gbgss72.seq
156177628 gbgss73.seq
250000816 gbgss74.seq
250002075 gbgss75.seq
250000930 gbgss76.seq
250000183 gbgss77.seq
250001023 gbgss78.seq
250002429 gbgss79.seq
209716164 gbgss8.seq
250000213 gbgss80.seq
250001904 gbgss81.seq
250004029 gbgss82.seq
250000786 gbgss83.seq
196229683 gbgss84.seq
209718224 gbgss9.seq
250004721 gbhtc1.seq
250003279 gbhtc2.seq
250000469 gbhtc3.seq
70570915 gbhtc4.seq
250080624 gbhtg1.seq
250092622 gbhtg10.seq
250056436 gbhtg11.seq
250046413 gbhtg12.seq
250023547 gbhtg13.seq
250155386 gbhtg14.seq
250256459 gbhtg15.seq
250038001 gbhtg16.seq
250261769 gbhtg17.seq
250165739 gbhtg18.seq
250109127 gbhtg19.seq
250010751 gbhtg2.seq
250307205 gbhtg20.seq
250162072 gbhtg21.seq
250211355 gbhtg22.seq
250001196 gbhtg23.seq
250003603 gbhtg24.seq
250088047 gbhtg25.seq
250095304 gbhtg26.seq
250193591 gbhtg27.seq
250257323 gbhtg28.seq
250047907 gbhtg29.seq
250010953 gbhtg3.seq
250098854 gbhtg30.seq
250028662 gbhtg31.seq
250304901 gbhtg32.seq
250168267 gbhtg33.seq
250245639 gbhtg34.seq
250059099 gbhtg35.seq
250266150 gbhtg36.seq
250244611 gbhtg37.seq
250338342 gbhtg38.seq
250240215 gbhtg39.seq
250081550 gbhtg4.seq
250184239 gbhtg40.seq
250051364 gbhtg41.seq
250032890 gbhtg42.seq
250324282 gbhtg43.seq
250267104 gbhtg44.seq
250011137 gbhtg45.seq
250225792 gbhtg46.seq
250127686 gbhtg47.seq
250049813 gbhtg48.seq
250005951 gbhtg49.seq
250003212 gbhtg5.seq
250109046 gbhtg50.seq
250100106 gbhtg51.seq
250078578 gbhtg52.seq
250201917 gbhtg53.seq
250119315 gbhtg54.seq
250263582 gbhtg55.seq
250187275 gbhtg56.seq
250015562 gbhtg57.seq
250015162 gbhtg58.seq
250003865 gbhtg59.seq
250031381 gbhtg6.seq
250042481 gbhtg60.seq
250141504 gbhtg61.seq
238017415 gbhtg62.seq
250038243 gbhtg7.seq
250219690 gbhtg8.seq
250097470 gbhtg9.seq
250019771 gbinv1.seq
250135035 gbinv2.seq
250001107 gbinv3.seq
250015712 gbinv4.seq
250001889 gbinv5.seq
73430438 gbinv6.seq
691631210 gbjou.idx
610087723 gbkey.idx
183776331 gbmam.seq
25017097 gbnew.txt
250004941 gbpat1.seq
77048495 gbpat10.seq
250000912 gbpat2.seq
250000754 gbpat3.seq
250001263 gbpat4.seq
250000285 gbpat5.seq
250023467 gbpat6.seq
250001029 gbpat7.seq
250000553 gbpat8.seq
250001585 gbpat9.seq
25031381 gbphg.seq
250153558 gbpln1.seq
250002620 gbpln2.seq
250002541 gbpln3.seq
250007374 gbpln4.seq
250046687 gbpln5.seq
250003374 gbpln6.seq
250064817 gbpln7.seq
250000316 gbpln8.seq
169709493 gbpln9.seq
250195865 gbpri1.seq
250034109 gbpri10.seq
250022539 gbpri11.seq
250225112 gbpri12.seq
250190421 gbpri13.seq
250255655 gbpri14.seq
250004833 gbpri15.seq
250082261 gbpri16.seq
250105456 gbpri17.seq
250017465 gbpri18.seq
250011767 gbpri19.seq
250062706 gbpri2.seq
250141446 gbpri20.seq
250002273 gbpri21.seq
250003632 gbpri22.seq
250003140 gbpri23.seq
250001180 gbpri24.seq
250001042 gbpri25.seq
9560026 gbpri26.seq
250022857 gbpri3.seq
250094089 gbpri4.seq
250014916 gbpri5.seq
250023544 gbpri6.seq
250250528 gbpri7.seq
250212159 gbpri8.seq
250202279 gbpri9.seq
163172 gbrel.txt
250015906 gbrod1.seq
250135278 gbrod2.seq
250007774 gbrod3.seq
250130073 gbrod4.seq
250008658 gbrod5.seq
250133096 gbrod6.seq
250004278 gbrod7.seq
250007132 gbrod8.seq
92910092 gbrod9.seq
2177132844 gbsdr.txt
250000395 gbsts1.seq
250002022 gbsts2.seq
181724212 gbsts3.seq
1500630 gbsec.idx
47651835 gbsyn.seq
2424068 gbuna.seq
250000642 gbvrl1.seq
250004200 gbvrl2.seq
176071457 gbvrl3.seq
250196323 gbvrt1.seq
250068264 gbvrt2.seq
167007298 gbvrt3.seq
2.2.6 Per-Division Statistics
The following table provides a per-division breakdown of the number of
sequence entries and the total number of bases of DNA/RNA in each sequence
data file:
Division Entries Bases
BCT1 23212 99978999
BCT2 8071 106706178
BCT3 28828 101791846
BCT4 41806 94000003
BCT5 32540 103040461
BCT6 27532 94129230
BCT7 38692 90279996
BCT8 894 1911043
EST1 67482 26039454
EST10 76218 29487275
EST100 72477 41751841
EST101 68289 28927786
EST102 69614 32242234
EST103 63527 33103351
EST104 67051 39872312
EST105 71171 47185001
EST106 74491 29218087
EST107 73975 32316567
EST108 73990 26671950
EST109 73037 35391002
EST11 74111 28418471
EST110 67356 36015104
EST111 73457 42229430
EST112 78737 43905596
EST113 73940 47573662
EST114 67203 41041000
EST115 68505 44101493
EST116 71848 47061056
EST117 71125 43895159
EST118 73813 42142152
EST119 73723 46432909
EST12 75893 30363341
EST120 72383 48519873
EST121 72102 50267872
EST122 77989 38640578
EST123 75238 30616049
EST124 78143 40274570
EST125 76812 41969433
EST126 75706 46861077
EST127 60390 27930107
EST128 71667 38589326
EST129 67482 39492874
EST13 76283 29051594
EST130 65211 35426449
EST131 70979 42724498
EST132 71395 44511548
EST133 68034 39478251
EST134 71895 39255624
EST135 69950 43691296
EST136 65245 39606194
EST137 68685 38509009
EST138 101432 55093332
EST139 79198 44611755
EST14 76090 30321342
EST140 101574 53367896
EST141 107062 57190029
EST142 99354 54669021
EST143 88979 53246575
EST144 67965 37232698
EST145 65800 29979198
EST146 60085 27593532
EST147 55829 27293357
EST148 62420 30839886
EST149 54087 27272269
EST15 75027 31692298
EST150 79644 54578755
EST151 68195 36309635
EST152 71844 51853368
EST153 71071 40375662
EST154 60463 30297051
EST155 64082 38641859
EST156 65930 32117147
EST157 62913 45685947
EST158 63322 36428119
EST159 87360 47704623
EST16 74959 33003541
EST160 64110 44212615
EST161 69823 37355861
EST162 55646 32383217
EST163 69804 43691998
EST164 72434 27171645
EST165 75423 42483201
EST166 74669 39445821
EST167 68297 34822515
EST168 67839 37673754
EST169 69681 52027366
EST17 78284 31761398
EST170 66471 40661848
EST171 69012 34782663
EST172 68650 49537117
EST173 68202 48967111
EST174 70843 37367311
EST175 68328 43125665
EST176 70169 59543519
EST177 63497 46669319
EST178 63098 46355034
EST179 63164 46068152
EST18 82729 34000958
EST180 64668 45290049
EST181 66186 50595024
EST182 62442 39842754
EST183 62084 39079076
EST184 60756 34084218
EST185 68752 39133159
EST186 84062 49001968
EST187 79349 52544309
EST188 78548 46177228
EST189 104064 64459316
EST19 77260 30103492
EST190 106282 63704260
EST191 98015 58798160
EST192 68471 37237501
EST193 68075 60937652
EST194 66383 67970327
EST195 74663 53395939
EST196 77293 37192886
EST197 27592 10292372
EST198 27906 10549492
EST199 27170 10101948
EST2 73960 28405514
EST20 74307 31876591
EST200 26731 9675347
EST201 26725 9106274
EST202 27546 10062891
EST203 27260 9787049
EST204 27297 9902992
EST205 27300 11053391
EST206 27210 11816173
EST207 27282 10970064
EST208 27506 9769535
EST209 27496 8985290
EST21 73772 33079460
EST210 27145 10251793
EST211 27971 11110361
EST212 27642 11050492
EST213 26812 11397961
EST214 26819 12236325
EST215 27192 10725400
EST216 27075 11091503
EST217 27094 12008548
EST218 27266 11441731
EST219 27336 10774947
EST22 72482 30334439
EST220 27316 10936903
EST221 27185 10376821
EST222 26587 13388764
EST223 24719 17108467
EST224 26030 17519352
EST225 101315 39055516
EST226 75989 40587517
EST227 75489 44421190
EST228 65715 38210461
EST229 68674 41696283
EST23 76831 31771455
EST230 60841 31428418
EST231 99942 46712075
EST232 83957 43888612
EST233 71371 37934877
EST234 63564 30730033
EST235 66987 43312418
EST236 70445 34117231
EST237 70962 33403593
EST238 72944 45099475
EST239 63774 35800039
EST24 74942 32366708
EST240 66145 37965016
EST241 75784 38100704
EST242 81925 46012555
EST243 80847 53524467
EST244 79698 54924690
EST245 110867 48716687
EST246 77463 40975440
EST247 72750 44387781
EST248 73606 39026766
EST249 69506 44342222
EST25 75298 33778373
EST250 70205 48062077
EST251 69614 40419904
EST252 65956 44364664
EST253 59168 35717630
EST254 67159 36624009
EST255 82821 44211883
EST256 88524 50322113
EST257 112193 49654421
EST258 103270 45173453
EST259 68741 36293351
EST26 70950 28826253
