Release Notes For GenBank Release 138
GBREL.TXT Genetic Sequence Data Bank
October 15 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 138.0
Distribution Release Notes
29819397 loci, 35599621471 bases, from 29819397 reported sequences
This document describes the format and content of the flat files that
comprise releases of the GenBank database. If you have any questions or
comments about GenBank or this document, please contact NCBI via email
at [email protected] or:
GenBank
National Center for Biotechnology Information
National Library of Medicine, 38A, 8N805
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
USA
Phone: (301) 496-2475
Fax: (301) 480-9241
==========================================================================
TABLE OF CONTENTS
==========================================================================
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Release 138.0
1.2 Cutoff Date
1.3 Important Changes in Release 138.0
1.4 Upcoming Changes
1.5 Request for Direct Submission of Sequence Data
1.6 Organization of This Document
2. ORGANIZATION OF DATA FILES
2.1 Overview
2.2 Files
2.2.1 File Descriptions
2.2.5 File Sizes
2.2.6 Per-Division Statistics
2.2.7 Selected Per-Organism Statistics
2.2.8 Growth of GenBank
3. FILE FORMATS
3.1 File Header Information
3.2 Directory Files
3.2.1 Short Directory File
3.3 Index Files
3.3.1 Accession Number Index File
3.3.2 Keyword Phrase Index File
3.3.3 Author Name Index File
3.3.4 Journal Citation Index File
3.3.5 Gene Name Index
3.4 Sequence Entry Files
3.4.1 File Organization
3.4.2 Entry Organization
3.4.3 Sample Sequence Data File
3.4.4 LOCUS Format
3.4.5 DEFINITION Format
3.4.5.1 DEFINITION Format for NLM Entries
3.4.6 ACCESSION Format
3.4.7 VERSION Format
3.4.8 KEYWORDS Format
3.4.9 SEGMENT Format
3.4.10 SOURCE Format
3.4.11 REFERENCE Format
3.4.12 FEATURES Format
3.4.12.1 Feature Key Names
3.4.12.2 Feature Location
3.4.12.3 Feature Qualifiers
3.4.12.4 Cross-Reference Information
3.4.12.5 Feature Table Examples
3.4.13 ORIGIN Format
3.4.14 SEQUENCE Format
4. ALTERNATE RELEASES
5. KNOWN PROBLEMS OF THE GENBANK DATABASE
5.1 Incorrect Gene Symbols in Entries and Index
6. GENBANK ADMINISTRATION
6.1 Registered Trademark Notice
6.2 Citing GenBank
6.3 GenBank Distribution Formats and Media
6.4 Other Methods of Accessing GenBank Data
6.5 Request for Corrections and Comments
6.6 Credits and Acknowledgments
6.7 Disclaimer
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Release 138.0
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National
Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH) is responsible
for producing and distributing the GenBank Sequence Database. NCBI handles
all GenBank direct submissions and authors are advised to use the address
below. Submitters are encouraged to use the free Sequin software package
for sending sequence data, or the newly developed World Wide Web submission
form. See Section 1.5 below for details.
*****************************************************************************
The address for direct submissions to GenBank is:
GenBank Submissions
National Center for Biotechnology Information
Bldg 38A, Rm. 8N-803
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
E-MAIL: [email protected]
Updates and changes to existing GenBank records:
E-MAIL: [email protected]
URL for the new GenBank submission tool - BankIt - on the World Wide Web:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
(see Section 1.5 for additional details about submitting data to GenBank.)
*****************************************************************************
GenBank Release 138.0 is a release of sequence data by NCBI in the GenBank
flatfile format. GenBank is a component of a tri-partite, international
collaboration of sequence databases in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. The
collaborating databases in Europe are the European Molecular Biology Laboratory
(EMBL) at Hinxton Hall, UK, and the DNA Database of Japan (DDBJ) in Mishima,
Japan. Patent sequences are incorporated through arrangements with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and via the collaborating international
databases from other international patent offices. The database is converted
to various output formats, including the Flat File and Abstract Syntax Notation 1
(ASN.1) versions. The ASN.1 and Flat File forms of the data are available at
NCBI's anonymous FTP server: ftp.ncbi.nih.gov .
1.2 Cutoff Date
This full release, 138.0, incorporates data available to the collaborating
databases as of October 20, 2003. For more recent data, users are advised to:
o Download GenBank Incremental Update (GIU) files by anonymous FTP from NCBI:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/ncbi-asn1/daily-nc (ASN.1 format)
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/daily-nc (flatfile format)
Mirrors of the GenBank FTP site at the NCBI are available from the San Diego
Supercomputer Center and the University of Indiana:
ftp://genbank.sdsc.edu/pub
ftp://bio-mirror.net/biomirror/genbank/
Some users who experience slow FTP transfers of large files might realize
an improvement in transfer rates from these alternate sites when traffic at
the NCBI is high.
o Use the interactive Network-Entrez or Web-Entrez applications to query
the 'Entrez: Nucleotides' database (see Section 6.4 of this document).
1.3 Important Changes in Release 138.0
1.3.1 Organizational changes
The total number of sequence data files increased by 29 with this release:
- the EST division is now comprised of 279 files (+9)
- the GSS division is now comprised of 102 files (+18)
- the ROD division is now comprised of 10 files (+1)
- the VRT division is now comprised of 4 files (+1)
Updates to a significant number of HTC sequences has resulted in a
*decrease* in the overall number of HTC sequence files, from four
to three. The changes reduced the sizes of the records, such that
they now fit into only three files.
1.3.2 BASECOUNT line dropped
The BASECOUNT line of the GenBank flatfile format provides totals for
the number of A, T, G, C, and 'other' basepairs that are present within
the sequence of a database record. For example:
LOCUS AY244763 5686 bp DNA linear BCT 10-APR-2003
DEFINITION Rhodococcus sp. DS7 cysDNCQ operon, complete sequence.
ACCESSION AY244763
VERSION AY244763.1 GI:29725657
....
BASE COUNT 1137 a 1661 c 1821 g 1066 t 1 others
ORIGIN
1 cgcggtttgt gacgtctgat tgccggtcat tgacctttgg gtagaacgag ttctattctg
61 tgattgcgtt caatttagaa ccagtccggt acataaatgt accgatgcgg aaatggtgtt
....
5281 tgtcagctcg gtgtctggng gcgaggctaa gcaccaacgg cttcggtagc agaaccacat
This information is computationally expensive to produce for very large
sequences, and for sequences in the CON division. In the CON division case,
a record might be comprised of 'pointers' to hundreds, or even thousands,
of underlying GenBank records. So to calculate the BASECOUNT line content,
retrievals of sequence data for those many records must be performed. This
can noticeably impact the response time for flatfile generation within the
Entrez application.
As of this October 2003 GenBank Release (138.0), the BASECOUNT linetype
is no longer present in GenBank Release and GenBank Update products.
Depending on demand, a display option might be implemented in Entrez which
allows users to choose to have BASECOUNT shown.
1.3.3 New oriT feature
As of this October 2003 Release 138.0, a new feature key (oriT) is be
legal for the feature table:
Feature Key oriT
Definition origin of transfer; region of a DNA molecule where transfer is
initiated during the process of conjugation or mobilization.
Mandatory qualifiers: None
Optional Qualifiers: /bound_moiety="text"
/citation=[number]
/db_xref="<database>:<identifier>"
/direction=value
/evidence=<evidence_value>
/gene="text"
/label=feature_label
/locus_tag="text" (single token)
/map="text"
/note="text"
/rpt_family="text"
/rpt_type=<repeat_type>
/rpt_unit=<feature_label>
/standard_name="text"
/usedin=accnum:feature_label
Molecule Scope: DNA
Comments: rep_origin should be used for origins of replication; /direction
has legal values RIGHT, LEFT and BOTH, however only RIGHT and LEFT
are valid when used in conjunction with the oriT feature; origins
of transfer can be present in the chromosome; plasmids can contain
multiple origins of transfer
1.3.4 New /ecotype qualifier
As of this October 2003 GenBank Release 138.0, a new source feature
qualifier called /ecotype is legal. The definition for /ecotype is:
Qualifier /ecotype=
Definition A distinct population of organisms of a
widespread species that has adapted
genetically to its own local habitat.
Nevertheless, they can still reproduce
with members of other ecotypes of the
same species.
Value format "text"
Example /ecotype="Columbia"
Comment 'Ecotype' is often applied to standard
genetic stocks of Arabidopsis thaliana,
but it can be applied to any organism,
especially sessile organisms like plants.
1.3.5 Change to value format of /rpt_unit
As of this October 2003 Release 138.0, the value-format of the /rpt_unit
qualifier has been changed to allow 'text' . The previously documented
format was:
Value format <feature_label> or <base_range>
Example /rpt_unit=Alu_rpt1
/rpt_unit=202..245
Comment used to indicate feature which defines (or base range of) the
repeat unit of which a repeat region is made
However, a very common value for /rpt_unit is a literal sequence
string that represents the repeating unit(s). For example:
/rpt_unit=ta
/rpt_unit=ac;ag
So the format of this qualifier has been changed to:
Value format "text" or <feature_label> or <base_range>
Existing feature label and base range values are now presented as
text values.
1.3.6 New operon feature
Starting with this October 2003 Release 138.0, a new type of feature
is legal for the feature table:
Feature Key: operon
Definition: region containing polycistronic transcripts
and regulatory sequences containing genes
that encode enzymes that are in the same
metabolic pathway
Mandatory qualifiers: /operon
Optional qualifiers: /allele="text"
/citation=[number]
/db_xref="<database>:<identifier>"
/evidence=<evidence_value>
/function="text"
/operon="text"
/label=feature_label
/locus_tag="text" (single token)
/map="text"
/note="text"
/product="text"
/pseudo
/phenotype="text"
/standard_name="text"
/usedin=accnum:feature_label
In bacteria, many genes encoding for specific biosynthetic pathways are
transcribed in polycistronic operons. It has been challenging to reflect
this biology within the GenBank flatfile format. GenBank has been using
a gene feature that spans the entire regulatory region and all of the coding
regions and then gene features corresponding to the individual genes spaning
the coding genes.
The new operon feature will simplify the annotation of cases like these.
1.3.7 [er] prefix for JOURNAL line
As of this October 2003 Release 138.0, a new prefix is legal for the
JOURNAL line: [er] .
This prefix is an abbreviation for Electronic Resource, which is a
term that describes journal articles that are available on-line.
In 1999, an interim 'Online Publication' REFERENCE format was adopted for
use at GenBank in order to cite articles appearing only electronically:
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 2858)
AUTHORS Smith, J.
TITLE Cloning and expression of a phospholipase gene
JOURNAL Online Publication
REMARK Online-Journal-name; Article Identifier; URL
In subsequent years, no standards for citing on-line journal articles
have emerged from library organizations.
One such library organization (National Library of Medicine, NIH) is now
assigning identifiers (Medline UIs and PubMed Ids) to articles published
on-line, and it is presenting these articles in a manner that is identical
to print-journal articles. For example:
REFERENCE 1
AUTHORS Haas,B.J., Volfovsky,N., Town,C.D., Troukhan,M., Alexandrov,N.,
Feldmann,K.A., Flavell,R.B., White,O. and Salzberg,S.L.
TITLE Full-length messenger RNA sequences greatly improve genome
annotation
JOURNAL Genome Biol. 3 (6), RESEARCH0029 (2002)
MEDLINE 22088475
PUBMED 12093376
Although these citations may contain journal abbreviations, volume numbers,
issue/part/supplement numbers, pages, and year (just like a print-journal
citation), there is no guarantee that the contents of these fields will be
comparable to those of print-journal citations.
In the case above, although the page number is a bit unusual
("RESEARCH0029"), software that processes the JOURNAL line would probably
still be able to parse its contents. But there is also a possibility that
these fields could contain unusual characters (embedded spaces, commas,
parentheses), and possibly even URLs. So the presence of [er] :
JOURNAL [er] Genome Biol. 3 (6), RESEARCH0029 (2002)
will act as a warning (primarily to software) that the contents of the
JOURNAL line might not be as parsable as a print-journal JOURNAL line.
1.3.8 GSS File Header Problem
GSS sequences at GenBank are maintained in one of two different systems,
depending on their origin. One recent change to release processing involves
the parallelization of the dumps from those systems. Because the second dump
(for example) has no prior knowledge of exactly how many GSS files will be
dumped from the first, it doesn't know how to number it's own output files.
There is thus a discrepancy between the filenames and file headers of eleven
GSS flatfiles in Release 138.0. Consider the gbgss74.seq file:
GBGSS1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
October 15 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 138.0
GSS Sequences (Part 1)
87880 loci, 66457089 bases, from 87880 reported sequences
Here, the filename and part number in the header is "1", though the file
has been renamed as "92" based on the files dumped from the other system.
We will work to resolve this discrepancy in future releases, but the
priority is certainly much lower than many other tasks.
1.4 Upcoming Changes
1.4.1 **Sequence Length Limitation To Be Removed In June 2004**
At the May 2003 collaborative meeting among representatives of GenBank,
EMBL, and DDBJ, it was decided that the 350 kilobase limit on the sequence
length of database records will be removed as of June 2004.
Individual, complete sequences are currently expected to be a maximum
of 350 kbp in length. One major reason for the existence of this limit is
as an aid to users of sequence analysis software, some of which might not
be capable of processing megabase-scale sequences.
However, very significant exceptions to the 350 kbp limit have existed
for several years; Phase 1 (unordered, unoriented) and Phase 2 (ordered,
oriented) high-throughput genomic sequences (HTGS) generated by efforts
such as the Human Genome Project; large dispersed eukaryotic genes with
an intron/exon structure that spans more than 350 kbp; and sequences
which result from assemblies of Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) project data.
Given these exceptions, and the technological advances which have made
large-scale sequencing practical for an increasing number of researchers,
the collaboration has decided that the 350 kbp limit must be removed.
As of June 2004, the length of database sequences will be limited only
by the natural structures of an organism's genome. For example, a single
record might be used to represent all of human chromosome 1, which is
approximately 245 Mbp in length.
Software developers for some of the larger commercial sequence analysis
packages were recently asked what timeframe would be appropriate for this
change. Answers ranged from "immediately", to "several months", to "one year".
So the one-year timeframe was selected, to provide ample time to implement
changes which megabase-scale sequences may require.
Some sample records with very large sequences have been made available
so that developers can begin to test their software modifications:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/LargeSeqs
Many changes are expected after the removal of the length limit. For
example, complete bacterial genomes (typically on the order of several
megabases) will be re-assembled into single sequence records. The submission
process for such genomes will become much more streamlined, since database
staff will no longer have to split the genomes into pieces. BLAST services
will be enchanced, so that hits reported within very large sequences will
be presented in a meaningful context.
All such changes will be discussed more fully in future release notes,
the NCBI newsletter, and the GenBank newsgroup.
1.4.2 Accession format of WGS records
Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) sequences utilize an accession number format which
is different from those used for non-WGS GenBank sequences. This format is
referred to as 4 + 2 + 6, and is comprised of:
- a 4-letter WGS project code
- a 2-digit assembly-version number
- a 6 (and sometimes 7) digit sequence number
Because of their unique nature, WGS sequences are kept separate from other
GenBank products:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/wgs
For example, sequences much larger than the current 350 kbp limit can be
generated during the WGS assembly phase. In addition, there is no tracking
of nucleotide sequences from one assembly to the next. So the accessions
of one:
AAAB01000001
AAAB01000002
AAAB01000003
....
are not necessarily related in any way to those of the next assembly:
AAAB02000001
AAAB02000002
AAAB02000003
....
When a WGS project is completed, it is possible that the submittors may chose
to submit a single finished WGS sequence with a 4 + 2 + 6 accession, at which
point it could appear in the non-WGS portion of GenBank.
Alternately, the submittors might chose to submit the completed genome via
a non-WGS method, in which case a de-novo non-WGS accession would be assigned.
That record would then have one or more 2 + 4 + 6 WGS accessions as
secondary accessions.
Both scenarios are possible, especially after the 350 kbp sequence length
restriction is lifted. So we felt it was important to alert users that
WGS accessions may eventually be encountered in the non-WGS portion of
of GenBank, as primary or secondary accession numbers.
1.5 Request for Direct Submission of Sequence Data
A successful GenBank requires that sequence data enter the database as
soon as possible after publication, that the annotations be as complete as
possible, and that the sequence and annotation data be accurate. All
three of these requirements are best met if authors of sequence data
submit their data directly to GenBank in a usable form. It is especially
important that these submissions be in computer-readable form.
GenBank must rely on direct author submission of data to ensure that
it achieves its goals of completeness, accuracy, and timeliness. To
assist researchers in entering their own sequence data, GenBank
provides a WWW submission tool called BankIt, as well as a stand-alone
software package called Sequin. BankIt and Sequin are both easy-to-use
programs that enable authors to enter a sequence, annotate it, and
submit it to GenBank. Through the international collaboration of DNA
sequence databases, GenBank submissions are forwarded daily for inclusion
in the EMBL and DDBJ databases.
SEQUIN. Sequin is an interactive, graphically-oriented program based
on screen forms and controlled vocabularies that guides you through the
process of entering your sequence and providing biological and
bibliographic annotation. Sequin is designed to simplify the sequence submission
process, and to provide increased data handling capabilities to accomodate
very long sequences, complex annotations, and robust error checking. E-mail
the completed submission file to : [email protected]
Sequin is provided for Macintosh, PC/Windows, UNIX and VMS computers.
It is available by annonymous ftp from ftp.ncbi.nih.gov; login as
anonymous and use your e-mail address as the password. It is located in
the sequin directory. Or direct your web browser to this URL:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/sequin
BANKIT. BankIt provides a simple forms approach for submitting your
sequence and descriptive information to GenBank. Your submission will
be submitted directly to GenBank via the World Wide Web, and
immediately forwarded for inclusion in the EMBL and DDBJ databases.
BankIt may be used with Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other common
WWW clients. You can access BankIt from GenBank's home page:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
AUTHORIN. Authorin sequence submissions are no longer accepted by
GenBank, and the Authorin application is no longer distributed by NCBI.
If you have questions about GenBank submissions or any of the data
submission tools, contact NCBI at: [email protected] or 301-496-2475.
1.6 Organization of This Document
The second section describes the contents of GenBank releases. The third
section illustrates the formats of the flat files. The fourth section
describes other versions of the data, the fifth section identifies known prob-
lems, and the sixth contains administrative details.
2. ORGANIZATION OF DATA FILES
2.1 Overview
GenBank releases consist of a set of ASCII text files, most of which
contain sequence data. A few supplemental "index" files are also supplied,
containing comprehensive lists of author names, journal citations,
gene names, and keywords, along with the accession numbers of the records
in which they can be found (see Section 3.3). The line-lengths of
these files is variable.
2.2 Files
This GenBank flat file release consists of 562 files. The lists
that follow describe each of the files included in the distribution.
Their sizes and base pair content are also summarized.
2.2.1 File Descriptions
1. gbrel.txt - Release notes (this document).
2. gbsdr.txt - Short directory of the data bank.
3. gbacc.idx - Index of the entries according to accession number.
4. gbkey.idx - Index of the entries according to keyword phrase.
5. gbaut1.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 1.
6. gbaut2.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 2.
7. gbaut3.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 3.
8. gbaut4.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 4.
9. gbaut5.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 5.
10. gbaut6.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 6.
11. gbaut7.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 7.
12. gbaut8.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 8.
13. gbaut9.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 9.
14. gbaut10.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 10.
15. gbaut11.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 11.
16. gbaut12.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 12.
17. gbaut13.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 13.
18. gbaut14.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 14.
19. gbaut15.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 15.
20. gbaut16.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 16.
21. gbaut17.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 17.
22. gbaut18.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 18.
23. gbaut19.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 19.
24. gbaut20.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 20.
25. gbaut21.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 21.
26. gbaut22.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 22.
27. gbjou.idx - Index of the entries according to journal citation.
28. gbgen.idx - Index of the entries according to gene names.
29. gbsec.idx - Index of the entries according to secondary accession number.
30. gbpri1.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 1.
31. gbpri2.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 2.
32. gbpri3.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 3.
33. gbpri4.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 4.
34. gbpri5.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 5.
35. gbpri6.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 6.
36. gbpri7.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 7.
37. gbpri8.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 8.
38. gbpri9.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 9.
39. gbpri10.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 10.
40. gbpri11.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 11.
41. gbpri12.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 12.
42. gbpri13.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 13.
43. gbpri14.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 14.
44. gbpri15.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 15.
45. gbpri16.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 16.
46. gbpri17.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 17.
47. gbpri18.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 18.
48. gbpri19.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 19.
49. gbpri20.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 20.
50. gbpri21.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 21.
51. gbpri22.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 22.
52. gbpri23.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 23.
53. gbpri24.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 24.
54. gbpri25.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 25.
55. gbpri26.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 26.
56. gbrod1.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 1.
57. gbrod2.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 2.
58. gbrod3.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 3.
59. gbrod4.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 4.
60. gbrod5.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 5.
61. gbrod6.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 6.
62. gbrod7.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 7.
63. gbrod8.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 8.
64. gbrod9.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 9.
65. gbrod10.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 10.
66. gbmam.seq - Other mammalian sequence entries.
67. gbvrt1.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 1.
68. gbvrt2.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 2.
69. gbvrt3.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 3.
70. gbvrt4.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 4.
71. gbinv1.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 1.
72. gbinv2.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 2.
73. gbinv3.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 3.
74. gbinv4.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 4.
75. gbinv5.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 5.
76. gbinv6.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 6.
77. gbpln1.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 1.
78. gbpln2.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 2.
79. gbpln3.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 3.
80. gbpln4.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 4.
81. gbpln5.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 5.
82. gbpln6.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 6.
83. gbpln7.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 7.
84. gbpln8.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 8.
85. gbpln9.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 9.
86. gbbct1.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 1.
87. gbbct2.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 2.
88. gbbct3.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 3.
89. gbbct4.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 4.
90. gbbct5.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 5.
91. gbbct6.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 6.
92. gbbct7.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 7.
93. gbbct8.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 8.
94. gbvrl1.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 1.
95. gbvrl2.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 2.
96. gbvrl3.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 3.
97. gbphg.seq - Phage sequence entries.
98. gbsyn.seq - Synthetic and chimeric sequence entries.
99. gbuna.seq - Unannotated sequence entries.
100. gbest1.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 1.
101. gbest2.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 2.
102. gbest3.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 3.
103. gbest4.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 4.
104. gbest5.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 5.
105. gbest6.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 6.
106. gbest7.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 7.
107. gbest8.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 8.
108. gbest9.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 9.
109. gbest10.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 10.
110. gbest11.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 11.
111. gbest12.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 12.
112. gbest13.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 13.
113. gbest14.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 14.
114. gbest15.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 15.
115. gbest16.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 16.
116. gbest17.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 17.
117. gbest18.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 18.
118. gbest19.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 19.
119. gbest20.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 20.
120. gbest21.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 21.
121. gbest22.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 22.
122. gbest23.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 23.
123. gbest24.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 24.
124. gbest25.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 25.
125. gbest26.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 26.
126. gbest27.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 27.
127. gbest28.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 28.
128. gbest29.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 29.
129. gbest30.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 30.
130. gbest31.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 31.
131. gbest32.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 32.
132. gbest33.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 33.
133. gbest34.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 34.
134. gbest35.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 35.
135. gbest36.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 36.
136. gbest37.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 37.
137. gbest38.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 38.
138. gbest39.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 39.
139. gbest40.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 40.
140. gbest41.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 41.
141. gbest42.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 42.
142. gbest43.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 43.
143. gbest44.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 44.
144. gbest45.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 45.
145. gbest46.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 46.
146. gbest47.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 47.
147. gbest48.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 48.
148. gbest49.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 49.
149. gbest50.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 50.
150. gbest51.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 51.
151. gbest52.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 52.
152. gbest53.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 53.
153. gbest54.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 54.
154. gbest55.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 55.
155. gbest56.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 56.
156. gbest57.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 57.
157. gbest58.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 58.
158. gbest59.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 59.
159. gbest60.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 60.
160. gbest61.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 61.
161. gbest62.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 62.
162. gbest63.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 63.
163. gbest64.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 64.
164. gbest65.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 65.
165. gbest66.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 66.
166. gbest67.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 67.
167. gbest68.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 68.
168. gbest69.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 69.
169. gbest70.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 70.
170. gbest71.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 71.
171. gbest72.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 72.
172. gbest73.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 73.
173. gbest74.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 74.
174. gbest75.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 75.
175. gbest76.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 76.
176. gbest77.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 77.
177. gbest78.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 78.
178. gbest79.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 79.
179. gbest80.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 80.
180. gbest81.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 81.
181. gbest82.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 82.
182. gbest83.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 83.
183. gbest84.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 84.
184. gbest85.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 85.
185. gbest86.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 86.
186. gbest87.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 87.
187. gbest88.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 88.
188. gbest89.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 89
189. gbest90.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 90.
190. gbest91.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 91.
191. gbest92.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 92.
192. gbest93.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 93.
193. gbest94.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 94.
194. gbest95.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 95.
195. gbest96.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 96.
196. gbest97.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 97.
197. gbest98.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 98.
198. gbest99.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 99.
199. gbest100.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 100.
200. gbest101.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 101.
201. gbest102.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 102.
202. gbest103.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 103.
203. gbest104.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 104.
204. gbest105.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 105.
205. gbest106.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 106.
206. gbest107.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 107.
207. gbest108.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 108.
208. gbest109.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 109.
209. gbest110.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 110.
210. gbest111.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 111.
211. gbest112.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 112.
212. gbest113.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 113.
213. gbest114.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 114.
214. gbest115.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 115.
215. gbest116.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 116.
216. gbest117.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 117.
217. gbest118.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 118.
218. gbest119.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 119.
219. gbest120.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 120.
220. gbest121.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 121.
221. gbest122.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 122.
222. gbest123.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 123.
223. gbest124.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 124.
224. gbest125.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 125.
225. gbest126.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 126.
226. gbest127.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 127.
227. gbest128.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 128.
228. gbest129.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 129.
229. gbest130.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 130.
230. gbest131.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 131.
231. gbest132.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 132.
232. gbest133.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 133.
233. gbest134.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 134.
234. gbest135.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 135.
235. gbest136.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 136.
236. gbest137.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 137.
237. gbest138.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 138.
238. gbest139.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 139.
239. gbest140.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 140.
240. gbest141.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 141.
241. gbest142.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 142.
242. gbest143.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 143.
243. gbest144.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 144.
244. gbest145.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 145.
245. gbest146.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 146.
246. gbest147.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 147.
247. gbest148.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 148.
248. gbest149.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 149.
249. gbest150.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 150.
250. gbest151.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 151.
251. gbest152.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 152.
252. gbest153.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 153.
253. gbest154.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 154.
254. gbest155.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 155.
255. gbest156.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 156.
256. gbest157.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 157.
257. gbest158.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 158.
258. gbest159.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 159.
259. gbest160.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 160.
260. gbest161.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 161.
261. gbest162.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 162.
262. gbest163.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 163.
263. gbest164.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 164.
264. gbest165.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 165.
265. gbest166.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 166.
266. gbest167.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 167.
267. gbest168.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 168.
268. gbest169.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 169.
269. gbest170.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 170.
270. gbest171.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 171.
271. gbest172.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 172.
272. gbest173.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 173.
273. gbest174.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 174.
274. gbest175.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 175.
275. gbest176.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 176.
276. gbest177.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 177.
277. gbest178.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 178.
278. gbest179.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 179.
279. gbest180.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 180.
280. gbest181.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 181.
281. gbest182.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 182.