EST260 68230 39547211
EST261 74596 44577237
EST262 100157 33581531
EST263 71204 25429731
EST264 71563 26734447
EST265 72774 25845273
EST266 71565 26003337
EST267 78053 26159910
EST268 71369 28660363
EST269 73214 27794228
EST27 74568 31061657
EST270 805 329458
EST28 99115 46839145
EST29 77921 37797706
EST3 73008 29602505
EST30 63600 69072253
EST31 84320 51668620
EST32 94112 47641558
EST33 92148 48263727
EST34 102130 43642727
EST35 94760 52720511
EST36 97368 40817804
EST37 69229 18602635
EST38 69445 18563634
EST39 68945 20745086
EST4 73620 28044133
EST40 43455 11885989
EST41 43354 12107844
EST42 43097 11595138
EST43 64270 24612837
EST44 95877 42293992
EST45 92654 44091591
EST46 86783 44789278
EST47 98024 48998682
EST48 102281 52734602
EST49 74809 32897651
EST5 49000 15800326
EST50 66764 28350382
EST51 71936 32308984
EST52 72100 30755514
EST53 76156 31321871
EST54 79040 31204804
EST55 69536 27744814
EST56 62988 28374554
EST57 71434 31950479
EST58 79026 35727113
EST59 73479 29274453
EST6 54765 17167740
EST60 73333 25938654
EST61 86300 40561157
EST62 49031 15915349
EST63 40223 11116060
EST64 40250 12020607
EST65 40556 12521564
EST66 40648 12211420
EST67 40561 13043781
EST68 40621 12694352
EST69 40479 12329202
EST7 73594 29034709
EST70 40191 12082087
EST71 40667 12719102
EST72 41547 11814209
EST73 41294 13114623
EST74 41156 12699367
EST75 41051 13489674
EST76 45913 11929322
EST77 39945 24993111
EST78 41804 21862344
EST79 46083 18897833
EST8 74952 30042535
EST80 49953 22917184
EST81 51781 21499465
EST82 57254 23337130
EST83 75014 31298646
EST84 73851 28612861
EST85 72176 33385979
EST86 76970 46101748
EST87 75893 41117437
EST88 76536 38287498
EST89 75084 39597889
EST9 76966 29885821
EST90 70847 39770457
EST91 72692 31610703
EST92 74118 40948905
EST93 69876 34312144
EST94 76529 50060002
EST95 64219 33677000
EST96 71721 36884961
EST97 72154 41623391
EST98 72412 42919931
EST99 69807 42857314
GSS1 81358 34877394
GSS10 65039 33355549
GSS11 67692 39911513
GSS12 66176 32675724
GSS13 61430 33835469
GSS14 67515 34991512
GSS15 64368 30605233
GSS16 65384 28821351
GSS17 67239 35495586
GSS18 66000 38708038
GSS19 63484 29457352
GSS2 82757 34759037
GSS20 51855 25754083
GSS21 51699 26141463
GSS22 52313 24488906
GSS23 54402 23117436
GSS24 60847 39347223
GSS25 52573 23771721
GSS26 53996 33702056
GSS27 67151 34845144
GSS28 54948 20493940
GSS29 52338 24421251
GSS3 78179 37219980
GSS30 65235 29774194
GSS31 54879 29472376
GSS32 71018 36366397
GSS33 76247 35849850
GSS34 67407 36750416
GSS35 63813 42536587
GSS36 66808 33819481
GSS37 72425 37957896
GSS38 68685 36501274
GSS39 70755 39822675
GSS4 72766 37154824
GSS40 84098 55862158
GSS41 84107 55851635
GSS42 79393 40493607
GSS43 79638 45417732
GSS44 78856 36019851
GSS45 74476 25420488
GSS46 72566 51000128
GSS47 72298 51385886
GSS48 67393 46390889
GSS49 65052 43264973
GSS5 70065 37277545
GSS50 65257 42877331
GSS51 71182 38992995
GSS52 70652 36985194
GSS53 78724 55003892
GSS54 80415 60944389
GSS55 72155 47597653
GSS56 84187 51893733
GSS57 79074 50820943
GSS58 72612 46029894
GSS59 65487 34037105
GSS6 70425 35358440
GSS60 76779 51377598
GSS61 76245 37934511
GSS62 76471 49171424
GSS63 67492 64204505
GSS64 64385 70673994
GSS65 77443 61689106
GSS66 81615 57377538
GSS67 60072 39250977
GSS68 58241 40217713
GSS69 72310 53401990
GSS7 69487 34953767
GSS70 80264 60144477
GSS71 74361 44144651
GSS72 77382 50169648
GSS73 56732 38238407
GSS74 86694 65544743
GSS75 83144 62398545
GSS76 93755 40591012
GSS77 99264 57180252
GSS78 89189 57245279
GSS79 80889 63290424
GSS8 69701 35687977
GSS80 68545 57397613
GSS81 67396 59960024
GSS82 60521 57310666
GSS83 99422 55953254
GSS84 79571 36784453
GSS9 68253 33869892
HTC1 27623 44290909
HTC2 25836 58508653
HTC3 64188 74201152
HTC4 30781 21928983
HTG1 1330 190523074
HTG10 1230 189359128
HTG11 1415 187206722
HTG12 986 192006050
HTG13 757 192336679
HTG14 737 192532129
HTG15 762 192524555
HTG16 812 192170093
HTG17 774 192563624
HTG18 1445 185997923
HTG19 1593 183896570
HTG2 2506 188141985
HTG20 923 191312053
HTG21 1243 188511419
HTG22 818 191986991
HTG23 811 191922132
HTG24 970 191011910
HTG25 928 191319660
HTG26 883 191465696
HTG27 768 192319724
HTG28 864 191933783
HTG29 868 191822606
HTG3 2517 187854801
HTG30 889 191687837
HTG31 997 190725810
HTG32 972 191114392
HTG33 931 191400731
HTG34 1001 190865333
HTG35 914 191406306
HTG36 946 191948261
HTG37 907 191712352
HTG38 1007 191494412
HTG39 894 191814017
HTG4 2549 189790275
HTG40 861 192158265
HTG41 841 191889490
HTG42 882 191672719
HTG43 955 191452530
HTG44 967 191740937
HTG45 943 191840543
HTG46 962 191590383
HTG47 1097 190883549
HTG48 1226 189209319
HTG49 1119 190578161
HTG5 1293 188183977
HTG50 1264 190434959
HTG51 1075 191861076
HTG52 1171 189591732
HTG53 1086 191527310
HTG54 1196 191387388
HTG55 1276 192021348
HTG56 1241 191310041
HTG57 1056 193319649
HTG58 1280 191241469
HTG59 1177 194168456
HTG6 1289 187798115
HTG60 1035 194012934
HTG61 1007 194055127
HTG62 1037 178830039
HTG7 1252 188106358
HTG8 1291 187716898
HTG9 1209 189319495
INV1 10392 172416848
INV2 1277 166322247
INV3 58640 89985516
INV4 65667 79503871
INV5 31579 113003226
INV6 9618 34179586
MAM 51523 65126960
PAT1 213421 66849374
PAT10 71972 19633366
PAT2 194414 83932035
PAT3 144298 81706771
PAT4 108436 113880459
PAT5 138713 91440799
PAT6 131037 93904163
PAT7 122054 54659860
PAT8 98046 62063833
PAT9 107807 49133178
PHG 2325 9625272
PLN1 22468 136180370
PLN2 39108 127054585
PLN3 77012 76176270
PLN4 32549 53386007
PLN5 7394 163599679
PLN6 45978 82545173
PLN7 65080 71002176
PLN8 41198 118169236
PLN9 28464 68592980
PRI1 15675 152160857
PRI10 1404 174823628
PRI11 1264 175107498
PRI12 1498 175146086
PRI13 1600 178578940
PRI14 13304 164092644
PRI15 42681 116711009
PRI16 13468 155144901
PRI17 1585 180068608
PRI18 1752 181203204
PRI19 2218 187299921
PRI2 1409 171553820
PRI20 1481 186853896
PRI21 36420 112703543
PRI22 14757 161890304
PRI23 24058 144222076
PRI24 43286 122292741
PRI25 57797 98377755
PRI26 1531 4656145
PRI3 1255 181794903
PRI4 1290 177969691
PRI5 1142 173531732
PRI6 1202 178759496
PRI7 1212 177393743
PRI8 1314 167611029
PRI9 1218 177210899
ROD1 7198 173657658
ROD2 1024 189685279
ROD3 1066 194809668
ROD4 24466 152102173
ROD5 1176 194255943
ROD6 1204 192711723
ROD7 13623 172188985
ROD8 35649 102230511
ROD9 25866 30108023
STS1 87286 47236218
STS2 83690 35856649
STS3 67982 31268326
SYN 10900 17720964
UNA 1084 389421
VRL1 72550 63319310
VRL2 72380 65127477
VRL3 51525 46685728
VRT1 61316 90683736
VRT2 27562 143648774
VRT3 24861 90382292
2.2.7 Selected Per-Organism Statistics
The following table provides the number of entries and bases of DNA/RNA for
the twenty most sequenced organisms in Release 137.0 (chloroplast and mitochon-
drial sequences not included, and Whole Genome Shotgun sequences not included) :
Entries Bases Species
7032889 10171131129 Homo sapiens
5051505 6068540624 Mus musculus
829588 5549854732 Rattus norvegicus
532651 1052782281 Danio rerio
261070 710002531 Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)
351636 691118051 Drosophila melanogaster
1168918 677783748 Zea mays
595902 496094124 Gallus gallus
550335 413331480 Arabidopsis thaliana
567868 386359841 Brassica oleracea
620542 377479598 Bos taurus
22306 332944640 Macaca mulatta
499237 294180075 Ciona intestinalis
166971 290877866 Pan troglodytes
503892 256774106 Triticum aestivum
222498 232906530 Caenorhabditis elegans
310953 197616457 Xenopus laevis
192594 172353022 Medicago truncatula
189219 170859292 Tetraodon nigroviridis
357695 168478482 Glycine max
2.2.8 Growth of GenBank
The following table lists the number of bases and the number of sequence
records in each release of GenBank, beginning with Release 3 in 1982.