282. gbest183.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 183.
283. gbest184.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 184.
284. gbest185.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 185.
285. gbest186.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 186.
286. gbest187.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 187.
287. gbest188.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 188.
288. gbest189.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 189.
289. gbest190.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 190.
290. gbest191.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 191.
291. gbest192.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 192.
292. gbest193.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 193.
293. gbest194.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 194.
294. gbest195.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 195.
295. gbest196.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 196.
296. gbest197.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 197.
297. gbest198.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 198.
298. gbest199.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 199.
299. gbest200.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 200.
300. gbest201.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 201.
301. gbest202.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 202.
302. gbest203.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 203.
303. gbest204.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 204.
304. gbest205.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 205.
305. gbest206.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 206.
306. gbest207.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 207.
307. gbest208.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 208.
308. gbest209.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 209.
309. gbest210.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 210.
310. gbest211.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 211.
311. gbest212.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 212.
312. gbest213.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 213.
313. gbest214.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 214.
314. gbest215.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 215.
315. gbest216.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 216.
316. gbest217.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 217.
317. gbest218.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 218.
318. gbest219.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 219.
319. gbest220.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 220.
320. gbest221.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 221.
321. gbest222.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 222.
322. gbest223.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 223.
323. gbest224.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 224.
324. gbest225.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 225.
325. gbest226.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 226.
326. gbest227.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 227.
327. gbest228.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 228.
328. gbest229.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 229.
329. gbest230.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 230.
330. gbest231.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 231.
331. gbest232.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 232.
332. gbest233.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 233.
333. gbest234.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 234.
334. gbest235.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 235.
335. gbest236.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 236.
336. gbest237.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 237.
337. gbest238.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 238.
338. gbest239.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 239.
339. gbest240.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 240.
340. gbest241.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 241.
341. gbest242.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 242.
342. gbest243.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 243.
343. gbest244.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 244.
344. gbest245.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 245.
345. gbest246.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 246.
346. gbest247.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 247.
347. gbest248.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 248.
348. gbest249.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 249.
349. gbest250.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 250.
350. gbest251.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 251.
351. gbest252.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 252.
352. gbest253.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 253.
353. gbest254.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 254.
354. gbest255.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 255.
355. gbest256.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 256.
356. gbest257.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 257.
357. gbest258.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 258.
358. gbest259.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 259.
359. gbest260.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 260.
360. gbest261.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 261.
361. gbest262.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 262.
362. gbest263.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 263.
363. gbest264.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 264.
364. gbest265.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 265.
365. gbest266.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 266.
366. gbest267.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 267.
367. gbest268.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 268.
368. gbest269.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 269.
369. gbest270.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 270.
370. gbest271.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 271.
371. gbest272.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 272.
372. gbest273.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 273.
373. gbest274.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 274.
374. gbest275.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 275.
375. gbest276.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 276.
376. gbest277.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 277.
377. gbest278.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 278.
378. gbest279.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 279.
379. gbpat1.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 1.
380. gbpat2.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 2.
381. gbpat3.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 3.
382. gbpat4.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 4.
383. gbpat5.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 5.
384. gbpat6.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 6.
385. gbpat7.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 7.
386. gbpat8.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 8.
387. gbpat9.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 9.
388. gbpat10.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 10.
389. gbsts1.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 1.
390. gbsts2.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 2.
391. gbsts3.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 3.
392. gbgss1.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 1.
393. gbgss2.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 2.
394. gbgss3.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 3.
395. gbgss4.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 4.
396. gbgss5.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 5.
397. gbgss6.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 6.
398. gbgss7.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 7.
399. gbgss8.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 8.
400. gbgss9.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 9.
401. gbgss10.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 10.
402. gbgss11.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 11.
403. gbgss12.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 12.
404. gbgss13.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 13.
405. gbgss14.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 14.
406. gbgss15.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 15.
407. gbgss16.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 16.
408. gbgss17.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 17.
409. gbgss18.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 18.
410. gbgss19.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 19.
411. gbgss20.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 20.
412. gbgss21.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 21.
413. gbgss22.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 22.
414. gbgss23.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 23.
415. gbgss24.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 24.
416. gbgss25.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 25.
417. gbgss26.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 26.
418. gbgss27.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 27.
419. gbgss28.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 28.
420. gbgss29.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 29.
421. gbgss30.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 30.
422. gbgss31.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 31.
423. gbgss32.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 32.
424. gbgss33.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 33.
425. gbgss34.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 34.
426. gbgss35.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 35.
427. gbgss36.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 36.
428. gbgss37.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 37.
429. gbgss38.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 38.
430. gbgss39.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 39.
431. gbgss40.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 40.
432. gbgss41.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 41.
433. gbgss42.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 42.
434. gbgss43.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 43.
435. gbgss44.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 44.
436. gbgss45.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 45.
437. gbgss46.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 46.
438. gbgss47.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 47.
439. gbgss48.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 48.
440. gbgss49.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 49.
441. gbgss50.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 50.
442. gbgss51.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 51.
443. gbgss52.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 52.
444. gbgss53.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 53.
445. gbgss54.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 54.
446. gbgss55.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 55.
447. gbgss56.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 56.
448. gbgss57.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 57.
449. gbgss58.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 58.
450. gbgss59.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 59.
451. gbgss60.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 60.
452. gbgss61.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 61.
453. gbgss62.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 62.
454. gbgss63.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 63.
455. gbgss64.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 64.
456. gbgss65.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 65.
457. gbgss66.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 66.
458. gbgss67.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 67.
459. gbgss68.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 68.
460. gbgss69.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 69.
461. gbgss70.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 70.
462. gbgss71.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 71.
463. gbgss72.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 72.
464. gbgss73.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 73.
465. gbgss74.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 74.
466. gbgss75.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 75.
467. gbgss76.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 76.
468. gbgss77.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 77.
469. gbgss78.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 78.
470. gbgss79.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 79.
471. gbgss80.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 80.
472. gbgss81.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 81.
473. gbgss82.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 82.
474. gbgss83.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 83.
475. gbgss84.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 84.
476. gbgss85.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 85.
477. gbgss86.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 86.
478. gbgss87.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 87.
479. gbgss88.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 88.
480. gbgss89.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 89.
481. gbgss90.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 90.
482. gbgss91.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 91.
483. gbgss92.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 92.
484. gbgss93.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 93.
485. gbgss94.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 94.
486. gbgss95.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 95.
487. gbgss96.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 96.
488. gbgss97.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 97.
489. gbgss98.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 98.
490. gbgss99.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 99.
491. gbgss100.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 100.
492. gbgss101.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 101.
493. gbgss102.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 102.
494. gbhtg1.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 1.
495. gbhtg2.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 2.
496. gbhtg3.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 3.
497. gbhtg4.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 4.
498. gbhtg5.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 5.
499. gbhtg6.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 6.
500. gbhtg7.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 7.
501. gbhtg8.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 8.
502. gbhtg9.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 9.
503. gbhtg10.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 10.
504. gbhtg11.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 11.
505. gbhtg12.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 12.
506. gbhtg13.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 13.
507. gbhtg14.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 14.
508. gbhtg15.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 15.
509. gbhtg16.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 16.
510. gbhtg17.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 17.
511. gbhtg18.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 18.
512. gbhtg19.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 19.
513. gbhtg20.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 20.
514. gbhtg21.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 21.
515. gbhtg22.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 22.
516. gbhtg23.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 23.
517. gbhtg24.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 24.
518. gbhtg25.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 25.
519. gbhtg26.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 26.
520. gbhtg27.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 27.
521. gbhtg28.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 28.
522. gbhtg29.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 29.
523. gbhtg30.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 30.
524. gbhtg31.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 31.
525. gbhtg32.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 32.
526. gbhtg33.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 33.
527. gbhtg34.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 34.
528. gbhtg35.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 35.
529. gbhtg36.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 36.
530. gbhtg37.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 37.
531. gbhtg38.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 38.
532. gbhtg39.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 39.
533. gbhtg40.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 40.
534. gbhtg41.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 41.
535. gbhtg42.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 42.
536. gbhtg43.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 43.
537. gbhtg44.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 44.
538. gbhtg45.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 45.
539. gbhtg46.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 46.
540. gbhtg47.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 47.
541. gbhtg48.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 48.
542. gbhtg49.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 49.
543. gbhtg50.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 50.
544. gbhtg51.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 51.
545. gbhtg52.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 52.
546. gbhtg53.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 53.
547. gbhtg54.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 54.
548. gbhtg55.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 55.
549. gbhtg56.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 56.
550. gbhtg57.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 57.
551. gbhtg58.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 58.
552. gbhtg59.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 59.
553. gbhtg60.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 60.
554. gbhtg61.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 61.
555. gbhtg62.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 62.
556. gbhtc1.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 1.
557. gbhtc2.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 2.
558. gbhtc3.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 3.
559. gbcon.seq - CON division entries (see description below for details)
560. gbchg.txt - Accession numbers of entries updated since the previous release.
561. gbdel.txt - Accession numbers of entries deleted since the previous release.
562. gbnew.txt - Accession numbers of entries new since the previous release.
The gbcon.seq data file provides an alternative representation for complex
sequences, such as segmented sets and complete-genomes that have been split
into pieces. These "CON" records do not contain sequence data; they utilize
a CONTIG linetype with a join() statement which describes how the component
sequences can be assembled to form the larger sequence. The contents of the
CON division are not reflected in the 'index', 'new', 'chg', and 'del' files
that accompany GenBank releases, nor in release statistics (Sections 2.2.6,
2.2.7, and 2.2.8). The GenBank README describes the CON division of GenBank
in more detail:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/README.genbank
2.2.5 File Sizes
Uncompressed, the Release 138.0 flatfiles require roughly 118 GB (sequence
files only) or 131 GB (including the 'short directory' and 'index' files).
The following table contains the approximate sizes of the individual files in
this release. Since minor changes to some of the files might have occurred
after these release notes were written, these sizes should not be used to
determine file integrity; they are provided as an aid to planning only.
File Size File Name
976643295 gbacc.idx
500888689 gbaut1.idx
500063544 gbaut10.idx
504123577 gbaut11.idx
500382544 gbaut12.idx
504358549 gbaut13.idx
509743479 gbaut14.idx
506937191 gbaut15.idx
517551635 gbaut16.idx
500639230 gbaut17.idx
504914345 gbaut18.idx
515004686 gbaut19.idx
506517350 gbaut2.idx
500568403 gbaut20.idx
510812270 gbaut21.idx
159993728 gbaut22.idx
509126100 gbaut3.idx
500078477 gbaut4.idx
500730088 gbaut5.idx
549213728 gbaut6.idx
515037903 gbaut7.idx
517523972 gbaut8.idx
507965465 gbaut9.idx
250014470 gbbct1.seq
250561827 gbbct2.seq
250003653 gbbct3.seq
250132421 gbbct4.seq
250001341 gbbct5.seq
250033211 gbbct6.seq
250003131 gbbct7.seq
77070470 gbbct8.seq
2077440 gbchg.txt
17712843 gbcon.seq
92480 gbdel.txt
230689215 gbest1.seq
230688780 gbest10.seq
230687559 gbest100.seq
230691435 gbest101.seq
230689455 gbest102.seq
230689415 gbest103.seq
230689756 gbest104.seq
230689834 gbest105.seq
230688618 gbest106.seq
230004400 gbest107.seq
230688762 gbest108.seq
230687964 gbest109.seq
230687991 gbest11.seq
230687584 gbest110.seq
230688736 gbest111.seq
230689861 gbest112.seq
230690718 gbest113.seq
230689610 gbest114.seq
230689389 gbest115.seq
230687586 gbest116.seq
230688120 gbest117.seq
230688025 gbest118.seq
230689285 gbest119.seq
230689583 gbest12.seq
230688687 gbest120.seq
230689359 gbest121.seq
230687860 gbest122.seq
230688840 gbest123.seq
230688164 gbest124.seq
230690574 gbest125.seq
230690479 gbest126.seq
230689758 gbest127.seq
230688530 gbest128.seq
230689336 gbest129.seq
230688416 gbest13.seq
230688459 gbest130.seq
230689399 gbest131.seq
230689629 gbest132.seq
230689901 gbest133.seq
230689468 gbest134.seq
230687549 gbest135.seq
230689124 gbest136.seq
230691386 gbest137.seq
230688178 gbest138.seq
230688316 gbest139.seq
230687670 gbest14.seq
230687628 gbest140.seq
230689111 gbest141.seq
230690146 gbest142.seq
230691533 gbest143.seq
230688886 gbest144.seq
230692022 gbest145.seq
230690500 gbest146.seq
230688669 gbest147.seq
230688383 gbest148.seq
230690360 gbest149.seq
230690003 gbest15.seq
230687840 gbest150.seq
230689161 gbest151.seq
230689252 gbest152.seq
230688263 gbest153.seq
230688632 gbest154.seq
230688828 gbest155.seq
230687878 gbest156.seq
230687689 gbest157.seq
230689009 gbest158.seq
230688639 gbest159.seq
230689872 gbest16.seq
230688638 gbest160.seq
230688796 gbest161.seq
230688787 gbest162.seq
230688476 gbest163.seq
230689162 gbest164.seq
230687932 gbest165.seq
230689869 gbest166.seq
230688180 gbest167.seq
230688750 gbest168.seq
230688032 gbest169.seq
230689177 gbest17.seq
230690837 gbest170.seq
230688890 gbest171.seq
230688134 gbest172.seq
230688210 gbest173.seq
230690548 gbest174.seq
230688428 gbest175.seq
230689384 gbest176.seq
230691184 gbest177.seq
230687919 gbest178.seq
230688205 gbest179.seq
230689635 gbest18.seq
230690610 gbest180.seq
230687822 gbest181.seq
230689566 gbest182.seq
230689081 gbest183.seq
230687665 gbest184.seq
230688697 gbest185.seq
230688654 gbest186.seq
230688314 gbest187.seq
230687687 gbest188.seq
230689270 gbest189.seq
230687978 gbest19.seq
230689524 gbest190.seq
230690423 gbest191.seq
230688615 gbest192.seq
230690742 gbest193.seq
230689879 gbest194.seq
165853521 gbest195.seq
162569777 gbest196.seq
166032459 gbest197.seq
170229415 gbest198.seq
169820773 gbest199.seq
230689481 gbest2.seq
230688881 gbest20.seq
164088413 gbest200.seq
165261238 gbest201.seq
164668519 gbest202.seq
164462296 gbest203.seq
164686647 gbest204.seq
164363573 gbest205.seq
164163922 gbest206.seq
163548170 gbest207.seq
168054055 gbest208.seq
162156063 gbest209.seq
230689191 gbest21.seq
164032644 gbest210.seq
168489720 gbest211.seq
167296002 gbest212.seq
165975654 gbest213.seq
165849449 gbest214.seq
165523752 gbest215.seq
165277022 gbest216.seq
164392147 gbest217.seq
164452312 gbest218.seq
165593761 gbest219.seq
230687746 gbest22.seq
167587431 gbest220.seq
180543431 gbest221.seq
170957317 gbest222.seq
230689132 gbest223.seq
230688401 gbest224.seq
230690525 gbest225.seq
230690660 gbest226.seq
230688374 gbest227.seq
230688280 gbest228.seq
230688620 gbest229.seq
230688760 gbest23.seq
230689429 gbest230.seq
230687818 gbest231.seq
230689457 gbest232.seq
230687450 gbest233.seq
230688071 gbest234.seq
230687882 gbest235.seq
230690494 gbest236.seq
230690336 gbest237.seq
230690216 gbest238.seq
230688345 gbest239.seq
230689634 gbest24.seq
230690551 gbest240.seq
230688555 gbest241.seq
230688024 gbest242.seq
230689395 gbest243.seq
230690787 gbest244.seq
230690212 gbest245.seq
230688529 gbest246.seq
230687958 gbest247.seq
230689100 gbest248.seq
230687857 gbest249.seq
230687460 gbest25.seq
230688245 gbest250.seq
212845222 gbest251.seq
230688921 gbest252.seq
230687595 gbest253.seq
230690182 gbest254.seq
230689699 gbest255.seq
230689529 gbest256.seq
230689787 gbest257.seq
230689071 gbest258.seq
230689159 gbest259.seq
230690272 gbest26.seq
230689208 gbest260.seq
230688401 gbest261.seq
230689023 gbest262.seq
230688697 gbest263.seq
230687520 gbest264.seq
230688294 gbest265.seq
230689128 gbest266.seq
230687998 gbest267.seq
230689112 gbest268.seq
230693222 gbest269.seq
230689642 gbest27.seq
230691325 gbest270.seq
230687614 gbest271.seq
230687521 gbest272.seq
230688052 gbest273.seq
230689600 gbest274.seq
230688535 gbest275.seq
227191306 gbest276.seq
230690547 gbest277.seq
230688366 gbest278.seq
42911007 gbest279.seq
230688505 gbest28.seq
230688416 gbest29.seq
230690810 gbest3.seq
230687960 gbest30.seq
230688457 gbest31.seq
230688170 gbest32.seq
230687525 gbest33.seq
230688394 gbest34.seq
230687816 gbest35.seq
202456789 gbest36.seq
190720005 gbest37.seq
200809399 gbest38.seq
214454629 gbest39.seq
230687964 gbest4.seq
216174379 gbest40.seq
216142377 gbest41.seq
216597362 gbest42.seq
230687620 gbest43.seq
230687511 gbest44.seq
222283101 gbest45.seq
230688952 gbest46.seq
230687455 gbest47.seq
230688716 gbest48.seq
230689512 gbest49.seq
163952500 gbest5.seq
230691036 gbest50.seq
230687716 gbest51.seq
230691010 gbest52.seq
230689626 gbest53.seq
230688339 gbest54.seq
230692127 gbest55.seq
230690267 gbest56.seq
230688381 gbest57.seq
230687897 gbest58.seq
230689043 gbest59.seq
180635464 gbest6.seq
230687631 gbest60.seq
221532087 gbest61.seq
209338065 gbest62.seq
209073066 gbest63.seq
208873096 gbest64.seq
209319317 gbest65.seq
210584555 gbest66.seq
209266783 gbest67.seq
208516869 gbest68.seq
209879037 gbest69.seq
230689902 gbest7.seq
210031001 gbest70.seq
205180581 gbest71.seq
207564594 gbest72.seq
207276007 gbest73.seq
209187254 gbest74.seq
219418677 gbest75.seq
230691303 gbest76.seq
230691549 gbest77.seq
227237981 gbest78.seq
216065983 gbest79.seq
230687820 gbest8.seq
214005105 gbest80.seq
222023185 gbest81.seq
230688082 gbest82.seq
230690170 gbest83.seq
230689187 gbest84.seq
230687707 gbest85.seq
230689453 gbest86.seq
230688830 gbest87.seq
230689245 gbest88.seq
230687989 gbest89.seq
230687947 gbest9.seq
230690336 gbest90.seq
230689460 gbest91.seq
230690575 gbest92.seq
230687956 gbest93.seq
230687550 gbest94.seq
230688280 gbest95.seq
230687534 gbest96.seq
230688727 gbest97.seq
230688677 gbest98.seq
230689020 gbest99.seq
32547847 gbgen.idx
209717613 gbgss1.seq
209717427 gbgss10.seq
250002442 gbgss100.seq
250001006 gbgss101.seq
194845721 gbgss102.seq
209718082 gbgss11.seq
209719430 gbgss12.seq
209716048 gbgss13.seq
209718327 gbgss14.seq
209718140 gbgss15.seq
209717043 gbgss16.seq
209717166 gbgss17.seq
209716611 gbgss18.seq
209718006 gbgss19.seq
209718258 gbgss2.seq
209715997 gbgss20.seq
209719196 gbgss21.seq
209716318 gbgss22.seq
209718495 gbgss23.seq
209716830 gbgss24.seq
209716050 gbgss25.seq
209718333 gbgss26.seq
209718570 gbgss27.seq
209718368 gbgss28.seq
209718256 gbgss29.seq
209716753 gbgss3.seq
209719110 gbgss30.seq
209717581 gbgss31.seq
209717278 gbgss32.seq
209718320 gbgss33.seq
209719013 gbgss34.seq
209716113 gbgss35.seq
209716058 gbgss36.seq
209716264 gbgss37.seq
209716859 gbgss38.seq
209716316 gbgss39.seq
209717988 gbgss4.seq
209717781 gbgss40.seq
209718269 gbgss41.seq
209716367 gbgss42.seq
209717482 gbgss43.seq
209717226 gbgss44.seq
209717452 gbgss45.seq
209716793 gbgss46.seq
209717486 gbgss47.seq
209716074 gbgss48.seq
209718148 gbgss49.seq
209716920 gbgss5.seq
209717978 gbgss50.seq
209715954 gbgss51.seq
209717448 gbgss52.seq
209717026 gbgss53.seq
209718057 gbgss54.seq
209717836 gbgss55.seq
209716831 gbgss56.seq
209718739 gbgss57.seq
209717218 gbgss58.seq
209717346 gbgss59.seq
209718309 gbgss6.seq
209718740 gbgss60.seq
209716110 gbgss61.seq
209716908 gbgss62.seq
209717765 gbgss63.seq
209717840 gbgss64.seq
209716756 gbgss65.seq
208429601 gbgss66.seq
209458665 gbgss67.seq
209716630 gbgss68.seq
209716605 gbgss69.seq
209717024 gbgss7.seq
209717764 gbgss70.seq
209717105 gbgss71.seq
209717504 gbgss72.seq
209717240 gbgss73.seq
209716792 gbgss74.seq
209717126 gbgss75.seq
209716974 gbgss76.seq
209717811 gbgss77.seq
209717758 gbgss78.seq
209717627 gbgss79.seq
209716751 gbgss8.seq
209716751 gbgss80.seq
209716637 gbgss81.seq
209716232 gbgss82.seq
209716076 gbgss83.seq
209717572 gbgss84.seq
209718594 gbgss85.seq
209718609 gbgss86.seq
209716035 gbgss87.seq
190126067 gbgss88.seq
178567556 gbgss89.seq
209717197 gbgss9.seq
186989876 gbgss90.seq
60256107 gbgss91.seq
250001820 gbgss92.seq
250002122 gbgss93.seq
250001214 gbgss94.seq
250002016 gbgss95.seq
250000886 gbgss96.seq
250001159 gbgss97.seq
250000794 gbgss98.seq
250000880 gbgss99.seq
250005905 gbhtc1.seq
250002389 gbhtc2.seq
235926494 gbhtc3.seq
250170750 gbhtg1.seq
250227747 gbhtg10.seq
250282980 gbhtg11.seq
250148463 gbhtg12.seq
250313171 gbhtg13.seq
250130901 gbhtg14.seq
250070013 gbhtg15.seq
250245566 gbhtg16.seq
250044738 gbhtg17.seq
250063398 gbhtg18.seq
250202467 gbhtg19.seq
250004941 gbhtg2.seq
250235674 gbhtg20.seq
250006985 gbhtg21.seq
250103036 gbhtg22.seq
250244547 gbhtg23.seq
250095331 gbhtg24.seq
250357776 gbhtg25.seq
250318902 gbhtg26.seq
250248862 gbhtg27.seq
250450626 gbhtg28.seq
250370782 gbhtg29.seq
250257563 gbhtg3.seq
250051194 gbhtg30.seq
250336737 gbhtg31.seq
250140252 gbhtg32.seq
250071648 gbhtg33.seq
250107364 gbhtg34.seq
250117476 gbhtg35.seq
250201595 gbhtg36.seq
250162508 gbhtg37.seq
250041668 gbhtg38.seq
250104372 gbhtg39.seq
250074405 gbhtg4.seq
250091650 gbhtg40.seq
250168284 gbhtg41.seq
250032079 gbhtg42.seq
250328473 gbhtg43.seq
250285241 gbhtg44.seq
250165641 gbhtg45.seq
250303646 gbhtg46.seq
250051168 gbhtg47.seq
250207927 gbhtg48.seq
250103909 gbhtg49.seq
250001140 gbhtg5.seq
250170368 gbhtg50.seq
250171071 gbhtg51.seq
250016580 gbhtg52.seq
250107520 gbhtg53.seq
250088261 gbhtg54.seq
250145838 gbhtg55.seq
250216463 gbhtg56.seq
250058813 gbhtg57.seq
250084694 gbhtg58.seq
250044110 gbhtg59.seq
250147212 gbhtg6.seq
250005934 gbhtg60.seq
250090225 gbhtg61.seq
72506619 gbhtg62.seq
250134457 gbhtg7.seq
250062291 gbhtg8.seq
250222100 gbhtg9.seq
250062171 gbinv1.seq
250437298 gbinv2.seq
250001646 gbinv3.seq
250000672 gbinv4.seq
250178816 gbinv5.seq
92550636 gbinv6.seq
751647733 gbjou.idx
668931437 gbkey.idx
189361771 gbmam.seq
39963593 gbnew.txt
250003065 gbpat1.seq
29113031 gbpat10.seq
250000233 gbpat2.seq
250000608 gbpat3.seq
250001575 gbpat4.seq
250000260 gbpat5.seq
250006192 gbpat6.seq
250001503 gbpat7.seq
250001478 gbpat8.seq
250000458 gbpat9.seq
27234850 gbphg.seq
250134975 gbpln1.seq
250000981 gbpln2.seq
250000007 gbpln3.seq
250006991 gbpln4.seq
250034971 gbpln5.seq
250001809 gbpln6.seq
250002159 gbpln7.seq
250130783 gbpln8.seq
232266877 gbpln9.seq
250129389 gbpri1.seq
250081465 gbpri10.seq
250004157 gbpri11.seq
250024234 gbpri12.seq
250152690 gbpri13.seq
250003501 gbpri14.seq
250000006 gbpri15.seq
250038839 gbpri16.seq
250166784 gbpri17.seq
250077228 gbpri18.seq
250154777 gbpri19.seq
250192244 gbpri2.seq
250038717 gbpri20.seq
250001155 gbpri21.seq
250115103 gbpri22.seq
250001263 gbpri23.seq
250001117 gbpri24.seq
250001716 gbpri25.seq
204752491 gbpri26.seq
250004862 gbpri3.seq
250076859 gbpri4.seq
250151822 gbpri5.seq
250205982 gbpri6.seq
250066748 gbpri7.seq
250136205 gbpri8.seq
250179766 gbpri9.seq
165723 gbrel.txt
250161579 gbrod1.seq
54764704 gbrod10.seq
250023006 gbrod2.seq
250001753 gbrod3.seq
250012585 gbrod4.seq
250185561 gbrod5.seq
250082122 gbrod6.seq
250194290 gbrod7.seq
250000176 gbrod8.seq
250000389 gbrod9.seq
2385586594 gbsdr.txt
1504519 gbsec.idx
250000148 gbsts1.seq
250001906 gbsts2.seq
215955402 gbsts3.seq
47756860 gbsyn.seq
2392689 gbuna.seq
250000589 gbvrl1.seq
250000498 gbvrl2.seq
190883146 gbvrl3.seq
250032854 gbvrt1.seq
250000507 gbvrt2.seq
250000319 gbvrt3.seq
17207685 gbvrt4.seq
2.2.6 Per-Division Statistics
The following table provides a per-division breakdown of the number of