From 1982 to the present, the number of bases in GenBank has doubled
approximately every 14 months.
Release Date Base Pairs Entries
3 Dec 1982 680338 606
14 Nov 1983 2274029 2427
20 May 1984 3002088 3665
24 Sep 1984 3323270 4135
25 Oct 1984 3368765 4175
26 Nov 1984 3689752 4393
32 May 1985 4211931 4954
36 Sep 1985 5204420 5700
40 Feb 1986 5925429 6642
42 May 1986 6765476 7416
44 Aug 1986 8442357 8823
46 Nov 1986 9615371 9978
48 Feb 1987 10961380 10913
50 May 1987 13048473 12534
52 Aug 1987 14855145 14020
53 Sep 1987 15514776 14584
54 Dec 1987 16752872 15465
55 Mar 1988 19156002 17047
56 Jun 1988 20795279 18226
57 Sep 1988 22019698 19044
57.1 Oct 1988 23800000 20579
58 Dec 1988 24690876 21248
59 Mar 1989 26382491 22479
60 Jun 1989 31808784 26317
61 Sep 1989 34762585 28791
62 Dec 1989 37183950 31229
63 Mar 1990 40127752 33377
64 Jun 1990 42495893 35100
65 Sep 1990 49179285 39533
66 Dec 1990 51306092 41057
67 Mar 1991 55169276 43903
68 Jun 1991 65868799 51418
69 Sep 1991 71947426 55627
70 Dec 1991 77337678 58952
71 Mar 1992 83894652 65100
72 Jun 1992 92160761 71280
73 Sep 1992 101008486 78608
74 Dec 1992 120242234 97084
75 Feb 1993 126212259 106684
76 Apr 1993 129968355 111911
77 Jun 1993 138904393 120134
78 Aug 1993 147215633 131328
79 Oct 1993 157152442 143492
80 Dec 1993 163802597 150744
81 Feb 1994 173261500 162946
82 Apr 1994 180589455 169896
83 Jun 1994 191393939 182753
84 Aug 1994 201815802 196703
85 Oct 1994 217102462 215273
86 Dec 1994 230485928 237775
87 Feb 1995 248499214 269478
88 Apr 1995 286094556 352414
89 Jun 1995 318624568 425211
90 Aug 1995 353713490 492483
91 Oct 1995 384939485 555694
92 Dec 1995 425860958 620765
93 Feb 1996 463758833 685693
94 Apr 1996 499127741 744295
95 Jun 1996 551750920 835487
96 Aug 1996 602072354 920588
97 Oct 1996 651972984 1021211
98 Dec 1996 730552938 1114581
99 Feb 1997 786898138 1192505
100 Apr 1997 842864309 1274747
101 Jun 1997 966993087 1491069
102 Aug 1997 1053474516 1610848
103 Oct 1997 1160300687 1765847
104 Dec 1997 1258290513 1891953
105 Feb 1998 1372368913 2042325
106 Apr 1998 1502542306 2209232
107 Jun 1998 1622041465 2355928
108 Aug 1998 1797137713 2532359
109 Oct 1998 2008761784 2837897
110 Dec 1998 2162067871 3043729
111 Apr 1999 2569578208 3525418
112 Jun 1999 2974791993 4028171
113 Aug 1999 3400237391 4610118
114 Oct 1999 3841163011 4864570
115 Dec 1999 4653932745 5354511
116 Feb 2000 5805414935 5691170
117 Apr 2000 7376080723 6215002
118 Jun 2000 8604221980 7077491
119 Aug 2000 9545724824 8214339
120 Oct 2000 10335692655 9102634
121 Dec 2000 11101066288 10106023
122 Feb 2001 11720120326 10896781
123 Apr 2001 12418544023 11545572
124 Jun 2001 12973707065 12243766
125 Aug 2001 13543364296 12813516
126 Oct 2001 14396883064 13602262
127 Dec 2001 15849921438 14976310
128 Feb 2002 17089143893 15465325
129 Apr 2002 19072679701 16769983
130 Jun 2002 20648748345 17471130
131 Aug 2002 22616937182 18197119
132 Oct 2002 26525934656 19808101
133 Dec 2002 28507990166 22318883
134 Feb 2003 29358082791 23035823
135 Apr 2003 31099264455 24027936
136 Jun 2003 32528249295 25592865
137 Aug 2003 33865022251 27213748
3. FILE FORMATS
The flat file examples included in this section, while not always from the
current release, are usually fairly recent. Any differences compared to the
actual records are the result of updates to the entries involved.
3.1 File Header Information
With the exception of the index files, gbcon.seq, and the lists of new,
changed, and deleted accession numbers, each of the 532 files of a GenBank
release begins with the same header, except for the first line, which
contains the file name, and the sixth line, which contains the title of
the file. The first line of the file contains the file name in character
positions 1 to 9 and the full database name (Genetic Sequence Data Bank,
aka 'GenBank') starting in column 22. The brief names of the files in this
release are listed in section 2.2.
The second line contains the date of the current release in the form
`day month year', beginning in position 27. The fourth line contains
the current GenBank release number. The release number appears in
positions 48 to 52 and consists of three numbers separated by a decimal
point. The number to the left of the decimal is the major release
number. The digit to the right of the decimal indicates the version of
the major release; it is zero for the first version. The sixth line
contains a title for the file. The eighth line lists the number of
entries (loci), number of bases (or base pairs), and number of reports
of sequences (equal to number of entries in this case). These numbers are
right-justified at fixed positions. The number of entries appears in
positions 1 to 8, the number of bases in positions 16 to 26, and the
number of reports in positions 40 to 47. The third, fifth, seventh, and
ninth lines are blank.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
GBBCT1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
15 April 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 137.0
Bacterial Sequences (Part 1)
37811 loci, 97585608 bases, from 37811 reported sequences
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 1. Sample File Header
3.2 Directory Files
3.2.1 Short Directory File
The short directory file contains brief descriptions of all of the
sequence entries contained in this release. These descriptions are in
fifteen groups, one group for each of the fifteen sequence entry
data files. The first record at the beginning of a group of entries
contains the name of the group in uppercase characters, beginning in
position 21. The organism groups are PRIMATE, RODENT, OTHER MAMMAL,
OTHER VERTEBRATE, INVERTEBRATE, PLANT, BACTERIAL, STRUCTURAL RNA, VIRAL,
PHAGE, SYNTHETIC, UNANNOTATED, EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG, PATENT, or
SEQUENCE TAGGED SITE. The second record is blank.