sequence entries and the total number of bases of DNA/RNA in each sequence
data file:
Division Entries Bases
BCT1 23834 100240531
BCT2 8121 106983411
BCT3 25125 104249793
BCT4 46636 92367228
BCT5 21430 108606633
BCT6 32106 93809510
BCT7 35956 92161609
BCT8 17570 27059854
EST1 68591 26476165
EST10 76943 29967096
EST100 70223 30968090
EST101 66692 31723984
EST102 66462 39178196
EST103 70601 37265642
EST104 70355 45868745
EST105 76548 34768137
EST106 74701 27808962
EST107 75891 26035517
EST108 73836 40366072
EST109 64305 32803555
EST11 76438 29001689
EST110 79361 48083150
EST111 79732 45400791
EST112 72814 45615701
EST113 69171 42931048
EST114 73541 47411646
EST115 68252 45369930
EST116 74052 44040710
EST117 76541 44771086
EST118 72900 49154128
EST119 76041 47940914
EST12 77121 30822961
EST120 73672 47797713
EST121 78775 36396661
EST122 78671 27566462
EST123 80844 49872548
EST124 75129 43048618
EST125 65475 36236112
EST126 72813 36816257
EST127 66527 36936649
EST128 67236 36759849
EST129 70815 43459237
EST13 77801 29972711
EST130 73174 43426742
EST131 68688 41584557
EST132 68090 40648797
EST133 76748 44603187
EST134 69512 42349764
EST135 60265 33962105
EST136 98556 53629018
EST137 83150 47739564
EST138 88706 46027476
EST139 108741 57679012
EST14 79914 32040354
EST140 105385 57213139
EST141 98447 56134077
EST142 78860 47452358
EST143 69222 35046759
EST144 64198 29168008
EST145 55682 25437181
EST146 63964 31061064
EST147 61142 31226944
EST148 66420 35308090
EST149 73783 52416383
EST15 73071 30958585
EST150 64952 44185702
EST151 83442 49447671
EST152 58618 29845011
EST153 62776 31936160
EST154 67563 40631456
EST155 65777 38135879
EST156 63313 42371145
EST157 89664 49029637
EST158 76830 39054145
EST159 67496 45482835
EST16 75643 33227181
EST160 67918 38789638
EST161 62650 42218067
EST162 67574 31785664
EST163 75690 28944830
EST164 71795 45799981
EST165 84018 42021268
EST166 63192 32361012
EST167 68741 46680567
EST168 69631 49024362
EST169 69771 37210498
EST17 84145 34425496
EST170 67316 42824161
EST171 71362 57059376
EST172 68249 32650159
EST173 73326 40038875
EST174 69866 59219024
EST175 67088 51117355
EST176 64239 46768098
EST177 63808 47224354
EST178 65587 46226739
EST179 64915 45355545
EST18 80469 32524212
EST180 64224 49192801
EST181 63599 39741735
EST182 63352 33252913
EST183 63702 37174482
EST184 86552 48849491
EST185 84086 55024977
EST186 74200 43644080
EST187 106349 66503715
EST188 108694 65358182
EST189 102756 61893578
EST19 81187 33754482
EST190 69564 37655769
EST191 69476 61012144
EST192 67589 69096888
EST193 76312 54721345
EST194 80499 39447342
EST195 27430 10135676
EST196 27879 10606409
EST197 27314 10127105
EST198 26589 9693915
EST199 26733 9055166
EST2 75366 28937064
EST20 72882 29242286
EST200 27606 10060452
EST201 27261 9842488
EST202 27285 9866155
EST203 27320 10886567
EST204 27205 11856731
EST205 27286 11095046
EST206 27472 9819078
EST207 27625 9162981
EST208 27020 9846191
EST209 27937 11153690
EST21 73033 34027261
EST210 27678 11053684
EST211 26888 11354914
EST212 26798 12150685
EST213 27162 11036188
EST214 27088 10978565
EST215 27094 11942944
EST216 27252 11483193
EST217 27331 10809920
EST218 27318 10915020
EST219 27192 10389134
EST22 77166 30710392
EST220 26821 12751818
EST221 24533 17165143
EST222 26071 17523398
EST223 99722 38850619
EST224 78954 42465468
EST225 69504 45170171
EST226 70253 45181449
EST227 69983 45014794
EST228 69413 40760011
EST229 77072 44845222
EST23 77121 32028893
EST230 63742 42609840
EST231 62845 29468750
EST232 93813 46177397
EST233 95658 46901853
EST234 72030 40345801
EST235 62117 29490614
EST236 70575 41686447
EST237 72371 39456436
EST238 72375 33628666
EST239 70840 41211650
EST24 75848 34411368
EST240 72585 42059325
EST241 63199 37368810
EST242 72247 34836159
EST243 87925 48357109
EST244 77940 53093947
EST245 80452 55718058
EST246 108153 49972580
EST247 89186 44811836
EST248 74811 45058718
EST249 73797 41344990
EST25 72913 30998671
EST250 74975 39038638
EST251 72268 30402965
EST252 71474 39401353
EST253 65733 35774535
EST254 65163 42923295
EST255 73613 42356701
EST256 62336 44713602
EST257 62158 32092372
EST258 72402 39219256
EST259 79945 44062858
EST26 76389 31420360
EST260 99229 56544129
EST261 118790 49019885
EST262 90808 40604628
EST263 65180 35516244
EST264 71021 43469468
EST265 85454 44212526
EST266 70775 41399612
EST267 69420 43775984
EST268 61450 35285089
EST269 61309 38155573
EST27 79056 34943866
EST270 52817 30677336
EST271 91105 40369538
EST272 78452 26268578
EST273 72016 25885018
EST274 73963 27273067
EST275 73404 26563712
EST276 79376 26696027
EST277 73300 28494976
EST278 69546 28465557
EST279 18243 5432479
EST28 105245 50047261
EST29 66191 50965085
EST3 74216 30129457
EST30 74496 61790162
EST31 91433 51655420
EST32 95666 49319300
EST33 99331 47377892
EST34 97150 49379541
EST35 105947 47938727
EST36 75848 25707357
EST37 69422 18504255
EST38 79486 22937112
EST39 43825 12290507
EST4 74634 28188929
EST40 43503 11811811
EST41 43154 12076035
EST42 43184 11282205
EST43 94920 41756226
EST44 94245 43606041
EST45 92147 48072597
EST46 89067 42436535
EST47 107085 56430312
EST48 85121 40323190
EST49 72859 30595072
EST5 48531 15367417
EST50 72551 32280962
EST51 73051 31598928
EST52 73340 30950059
EST53 82984 32257102
EST54 69191 27344359
EST55 65429 29709966
EST56 72993 31432843
EST57 80176 36043939
EST58 74099 31856563
EST59 74334 26564480
EST6 56373 18277335
EST60 85515 37416887
EST61 56726 21292250
EST62 40219 11101182
EST63 40211 12009322
EST64 40501 12619138
EST65 40687 12093638
EST66 40557 12937485
EST67 40629 12703997
EST68 40526 12270777
EST69 40223 12244901
EST7 74713 29418829
EST70 40598 12575588
EST71 41559 12007330
EST72 41183 12889257
EST73 41155 12775842
EST74 41110 13405516
EST75 45223 11990780
EST76 41352 23870454
EST77 41864 22833516
EST78 45122 18566686
EST79 50167 22868262
EST8 76836 30881470
EST80 51582 21525745
EST81 56333 22824306
EST82 75220 31439857
EST83 74088 29225462
EST84 73228 32599503
EST85 78561 47382432
EST86 77081 41186426
EST87 77681 39332844
EST88 76432 40293920
EST89 72090 40042679
EST9 77956 30114966
EST90 73931 31977989
EST91 75542 43403932
EST92 70952 33281833
EST93 77777 49750953
EST94 64583 34637231
EST95 72154 37122921
EST96 74782 44700836
EST97 72646 43452887
EST98 71098 43567520
EST99 74613 38694542
GSS1 83028 35574490
GSS10 66512 34113837
GSS100 61841 58810865
GSS101 100065 57022153
GSS102 80920 37454559
GSS11 68803 40572229
GSS12 63838 32399919
GSS13 65715 34626602
GSS14 69128 36041025
GSS15 65610 29728609
GSS16 64381 29707473
GSS17 71588 41736486
GSS18 65473 33884926
GSS19 60217 27409460
GSS2 83357 35485809
GSS20 52071 27205036
GSS21 52494 26091928
GSS22 53636 23124055
GSS23 57756 33014250
GSS24 58746 30700422
GSS25 52919 24951821
GSS26 60178 39440553
GSS27 64517 27492099
GSS28 54009 22077969
GSS29 55059 27417855
GSS3 81042 38189636
GSS30 66990 31525793
GSS31 55059 31150169
GSS32 84961 38631816
GSS33 69956 36831370
GSS34 68173 38436353
GSS35 64758 42071759
GSS36 72942 35824489
GSS37 69887 36963155
GSS38 67388 37000761
GSS39 84621 53438521
GSS4 74233 38025921
GSS40 85787 56979839
GSS41 80581 41952655
GSS42 85564 53319643
GSS43 76664 33212875
GSS44 77844 32328372
GSS45 74968 44033376
GSS46 73920 52030110
GSS47 69755 49230313
GSS48 66172 43723465
GSS49 66219 43632392
GSS5 71113 38010979
GSS50 71979 40613194
GSS51 71090 35767780
GSS52 79294 55233207
GSS53 82645 60824395
GSS54 72507 50428813
GSS55 86005 52711928
GSS56 80912 51704502
GSS57 74165 47364182
GSS58 66645 34653999
GSS59 78607 52745933
GSS6 70760 35519722
GSS60 77391 38435360
GSS61 77331 49682512
GSS62 68424 67484360
GSS63 65562 71979942
GSS64 80879 61878130
GSS65 82018 55250360
GSS66 58092 40306549
GSS67 58999 40642439
GSS68 77530 57423461
GSS69 81490 60354233
GSS7 70854 35527088
GSS70 74347 43714255
GSS71 80196 49559834
GSS72 80860 56718954
GSS73 90509 51227471
GSS74 91825 49623175
GSS75 91773 49689142
GSS76 92444 48842476
GSS77 93609 47371280
GSS78 93160 47937727
GSS79 93079 48041201
GSS8 71428 36503785
GSS80 93953 46935289
GSS81 92059 49327432
GSS82 85826 56740674
GSS83 81672 64337476
GSS84 81560 64135755
GSS85 80120 63492644
GSS86 80084 63538722
GSS87 80227 55733184
GSS88 78123 28803966
GSS89 74059 23141498
GSS9 68930 34313855
GSS90 77388 26922434
GSS91 23531 13148642
GSS92 87880 66457089
GSS93 84727 63659853
GSS94 95381 40023382
GSS95 102880 60441149
GSS96 89634 49401308
GSS97 82224 65139169
GSS98 69685 58516563
GSS99 68711 60641554
HTC1 31801 54897473
HTC2 30889 66883801
HTC3 85721 76847961
HTG1 1329 190660442
HTG10 1235 189466584
HTG11 1425 187363721
HTG12 968 192249954
HTG13 756 192612597
HTG14 738 192541180
HTG15 763 192401251
HTG16 809 192361843
HTG17 776 192452593
HTG18 1513 185204292
HTG19 1535 184669304
HTG2 2531 188221931
HTG20 901 191425370
HTG21 1240 188470925
HTG22 815 191910582
HTG23 834 192016285
HTG24 964 191093640
HTG25 910 191660498
HTG26 871 191713487
HTG27 773 192475999
HTG28 912 191794670
HTG29 838 192187003
HTG3 2509 188169504
HTG30 891 191627015
HTG31 1012 190868450
HTG32 956 191044610
HTG33 957 191280827
HTG34 996 190770856
HTG35 903 191560656
HTG36 897 192244692
HTG37 1020 190899430
HTG38 888 191941418
HTG39 890 191877603
HTG4 2539 189837718
HTG40 875 191776558
HTG41 830 192254947
HTG42 968 190842073
HTG43 954 191786236
HTG44 903 192475030
HTG45 991 191312431
HTG46 1020 191403827
HTG47 1180 189680349
HTG48 1090 190791193
HTG49 1318 190314649
HTG5 1290 188275977
HTG50 1105 191259180
HTG51 1147 190525226
HTG52 1107 190580247
HTG53 1145 191561966
HTG54 1317 191741654
HTG55 1221 191624847
HTG56 1155 192592589
HTG57 1117 190970364
HTG58 1285 194252194
HTG59 1036 194217554
HTG6 1290 187953177
HTG60 1004 194176917
HTG61 1140 193212872
HTG62 255 51561401
HTG7 1254 188198803
HTG8 1293 187650749
HTG9 1206 189533694
INV1 10889 172103506
INV2 1286 166677598
INV3 59208 91132314
INV4 71721 77420942
INV5 30655 114011262
INV6 13165 42319498
MAM 52858 69555197
PAT1 223033 70276651
PAT10 30068 7263856
PAT2 200727 87214777
PAT3 148827 84241055
PAT4 110694 116533566
PAT5 139036 96531037
PAT6 137472 94940329
PAT7 124566 50089950
PAT8 96377 62994577
PAT9 134594 54520117
PHG 2396 10574224
PLN1 23764 135362169
PLN2 32729 137505783
PLN3 78178 77101144
PLN4 36914 56079507
PLN5 8040 155230519
PLN6 39185 102685961
PLN7 64445 67281205
PLN8 48721 108917532
PLN9 36951 101909604
PRI1 15776 153433964
PRI10 1399 175632954
PRI11 1278 175510053
PRI12 1507 175071532
PRI13 1584 179057169
PRI14 10234 169667937
PRI15 43719 117726791
PRI16 23615 138027547
PRI17 1583 179572712
PRI18 1697 181338167
PRI19 2085 185026393
PRI2 1420 173198087
PRI20 1765 187070465
PRI21 23744 146531248
PRI22 25860 106528361
PRI23 13799 166993878
PRI24 44591 124483047
PRI25 28534 137059558
PRI26 50142 79529642
PRI3 1255 181788440
PRI4 1291 178124339
PRI5 1143 173840648
PRI6 1208 179109034
PRI7 1209 177089069
PRI8 1330 169136454
PRI9 1229 177840530
ROD1 7273 173276688
ROD10 14295 19271142
ROD2 949 182750560
ROD3 1066 194772477
ROD4 2154 191580132
ROD5 24143 153607807
ROD6 1204 193398194
ROD7 1226 193526699
ROD8 23511 133495237
ROD9 39779 110977704
STS1 88823 48189134
STS2 88958 36508545
STS3 79622 35639580
SYN 10988 18013443
UNA 1093 394596
VRL1 73548 64340236
VRL2 73850 65882463
VRL3 56340 51878617
VRT1 62440 90835179
VRT2 28376 146960174
VRT3 26125 143635173
VRT4 4403 6082201
2.2.7 Selected Per-Organism Statistics
The following table provides the number of entries and bases of DNA/RNA for
the twenty most sequenced organisms in Release 138.0 (chloroplast and mitochon-
drial sequences not included, and Whole Genome Shotgun sequences not included) :
Entries Bases Species
7075054 10239192958 Homo sapiens
5344321 6189695407 Mus musculus
830778 5547230845 Rattus norvegicus
538419 1132230268 Danio rerio
1641207 1037066814 Zea mays
262961 706000609 Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)
352065 691638232 Drosophila melanogaster
886487 506457520 Canis familiaris
596781 498676554 Gallus gallus
567663 418408434 Arabidopsis thaliana
595960 403828841 Brassica oleracea
631103 385515243 Bos taurus
167559 339928663 Pan troglodytes
22384 334036966 Macaca mulatta
499250 294214386 Ciona intestinalis
504869 257384462 Triticum aestivum
222572 232991007 Caenorhabditis elegans
350937 222083076 Xenopus laevis
192732 184554301 Medicago truncatula
189227 170881307 Tetraodon nigroviridis
2.2.8 Growth of GenBank
The following table lists the number of bases and the number of sequence
records in each release of GenBank, beginning with Release 3 in 1982.