Each record in the short directory contains the sequence entry name
(LOCUS) in the first 12 positions, followed by a brief definition of
the sequence beginning in column 13. The definition is truncated (at
the end of a word) to leave room at the right margin for at least one
space, the sequence length, and the letters `bp'. The length of the
sequence is printed right-justified to column 77, followed by the
letters `bp' in columns 78 and 79. The next-to-last record for a group
has `ZZZZZZZZZZ' in its first ten positions (where the entry name
would normally appear). The last record is a blank line. An example of
the short directory file format, showing the descriptions of the last
entries in the Other Vertebrate sequence data file and the first
entries of the Invertebrate sequence data file, is reproduced below:
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
ZEFWNT1G3 B.rerio wnt-1 gene (exon 3) for wnt-1 protein. 266bp
ZEFWNT1G4 B.rerio wnt-1 gene (exon 4) for wnt-1 protein. 647bp
ZEFZF54 Zebrafish homeotic gene ZF-54. 246bp
ZEFZFEN Zebrafish engrailed-like homeobox sequence. 327bp
ZZZZZZZZZZ
INVERTEBRATE
AAHAV33A Acanthocheilonema viteae pepsin-inhibitor-like-protein 1048bp
ACAAC01 Acanthamoeba castelani gene encoding actin I. 1571bp
ACAACTPH Acanthamoeba castellanii actophorin mRNA, complete cds. 671bp
ACAMHCA A.castellanii non-muscle myosin heavy chain gene, partial 5894bp
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 2. Short Directory File
3.3 Index Files
There are six files containing indices to the entries in this release:
Accession number index file (Accession and Version)
Secondary accession number index file
Keyword phrase index file
Author name index file
Journal citation index file
Gene name index file
The index keys (accession numbers, keywords, authors, journals, and
gene symbols.) of an index are sorted alphabetically. All index keys
appear in uppercase characters even though they appear in mixed case
in the sequence entries. Following each index key, the identifiers of the
sequence entries containing that key are listed (LOCUS name,
division abbreviation, and primary accession number). The division
abbreviations are:
1. PRI - primate sequences
2. ROD - rodent sequences
3. MAM - other mammalian sequences
4. VRT - other vertebrate sequences
5. INV - invertebrate sequences
6. PLN - plant, fungal, and algal sequences
7. BCT - bacterial sequences
8. VRL - viral sequences
9. PHG - bacteriophage sequences
10. SYN - synthetic sequences
11. UNA - unannotated sequences
12. EST - EST sequences (expressed sequence tags)
13. PAT - patent sequences
14. STS - STS sequences (sequence tagged sites)
15. GSS - GSS sequences (genome survey sequences)
16. HTG - HTGS sequences (high throughput genomic sequences)
17. HTC - HTC sequences (high throughput cDNA sequences)
A line-oriented, TAB-delimited format is utilized for the gbaut.idx,
gbgen.idx, gbjou.idx, gbkey.idx, and gbsec.idx indexes. Each index
key is presented on its own line, and is followed by a
LOCUS/Division/Accession triplet for every record containing the key:
Indexed-Term
LOCUS-name1 Div-code1 Accession1
LOCUS-name2 Div-code2 Accession2
LOCUS-name3 Div-code3 Accession3
....
Here is an example of the format, in which TAB characters are displayed
as ^I, and carriage-returns/newlines as $ :
(H+,K+)-ATPASE BETA-SUBUNIT$
^IRATHKATPB^IROD^IM55655$
^IMUSATP4B1^IROD^IM64685$
^IMUSATP4B2^IROD^IM64686$
^IMUSATP4B3^IROD^IM64687$
^IMUSATP4B4^IROD^IM64688$
^IDOGATPASEB^IMAM^IM76486$
When viewed by a file browser such as 'less' or 'more' :
(H+,K+)-ATPASE BETA-SUBUNIT
RATHKATPB ROD M55655
MUSATP4B1 ROD M64685
MUSATP4B2 ROD M64686
MUSATP4B3 ROD M64687
MUSATP4B4 ROD M64688
DOGATPASEB MAM M76486
Note that the index keys can be distinguished from LOCUS/DIV/ACCESSION
by the fact that they do not start with a TAB character. So one can
extract just the terms via simple text-processing:
perl -ne 'print unless /^\s+/' < gbkey.idx > terms.gbkey
The format of the primary accession number index file is slightly
different, with each indexed key (Accession.Version) present on
the same line as the LOCUS/Division/Accession triplet:
Accession1.Version1 Locus-name1 Div-code1 Accession1
Accession2.Version2 Locus-name2 Div-code2 Accession2
....
Here is an example of the format, in which TAB characters are displayed
as ^I, and carriage-returns/newlines as $ :
AC000102.1^IAC000102^IPRI^IAC000102$
AC000103.1^IAC000103^IPLN^IAC000103$
AC000104.1^IF19P19^IPLN^IAC000104$
AC000105.40^IAC000105^IPRI^IAC000105$
AC000106.1^IF7G19^IPLN^IAC000106$
AC000107.1^IAC000107^IPLN^IAC000107$
AC000108.1^IAC000108^IBCT^IAC000108$
AC000109.1^IHSAC000109^IPRI^IAC000109$
AC000110.1^IHSAC000110^IPRI^IAC000110$
When viewed by a file browser such as 'less' or 'more' :
AC000102.1 AC000102 PRI AC000102
AC000103.1 AC000103 PLN AC000103
AC000104.1 F19P19 PLN AC000104
AC000105.40 AC000105 PRI AC000105
AC000106.1 F7G19 PLN AC000106
AC000107.1 AC000107 PLN AC000107
AC000108.1 AC000108 BCT AC000108
AC000109.1 HSAC000109 PRI AC000109
AC000110.1 HSAC000110 PRI AC000110
3.3.1 Accession Number Index File - gbacc.idx
Accession numbers are unique six character or eight-character alphanumeric
identifiers of GenBank database entries. The six-character accession
number format consists of a single uppercase letter, followed by 5 digits.
The eight-character accession number format consists of two uppercase
letters, followed by 6 digits. Accessions provide an unchanging identifier
for the data with which they are associated, and we encourage you to cite
accession numbers whenever you refer to data from GenBank.
GenBank entries can have both 'primary' and 'secondary' accessions
associated with them (see Section 3.5.6). Only primary accessions are present
in the gbacc.idx index.
3.3.2 Keyword Phrase Index File - gbkey.idx
Keyword phrases consist of names for gene products and other
characteristics of sequence entries.
3.3.3 Author Name Index File - gbaut*.idx
The author name index files list all of the author names that appear
in the references within sequence records.
3.3.4 Journal Citation Index File - gbjou.idx
The journal citation index file lists all of the citations that appear
in the references within sequence records.. All citations are truncated
to 80 characters.
3.3.5 Gene Name Index - gbgen.idx
The /gene qualifiers of many GenBank entries contain values other than
official gene symbols, such as the product or the standard name of the gene.
Hence, NCBI has chosen to build an index (gbgen.idx) more like a keyword index
for this field, using both the GenBank /gene qualifier and the 'Gene.locus'
fields from the NCBI internal database as keys.
3.4 Sequence Entry Files
GenBank releases contain one or more sequence entry data files, one
for each "division" of GenBank.
3.4.1 File Organization
Each of these files has the same format and consists of two parts:
header information (described in section 3.1) and sequence entries for
that division (described in the following sections).
3.4.2 Entry Organization
In the second portion of a sequence entry file (containing the
sequence entries for that division), each record (line) consists of
two parts. The first part is found in positions 1 to 10 and may
contain:
1. A keyword, beginning in column 1 of the record (e.g., REFERENCE is
a keyword).
2. A subkeyword beginning in column 3, with columns 1 and 2 blank
(e.g., AUTHORS is a subkeyword of REFERENCE). Or a subkeyword beginning
in column 4, with columns 1, 2, and 3 blank (e.g., PUBMED is a
subkeyword of REFERENCE).
3. Blank characters, indicating that this record is a continuation of
the information under the keyword or subkeyword above it.
4. A code, beginning in column 6, indicating the nature of an entry
(feature key) in the FEATURES table; these codes are described in
Section 3.4.12.1 below.
5. A number, ending in column 9 of the record. This number occurs in
the portion of the entry describing the actual nucleotide sequence and
designates the numbering of sequence positions.
6. Two slashes (//) in positions 1 and 2, marking the end of an entry.
The second part of each sequence entry record contains the information
appropriate to its keyword, in positions 13 to 80 for keywords and
positions 11 to 80 for the sequence.
The following is a brief description of each entry field. Detailed
information about each field may be found in Sections 3.4.4 to 3.4.14.
LOCUS - A short mnemonic name for the entry, chosen to suggest the
sequence's definition. Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
DEFINITION - A concise description of the sequence. Mandatory
keyword/one or more records.
ACCESSION - The primary accession number is a unique, unchanging
code assigned to each entry. (Please use this code when citing
information from GenBank.) Mandatory keyword/one or more records.
VERSION - A compound identifier consisting of the primary
accession number and a numeric version number associated with the
current version of the sequence data in the record. This is followed
by an integer key (a "GI") assigned to the sequence by NCBI.
Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
NID - An alternative method of presenting the NCBI GI
identifier (described above). The NID is obsolete and was removed
from the GenBank flatfile format in December 1999.
KEYWORDS - Short phrases describing gene products and other
information about an entry. Mandatory keyword in all annotated
entries/one or more records.
SEGMENT - Information on the order in which this entry appears in a
series of discontinuous sequences from the same molecule. Optional
keyword (only in segmented entries)/exactly one record.
SOURCE - Common name of the organism or the name most frequently used
in the literature. Mandatory keyword in all annotated entries/one or
more records/includes one subkeyword.
ORGANISM - Formal scientific name of the organism (first line)
and taxonomic classification levels (second and subsequent lines).
Mandatory subkeyword in all annotated entries/two or more records.
REFERENCE - Citations for all articles containing data reported
in this entry. Includes seven subkeywords and may repeat. Mandatory
keyword/one or more records.
AUTHORS - Lists the authors of the citation. Optional
subkeyword/one or more records.
CONSRTM - Lists the collective names of consortiums associated
with the citation (eg, International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium),
rather than individual author names. Optional subkeyword/one or more records.
TITLE - Full title of citation. Optional subkeyword (present
in all but unpublished citations)/one or more records.
JOURNAL - Lists the journal name, volume, year, and page
numbers of the citation. Mandatory subkeyword/one or more records.
MEDLINE - Provides the Medline unique identifier for a
citation. Optional subkeyword/one record.
PUBMED - Provides the PubMed unique identifier for a
citation. Optional subkeyword/one record.
REMARK - Specifies the relevance of a citation to an
entry. Optional subkeyword/one or more records.