From 1982 to the present, the number of bases in GenBank has doubled
approximately every 14 months.
Release Date Base Pairs Entries
3 Dec 1982 680338 606
14 Nov 1983 2274029 2427
20 May 1984 3002088 3665
24 Sep 1984 3323270 4135
25 Oct 1984 3368765 4175
26 Nov 1984 3689752 4393
32 May 1985 4211931 4954
36 Sep 1985 5204420 5700
40 Feb 1986 5925429 6642
42 May 1986 6765476 7416
44 Aug 1986 8442357 8823
46 Nov 1986 9615371 9978
48 Feb 1987 10961380 10913
50 May 1987 13048473 12534
52 Aug 1987 14855145 14020
53 Sep 1987 15514776 14584
54 Dec 1987 16752872 15465
55 Mar 1988 19156002 17047
56 Jun 1988 20795279 18226
57 Sep 1988 22019698 19044
57.1 Oct 1988 23800000 20579
58 Dec 1988 24690876 21248
59 Mar 1989 26382491 22479
60 Jun 1989 31808784 26317
61 Sep 1989 34762585 28791
62 Dec 1989 37183950 31229
63 Mar 1990 40127752 33377
64 Jun 1990 42495893 35100
65 Sep 1990 49179285 39533
66 Dec 1990 51306092 41057
67 Mar 1991 55169276 43903
68 Jun 1991 65868799 51418
69 Sep 1991 71947426 55627
70 Dec 1991 77337678 58952
71 Mar 1992 83894652 65100
72 Jun 1992 92160761 71280
73 Sep 1992 101008486 78608
74 Dec 1992 120242234 97084
75 Feb 1993 126212259 106684
76 Apr 1993 129968355 111911
77 Jun 1993 138904393 120134
78 Aug 1993 147215633 131328
79 Oct 1993 157152442 143492
80 Dec 1993 163802597 150744
81 Feb 1994 173261500 162946
82 Apr 1994 180589455 169896
83 Jun 1994 191393939 182753
84 Aug 1994 201815802 196703
85 Oct 1994 217102462 215273
86 Dec 1994 230485928 237775
87 Feb 1995 248499214 269478
88 Apr 1995 286094556 352414
89 Jun 1995 318624568 425211
90 Aug 1995 353713490 492483
91 Oct 1995 384939485 555694
92 Dec 1995 425860958 620765
93 Feb 1996 463758833 685693
94 Apr 1996 499127741 744295
95 Jun 1996 551750920 835487
96 Aug 1996 602072354 920588
97 Oct 1996 651972984 1021211
98 Dec 1996 730552938 1114581
99 Feb 1997 786898138 1192505
100 Apr 1997 842864309 1274747
101 Jun 1997 966993087 1491069
102 Aug 1997 1053474516 1610848
103 Oct 1997 1160300687 1765847
104 Dec 1997 1258290513 1891953
105 Feb 1998 1372368913 2042325
106 Apr 1998 1502542306 2209232
107 Jun 1998 1622041465 2355928
108 Aug 1998 1797137713 2532359
109 Oct 1998 2008761784 2837897
110 Dec 1998 2162067871 3043729
111 Apr 1999 2569578208 3525418
112 Jun 1999 2974791993 4028171
113 Aug 1999 3400237391 4610118
114 Oct 1999 3841163011 4864570
115 Dec 1999 4653932745 5354511
116 Feb 2000 5805414935 5691170
117 Apr 2000 7376080723 6215002
118 Jun 2000 8604221980 7077491
119 Aug 2000 9545724824 8214339
120 Oct 2000 10335692655 9102634
121 Dec 2000 11101066288 10106023
122 Feb 2001 11720120326 10896781
123 Apr 2001 12418544023 11545572
124 Jun 2001 12973707065 12243766
125 Aug 2001 13543364296 12813516
126 Oct 2001 14396883064 13602262
127 Dec 2001 15849921438 14976310
128 Feb 2002 17089143893 15465325
129 Apr 2002 19072679701 16769983
130 Jun 2002 20648748345 17471130
131 Aug 2002 22616937182 18197119
132 Oct 2002 26525934656 19808101
133 Dec 2002 28507990166 22318883
134 Feb 2003 29358082791 23035823
135 Apr 2003 31099264455 24027936
136 Jun 2003 32528249295 25592865
137 Aug 2003 33865022251 27213748
138 Oct 2003 35599621471 29819397
3. FILE FORMATS
The flat file examples included in this section, while not always from the
current release, are usually fairly recent. Any differences compared to the
actual records are the result of updates to the entries involved.
3.1 File Header Information
With the exception of the index files, gbcon.seq, and the lists of new,
changed, and deleted accession numbers, each of the 562 files of a GenBank
release begins with the same header, except for the first line, which
contains the file name, and the sixth line, which contains the title of
the file. The first line of the file contains the file name in character
positions 1 to 9 and the full database name (Genetic Sequence Data Bank,
aka 'GenBank') starting in column 22. The brief names of the files in this
release are listed in section 2.2.
The second line contains the date of the current release in the form
`day month year', beginning in position 27. The fourth line contains
the current GenBank release number. The release number appears in
positions 48 to 52 and consists of three numbers separated by a decimal
point. The number to the left of the decimal is the major release
number. The digit to the right of the decimal indicates the version of
the major release; it is zero for the first version. The sixth line
contains a title for the file. The eighth line lists the number of
entries (loci), number of bases (or base pairs), and number of reports
of sequences (equal to number of entries in this case). These numbers are
right-justified at fixed positions. The number of entries appears in
positions 1 to 8, the number of bases in positions 16 to 26, and the
number of reports in positions 40 to 47. The third, fifth, seventh, and
ninth lines are blank.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
GBBCT1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
15 April 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 138.0
Bacterial Sequences (Part 1)
37811 loci, 97585608 bases, from 37811 reported sequences
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 1. Sample File Header
3.2 Directory Files
3.2.1 Short Directory File
The short directory file contains brief descriptions of all of the
sequence entries contained in this release. These descriptions are in
fifteen groups, one group for each of the fifteen sequence entry
data files. The first record at the beginning of a group of entries
contains the name of the group in uppercase characters, beginning in
position 21. The organism groups are PRIMATE, RODENT, OTHER MAMMAL,
OTHER VERTEBRATE, INVERTEBRATE, PLANT, BACTERIAL, STRUCTURAL RNA, VIRAL,
PHAGE, SYNTHETIC, UNANNOTATED, EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG, PATENT, or
SEQUENCE TAGGED SITE. The second record is blank.
Each record in the short directory contains the sequence entry name
(LOCUS) in the first 12 positions, followed by a brief definition of
the sequence beginning in column 13. The definition is truncated (at
the end of a word) to leave room at the right margin for at least one
space, the sequence length, and the letters `bp'. The length of the
sequence is printed right-justified to column 77, followed by the
letters `bp' in columns 78 and 79. The next-to-last record for a group
has `ZZZZZZZZZZ' in its first ten positions (where the entry name
would normally appear). The last record is a blank line. An example of
the short directory file format, showing the descriptions of the last
entries in the Other Vertebrate sequence data file and the first
entries of the Invertebrate sequence data file, is reproduced below:
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
ZEFWNT1G3 B.rerio wnt-1 gene (exon 3) for wnt-1 protein. 266bp
ZEFWNT1G4 B.rerio wnt-1 gene (exon 4) for wnt-1 protein. 647bp
ZEFZF54 Zebrafish homeotic gene ZF-54. 246bp
ZEFZFEN Zebrafish engrailed-like homeobox sequence. 327bp
ZZZZZZZZZZ
INVERTEBRATE
AAHAV33A Acanthocheilonema viteae pepsin-inhibitor-like-protein 1048bp
ACAAC01 Acanthamoeba castelani gene encoding actin I. 1571bp
ACAACTPH Acanthamoeba castellanii actophorin mRNA, complete cds. 671bp
ACAMHCA A.castellanii non-muscle myosin heavy chain gene, partial 5894bp
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 2. Short Directory File
3.3 Index Files
There are six files containing indices to the entries in this release:
Accession number index file (Accession and Version)
Secondary accession number index file
Keyword phrase index file
Author name index file
Journal citation index file
Gene name index file
The index keys (accession numbers, keywords, authors, journals, and
gene symbols.) of an index are sorted alphabetically. All index keys
appear in uppercase characters even though they appear in mixed case
in the sequence entries. Following each index key, the identifiers of the
sequence entries containing that key are listed (LOCUS name,
division abbreviation, and primary accession number). The division
abbreviations are:
1. PRI - primate sequences
2. ROD - rodent sequences
3. MAM - other mammalian sequences
4. VRT - other vertebrate sequences
5. INV - invertebrate sequences
6. PLN - plant, fungal, and algal sequences
7. BCT - bacterial sequences
8. VRL - viral sequences
9. PHG - bacteriophage sequences
10. SYN - synthetic sequences
11. UNA - unannotated sequences
12. EST - EST sequences (expressed sequence tags)
13. PAT - patent sequences
14. STS - STS sequences (sequence tagged sites)
15. GSS - GSS sequences (genome survey sequences)
16. HTG - HTGS sequences (high throughput genomic sequences)
17. HTC - HTC sequences (high throughput cDNA sequences)
A line-oriented, TAB-delimited format is utilized for the gbaut.idx,
gbgen.idx, gbjou.idx, gbkey.idx, and gbsec.idx indexes. Each index
key is presented on its own line, and is followed by a
LOCUS/Division/Accession triplet for every record containing the key:
Indexed-Term
LOCUS-name1 Div-code1 Accession1
LOCUS-name2 Div-code2 Accession2
LOCUS-name3 Div-code3 Accession3
....
Here is an example of the format, in which TAB characters are displayed
as ^I, and carriage-returns/newlines as $ :
(H+,K+)-ATPASE BETA-SUBUNIT$
^IRATHKATPB^IROD^IM55655$
^IMUSATP4B1^IROD^IM64685$
^IMUSATP4B2^IROD^IM64686$
^IMUSATP4B3^IROD^IM64687$
^IMUSATP4B4^IROD^IM64688$
^IDOGATPASEB^IMAM^IM76486$
When viewed by a file browser such as 'less' or 'more' :
(H+,K+)-ATPASE BETA-SUBUNIT
RATHKATPB ROD M55655
MUSATP4B1 ROD M64685
MUSATP4B2 ROD M64686
MUSATP4B3 ROD M64687
MUSATP4B4 ROD M64688
DOGATPASEB MAM M76486
Note that the index keys can be distinguished from LOCUS/DIV/ACCESSION
by the fact that they do not start with a TAB character. So one can
extract just the terms via simple text-processing:
perl -ne 'print unless /^\s+/' < gbkey.idx > terms.gbkey
The format of the primary accession number index file is slightly
different, with each indexed key (Accession.Version) present on
the same line as the LOCUS/Division/Accession triplet:
Accession1.Version1 Locus-name1 Div-code1 Accession1
Accession2.Version2 Locus-name2 Div-code2 Accession2
....
Here is an example of the format, in which TAB characters are displayed
as ^I, and carriage-returns/newlines as $ :
AC000102.1^IAC000102^IPRI^IAC000102$
AC000103.1^IAC000103^IPLN^IAC000103$
AC000104.1^IF19P19^IPLN^IAC000104$
AC000105.40^IAC000105^IPRI^IAC000105$
AC000106.1^IF7G19^IPLN^IAC000106$
AC000107.1^IAC000107^IPLN^IAC000107$
AC000108.1^IAC000108^IBCT^IAC000108$
AC000109.1^IHSAC000109^IPRI^IAC000109$
AC000110.1^IHSAC000110^IPRI^IAC000110$
When viewed by a file browser such as 'less' or 'more' :
AC000102.1 AC000102 PRI AC000102
AC000103.1 AC000103 PLN AC000103
AC000104.1 F19P19 PLN AC000104
AC000105.40 AC000105 PRI AC000105
AC000106.1 F7G19 PLN AC000106
AC000107.1 AC000107 PLN AC000107
AC000108.1 AC000108 BCT AC000108
AC000109.1 HSAC000109 PRI AC000109
AC000110.1 HSAC000110 PRI AC000110
3.3.1 Accession Number Index File - gbacc.idx
Accession numbers are unique six character or eight-character alphanumeric
identifiers of GenBank database entries. The six-character accession
number format consists of a single uppercase letter, followed by 5 digits.