COMMENT - Cross-references to other sequence entries, comparisons to
other collections, notes of changes in LOCUS names, and other remarks.
Optional keyword/one or more records/may include blank records.
FEATURES - Table containing information on portions of the
sequence that code for proteins and RNA molecules and information on
experimentally determined sites of biological significance. Optional
keyword/one or more records.
BASE COUNT - Summary of the number of occurrences of each base
code in the sequence. Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
ORIGIN - Specification of how the first base of the reported sequence
is operationally located within the genome. Where possible, this
includes its location within a larger genetic map. Mandatory
keyword/exactly one record.
- The ORIGIN line is followed by sequence data (multiple records).
// - Entry termination symbol. Mandatory at the end of an
entry/exactly one record.
3.4.3 Sample Sequence Data File
An example of a complete sequence entry file follows. (This example
has only two entries.) Note that in this example, as throughout the
data bank, numbers in square brackets indicate items in the REFERENCE
list. For example, in ACARR58S, [1] refers to the paper by Mackay, et
al.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
GBSMP.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
15 December 1992
GenBank Flat File Release 74.0
Structural RNA Sequences
2 loci, 236 bases, from 2 reported sequences
LOCUS AAURRA 118 bp ss-rRNA RNA 16-JUN-1986
DEFINITION A.auricula-judae (mushroom) 5S ribosomal RNA.
ACCESSION K03160
VERSION K03160.1 GI:173593
KEYWORDS 5S ribosomal RNA; ribosomal RNA.
SOURCE A.auricula-judae (mushroom) ribosomal RNA.
ORGANISM Auricularia auricula-judae
Eukaryota; Fungi; Eumycota; Basidiomycotina; Phragmobasidiomycetes;
Heterobasidiomycetidae; Auriculariales; Auriculariaceae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 118)
AUTHORS Huysmans,E., Dams,E., Vandenberghe,A. and De Wachter,R.
TITLE The nucleotide sequences of the 5S rRNAs of four mushrooms and
their use in studying the phylogenetic position of basidiomycetes
among the eukaryotes
JOURNAL Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 2871-2880 (1983)
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
rRNA 1..118
/note="5S ribosomal RNA"
BASE COUNT 27 a 34 c 34 g 23 t
ORIGIN 5' end of mature rRNA.
1 atccacggcc ataggactct gaaagcactg catcccgtcc gatctgcaaa gttaaccaga
61 gtaccgccca gttagtacca cggtggggga ccacgcggga atcctgggtg ctgtggtt
//
LOCUS ABCRRAA 118 bp ss-rRNA RNA 15-SEP-1990
DEFINITION Acetobacter sp. (strain MB 58) 5S ribosomal RNA, complete sequence.
ACCESSION M34766
VERSION M34766.1 GI:173603
KEYWORDS 5S ribosomal RNA.
SOURCE Acetobacter sp. (strain MB 58) rRNA.
ORGANISM Acetobacter sp.
Prokaryotae; Gracilicutes; Scotobacteria; Aerobic rods and cocci;
Azotobacteraceae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 118)
AUTHORS Bulygina,E.S., Galchenko,V.F., Govorukhina,N.I., Netrusov,A.I.,
Nikitin,D.I., Trotsenko,Y.A. and Chumakov,K.M.
TITLE Taxonomic studies of methylotrophic bacteria by 5S ribosomal RNA
sequencing
JOURNAL J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 441-446 (1990)
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
rRNA 1..118
/note="5S ribosomal RNA"
BASE COUNT 27 a 40 c 32 g 17 t 2 others
ORIGIN
1 gatctggtgg ccatggcggg agcaaatcag ccgatcccat cccgaactcg gccgtcaaat
61 gccccagcgc ccatgatact ctgcctcaag gcacggaaaa gtcggtcgcc gccagayy
//
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 9. Sample Sequence Data File
3.4.4 LOCUS Format
The items of information contained in the LOCUS record are always
found in fixed positions. The locus name (or entry name), which is
always sixteen characters or less, begins in position 13. The locus name
is designed to help group entries with similar sequences: the first
three characters usually designate the organism; the fourth and fifth
characters can be used to show other group designations, such as gene
product; for segmented entries the last character is one of a series
of sequential integers.
The number of bases or base pairs in the sequence ends in position 40.
The letters `bp' are in positions 42 to 43. Positions 45 to 47 provide
the number of strands of the sequence. Positions 48 to 53 indicate the
type of molecule sequenced. Topology of the molecule is indicated in
positions 56 to 63.
GenBank sequence entries are divided among many different
'divisions'. Each entry's division is specified by a three-letter code
in positions 65 to 67. See Section 3.3 for an explanation of division
codes.
Positions 69 to 79 of the record contain the date the entry was
entered or underwent any substantial revisions, such as the addition
of newly published data, in the form dd-MMM-yyyy.
The detailed format for the LOCUS line format is as follows:
Positions Contents
--------- --------
01-05 'LOCUS'
06-12 spaces
13-28 Locus name
29-29 space
30-40 Length of sequence, right-justified
41-41 space
42-43 bp
44-44 space
45-47 spaces, ss- (single-stranded), ds- (double-stranded), or
ms- (mixed-stranded)
48-53 NA, DNA, RNA, tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA),
mRNA (messenger RNA), uRNA (small nuclear RNA), snRNA,
snoRNA. Left justified.
54-55 space
56-63 'linear' followed by two spaces, or 'circular'
64-64 space
65-67 The division code (see Section 3.3)
68-68 space
69-79 Date, in the form dd-MMM-yyyy (e.g., 15-MAR-1991)
Although each of these data values can be found at column-specific
positions, we encourage those who parse the contents of the LOCUS
line to use a token-based approach. This will prevent the need for
software changes if the spacing of the data values ever has to be
modified.
3.4.5 DEFINITION Format
The DEFINITION record gives a brief description of the sequence,
proceeding from general to specific. It starts with the common name of
the source organism, then gives the criteria by which this sequence is
distinguished from the remainder of the source genome, such as the
gene name and what it codes for, or the protein name and mRNA, or some
description of the sequence's function (if the sequence is
non-coding). If the sequence has a coding region, the description may
be followed by a completeness qualifier, such as cds (complete coding
sequence). There is no limit on the number of lines that may be part
of the DEFINITION. The last line must end with a period.
3.4.5.1 DEFINITION Format for NLM Entries
The DEFINITION line for entries derived from journal-scanning at the NLM is
an automatically generated descriptive summary that accompanies each DNA and
protein sequence. It contains information derived from fields in a database
that summarize the most important attributes of the sequence. The DEFINITION
lines are designed to supplement the accession number and the sequence itself
as a means of uniquely and completely specifying DNA and protein sequences. The
following are examples of NLM DEFINITION lines:
NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase [swine, mRNA, 1 gene, 1585 nt]
94 kda fiber cell beaded-filament structural protein [rats, lens, mRNA
Partial, 1 gene, 1873 nt]
inhibin alpha {promoter and exons} [mice, Genomic, 1 gene, 1102 nt, segment
1 of 2]
cefEF, cefG=acetyl coenzyme A:deacetylcephalosporin C o-acetyltransferase
[Acremonium chrysogenum, Genomic, 2 genes, 2639 nt]
myogenic factor 3, qmf3=helix-loop-helix protein [Japanese quails,
embryo, Peptide Partial, 246 aa]
The first part of the definition line contains information describing
the genes and proteins represented by the molecular sequences. This can
be gene locus names, protein names and descriptions that replace or augment
actual names. Gene and gene product are linked by "=". Any special
identifying terms are presented within brackets, such as: {promoter},
{N-terminal}, {EC 2.13.2.4}, {alternatively spliced}, or {3' region}.
The second part of the definition line is delimited by square brackets, '[]',
and provides details about the molecule type and length. The biological
source, i.e., genus and species or common name as cited by the author.
Developmental stage, tissue type and strain are included if available.
The molecule types include: Genomic, mRNA, Peptide. and Other Genomic
Material. Genomic molecules are assumed to be partial sequence unless
"Complete" is specified, whereas mRNA and peptide molecules are assumed
to be complete unless "Partial" is noted.
3.4.6 ACCESSION Format
This field contains a series of six-character and/or eight-character
identifiers called 'accession numbers'. The six-character accession
number format consists of a single uppercase letter, followed by 5 digits.
The eight-character accession number format consists of two uppercase
letters, followed by 6 digits. The 'primary', or first, of the accession
numbers occupies positions 13 to 18 (6-character format) or positions
13 to 20 (8-character format). Subsequent 'secondary' accession numbers
(if present) are separated from the primary, and from each other, by a
single space. In some cases, multiple lines of secondary accession
numbers might be present, starting at position 13.
The primary accession number of a GenBank entry provides a stable identifier
for the biological object that the entry represents. Accessions do not change
when the underlying sequence data or associated features change.
Secondary accession numbers arise for a number of reasons. For example, a
single accession number may initially be assigned to a sequence described in
a publication. If it is later discovered that the sequence must be entered
into the database as multiple entries, each entry would receive a new primary
accession number, and the original accession number would appear as a secondary
accession number on each of the new entries.
3.4.7 VERSION Format
This line contains two types of identifiers for a GenBank database entry:
a compound accession number and an NCBI GI identifier.
LOCUS AF181452 1294 bp DNA PLN 12-OCT-1999
DEFINITION Hordeum vulgare dehydrin (Dhn2) gene, complete cds.
ACCESSION AF181452
VERSION AF181452.1 GI:6017929
^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^
Compound NCBI GI
Accession Identifier
Number
A compound accession number consists of two parts: a stable, unchanging
primary-accession number portion (see Section 3.4.6 for a description of
accession numbers), and a sequentially increasing numeric version number.