The eight-character accession number format consists of two uppercase
letters, followed by 6 digits. Accessions provide an unchanging identifier
for the data with which they are associated, and we encourage you to cite
accession numbers whenever you refer to data from GenBank.
GenBank entries can have both 'primary' and 'secondary' accessions
associated with them (see Section 3.5.6). Only primary accessions are present
in the gbacc.idx index.
3.3.2 Keyword Phrase Index File - gbkey.idx
Keyword phrases consist of names for gene products and other
characteristics of sequence entries.
3.3.3 Author Name Index File - gbaut*.idx
The author name index files list all of the author names that appear
in the references within sequence records.
3.3.4 Journal Citation Index File - gbjou.idx
The journal citation index file lists all of the citations that appear
in the references within sequence records.. All citations are truncated
to 80 characters.
3.3.5 Gene Name Index - gbgen.idx
The /gene qualifiers of many GenBank entries contain values other than
official gene symbols, such as the product or the standard name of the gene.
Hence, NCBI has chosen to build an index (gbgen.idx) more like a keyword index
for this field, using both the GenBank /gene qualifier and the 'Gene.locus'
fields from the NCBI internal database as keys.
3.4 Sequence Entry Files
GenBank releases contain one or more sequence entry data files, one
for each "division" of GenBank.
3.4.1 File Organization
Each of these files has the same format and consists of two parts:
header information (described in section 3.1) and sequence entries for
that division (described in the following sections).
3.4.2 Entry Organization
In the second portion of a sequence entry file (containing the
sequence entries for that division), each record (line) consists of
two parts. The first part is found in positions 1 to 10 and may
contain:
1. A keyword, beginning in column 1 of the record (e.g., REFERENCE is
a keyword).
2. A subkeyword beginning in column 3, with columns 1 and 2 blank
(e.g., AUTHORS is a subkeyword of REFERENCE). Or a subkeyword beginning
in column 4, with columns 1, 2, and 3 blank (e.g., PUBMED is a
subkeyword of REFERENCE).
3. Blank characters, indicating that this record is a continuation of
the information under the keyword or subkeyword above it.
4. A code, beginning in column 6, indicating the nature of an entry
(feature key) in the FEATURES table; these codes are described in
Section 3.4.12.1 below.
5. A number, ending in column 9 of the record. This number occurs in
the portion of the entry describing the actual nucleotide sequence and
designates the numbering of sequence positions.
6. Two slashes (//) in positions 1 and 2, marking the end of an entry.
The second part of each sequence entry record contains the information
appropriate to its keyword, in positions 13 to 80 for keywords and
positions 11 to 80 for the sequence.
The following is a brief description of each entry field. Detailed
information about each field may be found in Sections 3.4.4 to 3.4.14.
LOCUS - A short mnemonic name for the entry, chosen to suggest the
sequence's definition. Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
DEFINITION - A concise description of the sequence. Mandatory
keyword/one or more records.
ACCESSION - The primary accession number is a unique, unchanging
code assigned to each entry. (Please use this code when citing
information from GenBank.) Mandatory keyword/one or more records.
VERSION - A compound identifier consisting of the primary
accession number and a numeric version number associated with the
current version of the sequence data in the record. This is followed
by an integer key (a "GI") assigned to the sequence by NCBI.
Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
NID - An alternative method of presenting the NCBI GI
identifier (described above). The NID is obsolete and was removed
from the GenBank flatfile format in December 1999.
KEYWORDS - Short phrases describing gene products and other
information about an entry. Mandatory keyword in all annotated
entries/one or more records.
SEGMENT - Information on the order in which this entry appears in a
series of discontinuous sequences from the same molecule. Optional
keyword (only in segmented entries)/exactly one record.
SOURCE - Common name of the organism or the name most frequently used
in the literature. Mandatory keyword in all annotated entries/one or
more records/includes one subkeyword.
ORGANISM - Formal scientific name of the organism (first line)
and taxonomic classification levels (second and subsequent lines).
Mandatory subkeyword in all annotated entries/two or more records.
REFERENCE - Citations for all articles containing data reported
in this entry. Includes seven subkeywords and may repeat. Mandatory
keyword/one or more records.
AUTHORS - Lists the authors of the citation. Optional
subkeyword/one or more records.
CONSRTM - Lists the collective names of consortiums associated
with the citation (eg, International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium),
rather than individual author names. Optional subkeyword/one or more records.
TITLE - Full title of citation. Optional subkeyword (present
in all but unpublished citations)/one or more records.
JOURNAL - Lists the journal name, volume, year, and page
numbers of the citation. Mandatory subkeyword/one or more records.
MEDLINE - Provides the Medline unique identifier for a
citation. Optional subkeyword/one record.
PUBMED - Provides the PubMed unique identifier for a
citation. Optional subkeyword/one record.
REMARK - Specifies the relevance of a citation to an
entry. Optional subkeyword/one or more records.
COMMENT - Cross-references to other sequence entries, comparisons to
other collections, notes of changes in LOCUS names, and other remarks.
Optional keyword/one or more records/may include blank records.
FEATURES - Table containing information on portions of the
sequence that code for proteins and RNA molecules and information on
experimentally determined sites of biological significance. Optional
keyword/one or more records.
BASE COUNT - Summary of the number of occurrences of each base
code in the sequence. Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
ORIGIN - Specification of how the first base of the reported sequence
is operationally located within the genome. Where possible, this
includes its location within a larger genetic map. Mandatory
keyword/exactly one record.
- The ORIGIN line is followed by sequence data (multiple records).
// - Entry termination symbol. Mandatory at the end of an
entry/exactly one record.
3.4.3 Sample Sequence Data File
An example of a complete sequence entry file follows. (This example
has only two entries.) Note that in this example, as throughout the
data bank, numbers in square brackets indicate items in the REFERENCE
list. For example, in ACARR58S, [1] refers to the paper by Mackay, et
al.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
GBSMP.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
15 December 1992
GenBank Flat File Release 74.0
Structural RNA Sequences
2 loci, 236 bases, from 2 reported sequences
LOCUS AAURRA 118 bp ss-rRNA RNA 16-JUN-1986
DEFINITION A.auricula-judae (mushroom) 5S ribosomal RNA.
ACCESSION K03160
VERSION K03160.1 GI:173593
KEYWORDS 5S ribosomal RNA; ribosomal RNA.
SOURCE A.auricula-judae (mushroom) ribosomal RNA.
ORGANISM Auricularia auricula-judae
Eukaryota; Fungi; Eumycota; Basidiomycotina; Phragmobasidiomycetes;
Heterobasidiomycetidae; Auriculariales; Auriculariaceae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 118)
AUTHORS Huysmans,E., Dams,E., Vandenberghe,A. and De Wachter,R.
TITLE The nucleotide sequences of the 5S rRNAs of four mushrooms and
their use in studying the phylogenetic position of basidiomycetes
among the eukaryotes
JOURNAL Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 2871-2880 (1983)
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
rRNA 1..118
/note="5S ribosomal RNA"
BASE COUNT 27 a 34 c 34 g 23 t
ORIGIN 5' end of mature rRNA.
1 atccacggcc ataggactct gaaagcactg catcccgtcc gatctgcaaa gttaaccaga
61 gtaccgccca gttagtacca cggtggggga ccacgcggga atcctgggtg ctgtggtt
//
LOCUS ABCRRAA 118 bp ss-rRNA RNA 15-SEP-1990
DEFINITION Acetobacter sp. (strain MB 58) 5S ribosomal RNA, complete sequence.
ACCESSION M34766
VERSION M34766.1 GI:173603
KEYWORDS 5S ribosomal RNA.
SOURCE Acetobacter sp. (strain MB 58) rRNA.
ORGANISM Acetobacter sp.
Prokaryotae; Gracilicutes; Scotobacteria; Aerobic rods and cocci;
Azotobacteraceae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 118)
AUTHORS Bulygina,E.S., Galchenko,V.F., Govorukhina,N.I., Netrusov,A.I.,
Nikitin,D.I., Trotsenko,Y.A. and Chumakov,K.M.
TITLE Taxonomic studies of methylotrophic bacteria by 5S ribosomal RNA
sequencing
JOURNAL J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 441-446 (1990)
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
rRNA 1..118
/note="5S ribosomal RNA"
BASE COUNT 27 a 40 c 32 g 17 t 2 others
ORIGIN
1 gatctggtgg ccatggcggg agcaaatcag ccgatcccat cccgaactcg gccgtcaaat
61 gccccagcgc ccatgatact ctgcctcaag gcacggaaaa gtcggtcgcc gccagayy
//
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 9. Sample Sequence Data File
3.4.4 LOCUS Format
The items of information contained in the LOCUS record are always
found in fixed positions. The locus name (or entry name), which is
always sixteen characters or less, begins in position 13. The locus name
is designed to help group entries with similar sequences: the first
three characters usually designate the organism; the fourth and fifth
characters can be used to show other group designations, such as gene
product; for segmented entries the last character is one of a series
of sequential integers.
The number of bases or base pairs in the sequence ends in position 40.
The letters `bp' are in positions 42 to 43. Positions 45 to 47 provide
the number of strands of the sequence. Positions 48 to 53 indicate the
type of molecule sequenced. Topology of the molecule is indicated in
positions 56 to 63.
GenBank sequence entries are divided among many different
'divisions'. Each entry's division is specified by a three-letter code
in positions 65 to 67. See Section 3.3 for an explanation of division
codes.
Positions 69 to 79 of the record contain the date the entry was
entered or underwent any substantial revisions, such as the addition
of newly published data, in the form dd-MMM-yyyy.
The detailed format for the LOCUS line format is as follows:
Positions Contents
--------- --------
01-05 'LOCUS'
06-12 spaces
13-28 Locus name
29-29 space
30-40 Length of sequence, right-justified
41-41 space
42-43 bp
44-44 space
45-47 spaces, ss- (single-stranded), ds- (double-stranded), or
ms- (mixed-stranded)
48-53 NA, DNA, RNA, tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA),
mRNA (messenger RNA), uRNA (small nuclear RNA), snRNA,
snoRNA. Left justified.
54-55 space
56-63 'linear' followed by two spaces, or 'circular'
64-64 space
65-67 The division code (see Section 3.3)
68-68 space
69-79 Date, in the form dd-MMM-yyyy (e.g., 15-MAR-1991)
Although each of these data values can be found at column-specific
positions, we encourage those who parse the contents of the LOCUS
line to use a token-based approach. This will prevent the need for
software changes if the spacing of the data values ever has to be
modified.
3.4.5 DEFINITION Format
The DEFINITION record gives a brief description of the sequence,
proceeding from general to specific. It starts with the common name of
the source organism, then gives the criteria by which this sequence is
distinguished from the remainder of the source genome, such as the
gene name and what it codes for, or the protein name and mRNA, or some
description of the sequence's function (if the sequence is
non-coding). If the sequence has a coding region, the description may
be followed by a completeness qualifier, such as cds (complete coding
sequence). There is no limit on the number of lines that may be part
of the DEFINITION. The last line must end with a period.
3.4.5.1 DEFINITION Format for NLM Entries
The DEFINITION line for entries derived from journal-scanning at the NLM is
an automatically generated descriptive summary that accompanies each DNA and
protein sequence. It contains information derived from fields in a database
that summarize the most important attributes of the sequence. The DEFINITION
lines are designed to supplement the accession number and the sequence itself
as a means of uniquely and completely specifying DNA and protein sequences. The
following are examples of NLM DEFINITION lines:
NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase [swine, mRNA, 1 gene, 1585 nt]
94 kda fiber cell beaded-filament structural protein [rats, lens, mRNA
Partial, 1 gene, 1873 nt]
inhibin alpha {promoter and exons} [mice, Genomic, 1 gene, 1102 nt, segment
1 of 2]
cefEF, cefG=acetyl coenzyme A:deacetylcephalosporin C o-acetyltransferase
[Acremonium chrysogenum, Genomic, 2 genes, 2639 nt]
myogenic factor 3, qmf3=helix-loop-helix protein [Japanese quails,
embryo, Peptide Partial, 246 aa]
The first part of the definition line contains information describing
the genes and proteins represented by the molecular sequences. This can
be gene locus names, protein names and descriptions that replace or augment
actual names. Gene and gene product are linked by "=". Any special
identifying terms are presented within brackets, such as: {promoter},
{N-terminal}, {EC 2.13.2.4}, {alternatively spliced}, or {3' region}.
The second part of the definition line is delimited by square brackets, '[]',
and provides details about the molecule type and length. The biological
source, i.e., genus and species or common name as cited by the author.
Developmental stage, tissue type and strain are included if available.
The molecule types include: Genomic, mRNA, Peptide. and Other Genomic
Material. Genomic molecules are assumed to be partial sequence unless
"Complete" is specified, whereas mRNA and peptide molecules are assumed
to be complete unless "Partial" is noted.
3.4.6 ACCESSION Format
This field contains a series of six-character and/or eight-character
identifiers called 'accession numbers'. The six-character accession
number format consists of a single uppercase letter, followed by 5 digits.
The eight-character accession number format consists of two uppercase
letters, followed by 6 digits. The 'primary', or first, of the accession
numbers occupies positions 13 to 18 (6-character format) or positions
13 to 20 (8-character format). Subsequent 'secondary' accession numbers
(if present) are separated from the primary, and from each other, by a
single space. In some cases, multiple lines of secondary accession
numbers might be present, starting at position 13.
The primary accession number of a GenBank entry provides a stable identifier
for the biological object that the entry represents. Accessions do not change
when the underlying sequence data or associated features change.
Secondary accession numbers arise for a number of reasons. For example, a
single accession number may initially be assigned to a sequence described in
a publication. If it is later discovered that the sequence must be entered
into the database as multiple entries, each entry would receive a new primary
accession number, and the original accession number would appear as a secondary
accession number on each of the new entries.