The accession and version numbers are separated by a period. The initial
version number assigned to a new sequence is one. Compound accessions are
often referred to as "Accession.Version" .
An accession number allows one to retrieve the same biological object in the
database, regardless of any changes that are made to the entry over time. But
those changes can include changes to the sequence data itself, which is of
fundamental importance to many database users. So a numeric version number is
associated with the sequence data in every database entry. If an entry (for
example, AF181452) undergoes two sequence changes, its compound accession
number on the VERSION line would start as AF181452.1 . After the first sequence
change this would become: AF181452.2 . And after the second change: AF181452.3 .
The NCBI GI identifier of the VERSION line also serves as a method for
identifying the sequence data that has existed for a database entry over
time. GI identifiers are numeric values of one or more digits. Since they
are integer keys, they are less human-friendly than the Accession.Version
system described above. Returning to our example for AF181452, it was
initially assigned GI 6017929. If the sequence changes, a new integer GI will
be assigned, perhaps 7345003 . And after the second sequence change, perhaps
the GI would become 10456892 .
Why are both these methods for identifying the version of the sequence
associated with a database entry in use? For two reasons:
- Some data sources processed by NCBI for incorporation into its Entrez
sequence retrieval system do not version their own sequences.
- GIs provide a uniform, integer identifier system for every sequence
NCBI has processed. Some products and systems derived from (or reliant
upon) NCBI products and services prefer to use these integer identifiers
because they can all be processed in the same manner.
GenBank Releases contain only the most recent versions of all sequences
in the database. However, older versions can be obtained via GI-based or
Accession.Version-based queries with NCBI's web-Entrez and network-Entrez
applications. A sequence revision history web page is also available:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/girevhist
NOTE: All the version numbers for the compound Accession.Version identifier
system were initialized to a value of one in February 1999, when that
system was introduced.
3.4.8 KEYWORDS Format
The KEYWORDS field does not appear in unannotated entries, but is
required in all annotated entries. Keywords are separated by
semicolons; a "keyword" may be a single word or a phrase consisting of
several words. Each line in the keywords field ends in a semicolon;
the last line ends with a period. If no keywords are included in the
entry, the KEYWORDS record contains only a period.
3.4.9 SEGMENT Format
The SEGMENT keyword is used when two (or more) entries of known
relative orientation are separated by a short (<10 kb) stretch of DNA.
It is limited to one line of the form `n of m', where `n' is the
segment number of the current entry and `m' is the total number of
segments.
3.4.10 SOURCE Format
The SOURCE field consists of two parts. The first part is found after
the SOURCE keyword and contains free-format information including an
abbreviated form of the organism name followed by a molecule type;
multiple lines are allowed, but the last line must end with a period.
The second part consists of information found after the ORGANISM
subkeyword. The formal scientific name for the source organism (genus
and species, where appropriate) is found on the same line as ORGANISM.
The records following the ORGANISM line list the taxonomic
classification levels, separated by semicolons and ending with a
period.
3.4.11 REFERENCE Format
The REFERENCE field consists of five parts: the keyword REFERENCE, and
the subkeywords AUTHORS, TITLE (optional), JOURNAL, MEDLINE (optional),
PUBMED (optional), and REMARK (optional).
The REFERENCE line contains the number of the particular reference and
(in parentheses) the range of bases in the sequence entry reported in
this citation. Additional prose notes may also be found within the
parentheses. The numbering of the references does not reflect
publication dates or priorities.
The AUTHORS line lists the authors in the order in which they appear
in the cited article. Last names are separated from initials by a
comma (no space); there is no comma before the final `and'. The list
of authors ends with a period. The TITLE line is an optional field,
although it appears in the majority of entries. It does not appear in
unpublished sequence data entries that have been deposited directly
into the GenBank data bank, the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library,
or the DNA Data Bank of Japan. The TITLE field does not end with a
period.
The JOURNAL line gives the appropriate literature citation for the
sequence in the entry. The word `Unpublished' will appear after the
JOURNAL subkeyword if the data did not appear in the scientific
literature, but was directly deposited into the data bank. For
published sequences the JOURNAL line gives the Thesis, Journal, or
Book citation, including the year of publication, the specific
citation, or In press.
For Book citations, the JOURNAL line is specially-formatted, and
includes:
editor name(s)
book title
page number(s)
publisher-name/publisher-location
year
For example:
LOCUS AY277550 1440 bp DNA linear BCT 17-JUN-2003
DEFINITION Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain CSC13-6 16S ribosomal RNA gene,
partial sequence.
ACCESSION AY277550
....
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1440)
AUTHORS Gonzalez,J.M., Laiz,L. and Saiz-Jimenez,C.
TITLE Classifying bacterial isolates from hypogean environments:
Application of a novel fluorimetric method dor the estimation of
G+C mol% content in microorganisms by thermal denaturation
temperature
JOURNAL (in) Saiz-Jimenez,C. (Ed.);
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: 47-54;
A.A. Balkema, The Netherlands (2003)
The presence of "(in)" signals the fact that the reference is for a book
rather than a journal article. A semi-colon signals the end of the editor
names. The next semi-colon signals the end of the page numbers, and the
colon that immediately *precedes* the page numbers signals the end of the
book title. The publisher name and location are a free-form text string.
Finally, the year appears at the very end of the JOURNAL line, enclosed in
parentheses.
The MEDLINE line provides the National Library of Medicine's Medline
unique identifier for a citation (if known). Medline UIs are 8 digit
numbers.
The PUBMED line provides the PubMed unique identifier for a citation
(if known). PUBMED ids are numeric, and are record identifiers for article
abstracts in the PubMed database :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
Citations in PubMed that do not fall within Medline's scope will have only
a PUBMED identifier. Similarly, citations that *are* in Medline's scope but
which have not yet been assigned Medline UIs will have only a PUBMED identifier.
If a citation is present in both the PubMed and Medline databases, both a
MEDLINE and a PUBMED line will be present.
The REMARK line is a textual comment that specifies the relevance
of the citation to the entry.
3.4.12 FEATURES Format
GenBank releases use a feature table format designed jointly by
GenBank, the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library, and the DNA Data
Bank of Japan. This format is in use by all three databases. The
most complete and accurate Feature Table documentation can be found
on the Web at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/collab/FT/index.html
Any discrepancy between the abbreviated feature table description
of these release notes and the complete documentation on the Web
should be resolved in favor of the version at the above URL.
The Feature Table specification is also available as a printed
document: `The DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank Feature Table: Definition'. Contact
GenBank at the address shown on the first page of these Release Notes
if you would like a copy.
The feature table contains information about genes and gene products,
as well as regions of biological significance reported in the
sequence. The feature table contains information on regions of the
sequence that code for proteins and RNA molecules. It also enumerates
differences between different reports of the same sequence, and
provides cross-references to other data collections, as described in
more detail below.
The first line of the feature table is a header that includes the
keyword `FEATURES' and the column header `Location/Qualifier.' Each
feature consists of a descriptor line containing a feature key and a
location (see sections below for details). If the location does not
fit on this line, a continuation line may follow. If further
information about the feature is required, one or more lines
containing feature qualifiers may follow the descriptor line.
The feature key begins in column 6 and may be no more than 15
characters in length. The location begins in column 22. Feature
qualifiers begin on subsequent lines at column 22. Location,
qualifier, and continuation lines may extend from column 22 to 80.
Feature tables are required, due to the mandatory presence of the
source feature. The sections below provide a brief introduction to
the feature table format.
3.4.12.1 Feature Key Names
The first column of the feature descriptor line contains the feature
key. It starts at column 6 and can continue to column 20. The list of
valid feature keys is shown below.
Remember, the most definitive documentation for the feature table can
be found at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/collab/FT/index.html
allele Obsolete; see variation feature key
attenuator Sequence related to transcription termination
C_region Span of the C immunological feature
CAAT_signal `CAAT box' in eukaryotic promoters
CDS Sequence coding for amino acids in protein (includes
stop codon)
conflict Independent sequence determinations differ
D-loop Displacement loop
D_segment Span of the D immunological feature
enhancer Cis-acting enhancer of promoter function
exon Region that codes for part of spliced mRNA
gene Region that defines a functional gene, possibly
including upstream (promotor, enhancer, etc)
and downstream control elements, and for which
a name has been assigned.
GC_signal `GC box' in eukaryotic promoters
iDNA Intervening DNA eliminated by recombination
intron Transcribed region excised by mRNA splicing
J_region Span of the J immunological feature
LTR Long terminal repeat
mat_peptide Mature peptide coding region (does not include stop codon)
misc_binding Miscellaneous binding site
misc_difference Miscellaneous difference feature
misc_feature Region of biological significance that cannot be described
by any other feature
misc_recomb Miscellaneous recombination feature
misc_RNA Miscellaneous transcript feature not defined by other RNA keys
misc_signal Miscellaneous signal
misc_structure Miscellaneous DNA or RNA structure
modified_base The indicated base is a modified nucleotide
mRNA Messenger RNA
mutation Obsolete: see variation feature key
N_region Span of the N immunological feature
old_sequence Presented sequence revises a previous version
polyA_signal Signal for cleavage & polyadenylation
polyA_site Site at which polyadenine is added to mRNA
precursor_RNA Any RNA species that is not yet the mature RNA product
prim_transcript Primary (unprocessed) transcript
primer Primer binding region used with PCR
primer_bind Non-covalent primer binding site
promoter A region involved in transcription initiation
protein_bind Non-covalent protein binding site on DNA or RNA
RBS Ribosome binding site
rep_origin Replication origin for duplex DNA
repeat_region Sequence containing repeated subsequences
repeat_unit One repeated unit of a repeat_region
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
S_region Span of the S immunological feature
satellite Satellite repeated sequence
scRNA Small cytoplasmic RNA
sig_peptide Signal peptide coding region
snRNA Small nuclear RNA
source Biological source of the sequence data represented by
a GenBank record. Mandatory feature, one or more per record.
For organisms that have been incorporated within the
NCBI taxonomy database, an associated /db_xref="taxon:NNNN"
qualifier will be present (where NNNNN is the numeric
identifier assigned to the organism within the NCBI taxonomy
database).
stem_loop Hair-pin loop structure in DNA or RNA
STS Sequence Tagged Site; operationally unique sequence that
identifies the combination of primer spans used in a PCR assay
TATA_signal `TATA box' in eukaryotic promoters
terminator Sequence causing transcription termination
transit_peptide Transit peptide coding region
transposon Transposable element (TN)
tRNA Transfer RNA
unsure Authors are unsure about the sequence in this region
V_region Span of the V immunological feature
variation A related population contains stable mutation
- (hyphen) Placeholder
-10_signal `Pribnow box' in prokaryotic promoters
-35_signal `-35 box' in prokaryotic promoters
3'clip 3'-most region of a precursor transcript removed in processing
3'UTR 3' untranslated region (trailer)
5'clip 5'-most region of a precursor transcript removed in processing
5'UTR 5' untranslated region (leader)
3.4.12.2 Feature Location
The second column of the feature descriptor line designates the
location of the feature in the sequence. The location descriptor
begins at position 22. Several conventions are used to indicate
sequence location.
Base numbers in location descriptors refer to numbering in the entry,
which is not necessarily the same as the numbering scheme used in the
published report. The first base in the presented sequence is numbered
base 1. Sequences are presented in the 5 to 3 direction.
Location descriptors can be one of the following:
1. A single base;
2. A contiguous span of bases;
3. A site between two bases;
4. A single base chosen from a range of bases;
5. A single base chosen from among two or more specified bases;
6. A joining of sequence spans;
7. A reference to an entry other than the one to which the feature
belongs (i.e., a remote entry), followed by a location descriptor
referring to the remote sequence;
A site between two residues, such as an endonuclease cleavage site, is
indicated by listing the two bases separated by a carat (e.g., 23^24).
A single residue chosen from a range of residues is indicated by the
number of the first and last bases in the range separated by a single
period (e.g., 23.79). The symbols < and > indicate that the end point
of the range is beyond the specified base number.
A contiguous span of bases is indicated by the number of the first and
last bases in the range separated by two periods (e.g., 23..79). The
symbols < and > indicate that the end point of the range is beyond the
specified base number. Starting and ending positions can be indicated
by base number or by one of the operators described below.
Operators are prefixes that specify what must be done to the indicated
sequence to locate the feature. The following are the operators
available, along with their most common format and a description.
complement (location): The feature is complementary to the location
indicated. Complementary strands are read 5 to 3.
join (location, location, .. location): The indicated elements should
be placed end to end to form one contiguous sequence.
order (location, location, .. location): The elements are found in the
specified order in the 5 to 3 direction, but nothing is implied about
the rationality of joining them.
3.4.12.3 Feature Qualifiers
Qualifiers provide additional information about features. They take
the form of a slash (/) followed by a qualifier name and, if
applicable, an equal sign (=) and a qualifier value. Feature
qualifiers begin at column 22.
Qualifiers convey many types of information. Their values can,
therefore, take several forms:
1. Free text;
2. Controlled vocabulary or enumerated values;
3. Citations or reference numbers;
4. Sequences;
5. Feature labels.
Text qualifier values must be enclosed in double quotation marks. The
text can consist of any printable characters (ASCII values 32-126
decimal). If the text string includes double quotation marks, each set
must be `escaped' by placing a double quotation mark in front of it
(e.g., /note="This is an example of ""escaped"" quotation marks").
Some qualifiers require values selected from a limited set of choices.
For example, the `/direction' qualifier has only three values `left,'
`right,' or `both.' These are called controlled vocabulary qualifier
values. Controlled qualifier values are not case sensitive; they can
be entered in any combination of upper- and lowercase without changing
their meaning.
Citation or published reference numbers for the entry should be
enclosed in square brackets ([]) to distinguish them from other
numbers.
A literal sequence of bases (e.g., "atgcatt") should be enclosed in
quotation marks. Literal sequences are distinguished from free text by
context. Qualifiers that take free text as their values do not take
literal sequences, and vice versa.
The `/label=' qualifier takes a feature label as its qualifier.
Although feature labels are optional, they allow unambiguous
references to the feature. The feature label identifies a feature
within an entry; when combined with the accession number and the name
of the data bank from which it came, it is a unique tag for that
feature. Feature labels must be unique within an entry, but can be the
same as a feature label in another entry. Feature labels are not case
sensitive; they can be entered in any combination of upper-and
lowercase without changing their meaning.
The following is a partial list of feature qualifiers.
/anticodon Location of the anticodon of tRNA and the amino acid
for which it codes
/bound_moiety Moiety bound
/citation Reference to a citation providing the claim of or
evidence for a feature
/codon Specifies a codon that is different from any found in the
reference genetic code
/codon_start Indicates the first base of the first complete codon
in a CDS (as 1 or 2 or 3)
/cons_splice Identifies intron splice sites that do not conform to
the 5'-GT... AG-3' splice site consensus
/db_xref A database cross-reference; pointer to related information
in another database. A description of all cross-references
can be found at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/collab/db_xref.html
/direction Direction of DNA replication
/EC_number Enzyme Commission number for the enzyme product of the
sequence
/evidence Value indicating the nature of supporting evidence
/frequency Frequency of the occurrence of a feature
/function Function attributed to a sequence
/gene Symbol of the gene corresponding to a sequence region (usable
with all features)
/label A label used to permanently identify a feature
/map Map position of the feature in free-format text
/mod_base Abbreviation for a modified nucleotide base
/note Any comment or additional information
/number A number indicating the order of genetic elements
(e.g., exons or introns) in the 5 to 3 direction
/organism Name of the organism that is the source of the
sequence data in the record.
/partial Differentiates between complete regions and partial ones
/phenotype Phenotype conferred by the feature
/product Name of a product encoded by a coding region (CDS)
feature
/pseudo Indicates that this feature is a non-functional
version of the element named by the feature key
/rpt_family Type of repeated sequence; Alu or Kpn, for example
/rpt_type Organization of repeated sequence
/rpt_unit Identity of repeat unit that constitutes a repeat_region
/standard_name Accepted standard name for this feature
/transl_except Translational exception: single codon, the translation
of which does not conform to the reference genetic code
/translation Amino acid translation of a coding region
/type Name of a strain if different from that in the SOURCE field
/usedin Indicates that feature is used in a compound feature
in another entry
3.4.12.4 Cross-Reference Information
One type of information in the feature table lists cross-references to
the annual compilation of transfer RNA sequences in Nucleic Acids
Research, which has kindly been sent to us on CD-ROM by Dr. Sprinzl.
Each tRNA entry of the feature table contains a /note= qualifier that
includes a reference such as `(NAR: 1234)' to identify code 1234 in
the NAR compilation. When such a cross-reference appears in an entry
that contains a gene coding for a transfer RNA molecule, it refers to
the code in the tRNA gene compilation. Similar cross-references in
entries containing mature transfer RNA sequences refer to the
companion compilation of tRNA sequences published by D.H. Gauss and M.
Sprinzl in Nucleic Acids Research.
3.4.12.5 Feature Table Examples
In the first example a number of key names, feature locations, and
qualifiers are illustrated, taken from different sequences. The first
table entry is a coding region consisting of a simple span of bases
and including a /gene qualifier. In the second table entry, an NAR
cross-reference is given (see the previous section for a discussion of
these cross-references). The third and fourth table entries use the
symbols `<`and `>' to indicate that the beginning or end of the
feature is beyond the range of the presented sequence. In the fifth
table entry, the symbol `^' indicates that the feature is between
bases.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
CDS 5..1261
/product="alpha-1-antitrypsin precursor"
/map="14q32.1"
/gene="PI"
tRNA 1..87
/note="Leu-tRNA-CAA (NAR: 1057)"
/anticodon=(pos:35..37,aa:Leu)
mRNA 1..>66
/note="alpha-1-acid glycoprotein mRNA"
transposon <1..267
/note="insertion element IS5"
misc_recomb 105^106
/note="B.subtilis DNA end/IS5 DNA start"
conflict 258
/replace="t"
/citation=[2]
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 10. Feature Table Entries
The next example shows the representation for a CDS that spans more
than one entry.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
LOCUS HUMPGAMM1 3688 bp ds-DNA PRI 15-OCT-1990
DEFINITION Human phosphoglycerate mutase (muscle specific isozyme) (PGAM-M)
gene, 5' end.
ACCESSION M55673 M25818 M27095
KEYWORDS phosphoglycerate mutase.
SEGMENT 1 of 2
.
.
.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
CAAT_signal 1751..1755
/gene="PGAM-M"
TATA_signal 1791..1799
/gene="PGAM-M"
exon 1820..2274
/number=1
/EC_number="5.4.2.1"
/gene="PGAM-M"
intron 2275..2377
/number=1
/gene="PGAM2"
exon 2378..2558
/number=2
/gene="PGAM-M"
.
.
.
//
LOCUS HUMPGAMM2 677 bp ds-DNA PRI 15-OCT-1990
DEFINITION Human phosphoglycerate mutase (muscle specific isozyme) (PGAM-M),
exon 3.
ACCESSION M55674 M25818 M27096
KEYWORDS phosphoglycerate mutase.
SEGMENT 2 of 2
.
.
.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
exon 255..457
/number=3
/gene="PGAM-M"
intron order(M55673:2559..>3688,<1..254)
/number=2
/gene="PGAM-M"
mRNA join(M55673:1820..2274,M55673:2378..2558,255..457)
/gene="PGAM-M"
CDS join(M55673:1861..2274,M55673:2378..2558,255..421)
/note="muscle-specific isozyme"
/gene="PGAM2"
/product="phosphoglycerate mutase"
/codon_start=1
/translation="MATHRLVMVRHGESTWNQENRFCGWFDAELSEKGTEEAKRGAKA
IKDAKMEFDICYTSVLKRAIRTLWAILDGTDQMWLPVVRTWRLNERHYGGLTGLNKAE
TAAKHGEEQVKIWRRSFDIPPPPMDEKHPYYNSISKERRYAGLKPGELPTCESLKDTI
ARALPFWNEEIVPQIKAGKRVLIAAHGNSLRGIVKHLEGMSDQAIMELNLPTGIPIVY
ELNKELKPTKPMQFLGDEETVRKAMEAVAAQGKAK"
.
.
.
//
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 11. Joining Sequences
3.4.13 ORIGIN Format
The ORIGIN record may be left blank, may appear as `Unreported.' or
may give a local pointer to the sequence start, usually involving an
experimentally determined restriction cleavage site or the genetic
locus (if available). The ORIGIN record ends in a period if it
contains data, but does not include the period if the record is left
empty (in contrast to the KEYWORDS field which contains a period
rather than being left blank).
3.4.14 SEQUENCE Format
The nucleotide sequence for an entry is found in the records following
the ORIGIN record. The sequence is reported in the 5 to 3 direction.
There are sixty bases per record, listed in groups of ten bases
followed by a blank, starting at position 11 of each record. The
number of the first nucleotide in the record is given in columns 4 to
9 (right justified) of the record.
4. ALTERNATE RELEASES
NCBI is supplying sequence data in the GenBank flat file format to
maintain compatibility with existing software which require that
particular format. Although we have made every effort to ensure
that these data are presented in the traditional flat file format,
if you encounter any problems in using these data with software which
is based upon the flat file format, please contact us at:
[email protected]
The flat file is just one of many possible report formats that can be
generated from the richer representation supported by the ASN.1 form of the
data. Developers of new software tools should consider using the ASN.1 form
directly to take advantage of those features. Documentation and a Software
Developer's Toolkit for ASN.1 are available through NCBI. You may call NCBI
at (301)496-2475, or subscribe to a developers' electronic newsgroup by
sending your name, address, affiliation, and e-mail address to:
[email protected]
The Software Developer's Toolkit and PostScript documentation for UNIX,
VMS, Ultrix, AIX, MacOS, DOS, and Microsoft Windows systems is available
in a compressed UNIX tar file by anonymous ftp from 'ftp.ncbi.nih.gov',
in the toolbox/ncbi_tools directory. The file is 'ncbi.tar.Z'.
5. KNOWN PROBLEMS OF THE GENBANK DATABASE
5.1 Incorrect Gene Symbols in Entries and Index
The /gene qualifier for many GenBank entries contains values other than the
official gene symbol, such as the product or the standard name of the gene. The
gene symbol index (gbgen.idx) is created from the data in the /gene qualifier
and therefore may contain data other than official gene symbols.
6. GENBANK ADMINISTRATION
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library
of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, is responsible for the production
and distribution of the NIH GenBank Sequence Database. NCBI distributes
GenBank sequence data by anonymous FTP, e-mail servers and other
network services. For more information, you may contact NCBI at the
e-mail address: [email protected] or by phone: 301-496-2475.
6.1 Registered Trademark Notice
GenBank (R) is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services for the Genetic Sequence Data Bank.
6.2 Citing GenBank
If you have used GenBank in your research, we would appreciate it if
you would include a reference to GenBank in all publications related
to that research.
When citing data in GenBank, it is appropriate to give the sequence
name, primary accession number, and the publication in which the
sequence first appeared. If the data are unpublished, we urge you to
contact the group which submitted the data to GenBank to see if there
is a recent publication or if they have determined any revisions or
extensions of the data.
It is also appropriate to list a reference for GenBank itself. The
following publication, which describes the GenBank database, should
be cited:
Benson D.A., Karsch-Mizrachi I., Lipman D.J., Ostell J., Rapp B.A.,
Wheeler D.L. GenBank. Nucl. Acids Res. 28(1):15-18 (2000)
The following statement is an example of how you may cite GenBank
data. It cites the sequence, its primary accession number, the group
who determined the sequence, and GenBank. The numbers in parentheses
refer to the GenBank citation above and to the REFERENCE in the
GenBank sequence entry.
`We scanned the GenBank (1) database for sequence similarities and
found one sequence (2), GenBank accession number J01016, which showed
significant similarity...'
(1) Benson, D.A. et al. Nucl. Acids Res. 28(1):15-18 (2000)
(2) Nellen, W. and Gallwitz, D. J. Mol. Biol. 159, 1-18 (1982)
6.3 GenBank Distribution Formats and Media
Complete flat file releases of the GenBank database are available via
NCBI's anonymous ftp server:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov
Each release is cumulative, incorporating all previous GenBank data.
No retrieval software is provided. GenBank distribution via CD-ROM
ceased as of GenBank Release 106.0 (April, 1998).
Mirrors of the GenBank FTP site at the NCBI are available from the
San Diego Supercomputer Center and the University of Indiana:
ftp://genbank.sdsc.edu/pub
ftp://bio-mirror.net/biomirror/genbank/
6.4 Other Methods of Accessing GenBank Data
Entrez is a molecular biology database system that presents an integrated
view of DNA and protein sequence data, 3D structure data, complete genomes,
and associated MEDLINE entries. The system is produced by the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and is available only via
the Internet (using the Web-Entrez and Network-Entrez applications).
Accessing Entrez is easy: if you have a World Wide Web browser, such as
Netscape or Internet-Explorer, simply point your browser to:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
The Web version of Entrez has all the capabilities of the network version,
but with the visual style of the World Wide Web. If you prefer the "look and
feel" of Network-Entrez, you may download Network-Entrez from the NCBI's
FTP server:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/
Versions are available for PC/Windows, Macintosh and several Unix variants.
For information about Network-Entrez, Web-Entrez or any other NCBI
services, you may contact NCBI by e-mail at [email protected] or by
phone at 301-496-2475.
6.5 Request for Corrections and Comments
We welcome your suggestions for improvements to GenBank. We are
especially interested to learn of errors or inconsistencies in the
data. BankIt or Sequin can be used to submit revisions to previous
submissions. In addition, suggestions and corrections can be sent by
electronic mail to: [email protected]. Please be certain to
indicate the GenBank release number (e.g., Release 137.0) and the
primary accession number of the entry to which your comments apply; it
is helpful if you also give the entry name and the current contents of
any data field for which you are recommending a change.
6.6 Credits and Acknowledgments
Credits -
GenBank Release Coordination
Mark Cavanaugh
GenBank Submission Coordination
Ilene Mizrachi
GenBank Annotation Staff
Lori Black, Larissa Brown, Larry Chlumsky, Karen Clark, Irene Fang,
Michael Fetchko, Anjanette Johnston, William Klimke, Pierre Ledoux,
Richard McVeigh, Ilene Mizrachi, DeAnne Olsen Cravaritis,
Chris O'Sullivan, Leigh Riley, Gert Roosen, MJ Rosovitz, Susan Schafer,
Suh-suh Wang, Steven Wilhite, and Linda Yankie
Data Management and Preparation
Vladimir Alekseyev, Serge Bazhin, Anton Butanaev, Mark Cavanaugh,
Hsiu-Chuan Chen, Jonathan Kans, Michael Kimelman, Jim Ostell,
Karl Sirotkin, Vladimir Soussov, Elena Starchenko, Hanzhen Sun,
Tatiana Tatusov, Carolyn Tolstoshev, Jane Weisemann, Eugene Yaschenko
Database Administration
Ron Chen, Slava Khotomliansky, Tony Stearman
User Support
Medha Bhagwat, Peter Cooper, Susan Dombrowski, Andrei Gabrielian
Renata Geer, Scott McGinnis, Donna Messersmith, Rana Morris, Vyvy Pham,
Monica Romiti, Eric Sayers, Tao Tao, David Wheeler
Project Direction
David Lipman
Acknowledgments -
Contractor support for GenBank production and distribution has been
provided by Management Systems Designers, Inc., ComputerCraft Corporation,
and The KEVRIC Company, Inc.
6.7 Disclaimer
The United States Government makes no representations or warranties
regarding the content or accuracy of the information. The United States
Government also makes no representations or warranties of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose or that the use of the sequences will
not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark, or other rights. The
United States Government accepts no responsibility for any consequence
of the receipt or use of the information.
For additional information about GenBank releases, please contact
NCBI by e-mail at [email protected], by phone at (301) 496-2475,
or by mail at:
GenBank
National Library of Medicine
Bldg. 38A Rm. 8N-809
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
FAX: (301) 480-9241