3.4.7 VERSION Format
This line contains two types of identifiers for a GenBank database entry:
a compound accession number and an NCBI GI identifier.
LOCUS AF181452 1294 bp DNA PLN 12-OCT-1999
DEFINITION Hordeum vulgare dehydrin (Dhn2) gene, complete cds.
ACCESSION AF181452
VERSION AF181452.1 GI:6017929
^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^
Compound NCBI GI
Accession Identifier
Number
A compound accession number consists of two parts: a stable, unchanging
primary-accession number portion (see Section 3.4.6 for a description of
accession numbers), and a sequentially increasing numeric version number.
The accession and version numbers are separated by a period. The initial
version number assigned to a new sequence is one. Compound accessions are
often referred to as "Accession.Version" .
An accession number allows one to retrieve the same biological object in the
database, regardless of any changes that are made to the entry over time. But
those changes can include changes to the sequence data itself, which is of
fundamental importance to many database users. So a numeric version number is
associated with the sequence data in every database entry. If an entry (for
example, AF181452) undergoes two sequence changes, its compound accession
number on the VERSION line would start as AF181452.1 . After the first sequence
change this would become: AF181452.2 . And after the second change: AF181452.3 .
The NCBI GI identifier of the VERSION line also serves as a method for
identifying the sequence data that has existed for a database entry over
time. GI identifiers are numeric values of one or more digits. Since they
are integer keys, they are less human-friendly than the Accession.Version
system described above. Returning to our example for AF181452, it was
initially assigned GI 6017929. If the sequence changes, a new integer GI will
be assigned, perhaps 7345003 . And after the second sequence change, perhaps
the GI would become 10456892 .
Why are both these methods for identifying the version of the sequence
associated with a database entry in use? For two reasons:
- Some data sources processed by NCBI for incorporation into its Entrez
sequence retrieval system do not version their own sequences.
- GIs provide a uniform, integer identifier system for every sequence
NCBI has processed. Some products and systems derived from (or reliant
upon) NCBI products and services prefer to use these integer identifiers
because they can all be processed in the same manner.
GenBank Releases contain only the most recent versions of all sequences
in the database. However, older versions can be obtained via GI-based or
Accession.Version-based queries with NCBI's web-Entrez and network-Entrez
applications. A sequence revision history web page is also available:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/girevhist
NOTE: All the version numbers for the compound Accession.Version identifier
system were initialized to a value of one in February 1999, when that
system was introduced.
3.4.8 KEYWORDS Format
The KEYWORDS field does not appear in unannotated entries, but is
required in all annotated entries. Keywords are separated by
semicolons; a "keyword" may be a single word or a phrase consisting of
several words. Each line in the keywords field ends in a semicolon;
the last line ends with a period. If no keywords are included in the
entry, the KEYWORDS record contains only a period.
3.4.9 SEGMENT Format
The SEGMENT keyword is used when two (or more) entries of known
relative orientation are separated by a short (<10 kb) stretch of DNA.
It is limited to one line of the form `n of m', where `n' is the
segment number of the current entry and `m' is the total number of
segments.
3.4.10 SOURCE Format
The SOURCE field consists of two parts. The first part is found after
the SOURCE keyword and contains free-format information including an
abbreviated form of the organism name followed by a molecule type;
multiple lines are allowed, but the last line must end with a period.
The second part consists of information found after the ORGANISM
subkeyword. The formal scientific name for the source organism (genus
and species, where appropriate) is found on the same line as ORGANISM.
The records following the ORGANISM line list the taxonomic
classification levels, separated by semicolons and ending with a
period.
3.4.11 REFERENCE Format
The REFERENCE field consists of five parts: the keyword REFERENCE, and
the subkeywords AUTHORS, TITLE (optional), JOURNAL, MEDLINE (optional),
PUBMED (optional), and REMARK (optional).
The REFERENCE line contains the number of the particular reference and
(in parentheses) the range of bases in the sequence entry reported in
this citation. Additional prose notes may also be found within the
parentheses. The numbering of the references does not reflect
publication dates or priorities.
The AUTHORS line lists the authors in the order in which they appear
in the cited article. Last names are separated from initials by a
comma (no space); there is no comma before the final `and'. The list
of authors ends with a period. The TITLE line is an optional field,
although it appears in the majority of entries. It does not appear in
unpublished sequence data entries that have been deposited directly
into the GenBank data bank, the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library,
or the DNA Data Bank of Japan. The TITLE field does not end with a
period.
The JOURNAL line gives the appropriate literature citation for the
sequence in the entry. The word `Unpublished' will appear after the
JOURNAL subkeyword if the data did not appear in the scientific
literature, but was directly deposited into the data bank. For
published sequences the JOURNAL line gives the Thesis, Journal, or
Book citation, including the year of publication, the specific
citation, or In press.
For Book citations, the JOURNAL line is specially-formatted, and
includes:
editor name(s)
book title
page number(s)
publisher-name/publisher-location
year
For example:
LOCUS AY277550 1440 bp DNA linear BCT 17-JUN-2003
DEFINITION Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain CSC13-6 16S ribosomal RNA gene,
partial sequence.
ACCESSION AY277550
....
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1440)
AUTHORS Gonzalez,J.M., Laiz,L. and Saiz-Jimenez,C.
TITLE Classifying bacterial isolates from hypogean environments:
Application of a novel fluorimetric method dor the estimation of
G+C mol% content in microorganisms by thermal denaturation
temperature
JOURNAL (in) Saiz-Jimenez,C. (Ed.);
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: 47-54;
A.A. Balkema, The Netherlands (2003)
The presence of "(in)" signals the fact that the reference is for a book
rather than a journal article. A semi-colon signals the end of the editor
names. The next semi-colon signals the end of the page numbers, and the
colon that immediately *precedes* the page numbers signals the end of the
book title. The publisher name and location are a free-form text string.
Finally, the year appears at the very end of the JOURNAL line, enclosed in
parentheses.
The MEDLINE line provides the National Library of Medicine's Medline
unique identifier for a citation (if known). Medline UIs are 8 digit
numbers.
The PUBMED line provides the PubMed unique identifier for a citation
(if known). PUBMED ids are numeric, and are record identifiers for article
abstracts in the PubMed database :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
Citations in PubMed that do not fall within Medline's scope will have only
a PUBMED identifier. Similarly, citations that *are* in Medline's scope but
which have not yet been assigned Medline UIs will have only a PUBMED identifier.
If a citation is present in both the PubMed and Medline databases, both a
MEDLINE and a PUBMED line will be present.
The REMARK line is a textual comment that specifies the relevance
of the citation to the entry.
3.4.12 FEATURES Format
GenBank releases use a feature table format designed jointly by
GenBank, the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library, and the DNA Data
Bank of Japan. This format is in use by all three databases. The
most complete and accurate Feature Table documentation can be found
on the Web at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/collab/FT/index.html
Any discrepancy between the abbreviated feature table description
of these release notes and the complete documentation on the Web
should be resolved in favor of the version at the above URL.
The Feature Table specification is also available as a printed
document: `The DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank Feature Table: Definition'. Contact
GenBank at the address shown on the first page of these Release Notes
if you would like a copy.
The feature table contains information about genes and gene products,
as well as regions of biological significance reported in the
sequence. The feature table contains information on regions of the
sequence that code for proteins and RNA molecules. It also enumerates
differences between different reports of the same sequence, and
provides cross-references to other data collections, as described in
more detail below.
The first line of the feature table is a header that includes the
keyword `FEATURES' and the column header `Location/Qualifier.' Each
feature consists of a descriptor line containing a feature key and a
location (see sections below for details). If the location does not
fit on this line, a continuation line may follow. If further
information about the feature is required, one or more lines
containing feature qualifiers may follow the descriptor line.
The feature key begins in column 6 and may be no more than 15
characters in length. The location begins in column 22. Feature
qualifiers begin on subsequent lines at column 22. Location,
qualifier, and continuation lines may extend from column 22 to 80.
Feature tables are required, due to the mandatory presence of the
source feature. The sections below provide a brief introduction to
the feature table format.
3.4.12.1 Feature Key Names
The first column of the feature descriptor line contains the feature
key. It starts at column 6 and can continue to column 20. The list of
valid feature keys is shown below.
Remember, the most definitive documentation for the feature table can
be found at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/collab/FT/index.html
allele Obsolete; see variation feature key
attenuator Sequence related to transcription termination
C_region Span of the C immunological feature
CAAT_signal `CAAT box' in eukaryotic promoters
CDS Sequence coding for amino acids in protein (includes
stop codon)
conflict Independent sequence determinations differ
D-loop Displacement loop
D_segment Span of the D immunological feature
enhancer Cis-acting enhancer of promoter function
exon Region that codes for part of spliced mRNA
gene Region that defines a functional gene, possibly
including upstream (promotor, enhancer, etc)
and downstream control elements, and for which
a name has been assigned.
GC_signal `GC box' in eukaryotic promoters
iDNA Intervening DNA eliminated by recombination
intron Transcribed region excised by mRNA splicing
J_region Span of the J immunological feature
LTR Long terminal repeat
mat_peptide Mature peptide coding region (does not include stop codon)
misc_binding Miscellaneous binding site
misc_difference Miscellaneous difference feature
misc_feature Region of biological significance that cannot be described
by any other feature
misc_recomb Miscellaneous recombination feature
misc_RNA Miscellaneous transcript feature not defined by other RNA keys
misc_signal Miscellaneous signal
misc_structure Miscellaneous DNA or RNA structure
modified_base The indicated base is a modified nucleotide
mRNA Messenger RNA
mutation Obsolete: see variation feature key
N_region Span of the N immunological feature
old_sequence Presented sequence revises a previous version
polyA_signal Signal for cleavage & polyadenylation
polyA_site Site at which polyadenine is added to mRNA
precursor_RNA Any RNA species that is not yet the mature RNA product
prim_transcript Primary (unprocessed) transcript
primer Primer binding region used with PCR
primer_bind Non-covalent primer binding site
promoter A region involved in transcription initiation
protein_bind Non-covalent protein binding site on DNA or RNA
RBS Ribosome binding site
rep_origin Replication origin for duplex DNA
repeat_region Sequence containing repeated subsequences
repeat_unit One repeated unit of a repeat_region
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
S_region Span of the S immunological feature
satellite Satellite repeated sequence
scRNA Small cytoplasmic RNA
sig_peptide Signal peptide coding region
snRNA Small nuclear RNA
source Biological source of the sequence data represented by
a GenBank record. Mandatory feature, one or more per record.
For organisms that have been incorporated within the
NCBI taxonomy database, an associated /db_xref="taxon:NNNN"
qualifier will be present (where NNNNN is the numeric
identifier assigned to the organism within the NCBI taxonomy
database).
stem_loop Hair-pin loop structure in DNA or RNA
STS Sequence Tagged Site; operationally unique sequence that
identifies the combination of primer spans used in a PCR assay
TATA_signal `TATA box' in eukaryotic promoters
terminator Sequence causing transcription termination
transit_peptide Transit peptide coding region
transposon Transposable element (TN)
tRNA Transfer RNA
unsure Authors are unsure about the sequence in this region
V_region Span of the V immunological feature
variation A related population contains stable mutation
- (hyphen) Placeholder
-10_signal `Pribnow box' in prokaryotic promoters
-35_signal `-35 box' in prokaryotic promoters
3'clip 3'-most region of a precursor transcript removed in processing
3'UTR 3' untranslated region (trailer)
5'clip 5'-most region of a precursor transcript removed in processing
5'UTR 5' untranslated region (leader)
3.4.12.2 Feature Location
The second column of the feature descriptor line designates the
location of the feature in the sequence. The location descriptor
begins at position 22. Several conventions are used to indicate
sequence location.
Base numbers in location descriptors refer to numbering in the entry,
which is not necessarily the same as the numbering scheme used in the
published report. The first base in the presented sequence is numbered
base 1. Sequences are presented in the 5 to 3 direction.
Location descriptors can be one of the following:
1. A single base;
2. A contiguous span of bases;
3. A site between two bases;
4. A single base chosen from a range of bases;
5. A single base chosen from among two or more specified bases;
6. A joining of sequence spans;
7. A reference to an entry other than the one to which the feature
belongs (i.e., a remote entry), followed by a location descriptor
referring to the remote sequence;
A site between two residues, such as an endonuclease cleavage site, is
indicated by listing the two bases separated by a carat (e.g., 23^24).
A single residue chosen from a range of residues is indicated by the
number of the first and last bases in the range separated by a single
period (e.g., 23.79). The symbols < and > indicate that the end point
of the range is beyond the specified base number.
A contiguous span of bases is indicated by the number of the first and
last bases in the range separated by two periods (e.g., 23..79). The
symbols < and > indicate that the end point of the range is beyond the
specified base number. Starting and ending positions can be indicated
by base number or by one of the operators described below.
Operators are prefixes that specify what must be done to the indicated
sequence to locate the feature. The following are the operators
available, along with their most common format and a description.
complement (location): The feature is complementary to the location
indicated. Complementary strands are read 5 to 3.
join (location, location, .. location): The indicated elements should
be placed end to end to form one contiguous sequence.
order (location, location, .. location): The elements are found in the
specified order in the 5 to 3 direction, but nothing is implied about
the rationality of joining them.
3.4.12.3 Feature Qualifiers
Qualifiers provide additional information about features. They take
the form of a slash (/) followed by a qualifier name and, if
applicable, an equal sign (=) and a qualifier value. Feature
qualifiers begin at column 22.
Qualifiers convey many types of information. Their values can,
therefore, take several forms:
1. Free text;
2. Controlled vocabulary or enumerated values;
3. Citations or reference numbers;
4. Sequences;
5. Feature labels.
Text qualifier values must be enclosed in double quotation marks. The
text can consist of any printable characters (ASCII values 32-126
decimal). If the text string includes double quotation marks, each set
must be `escaped' by placing a double quotation mark in front of it
(e.g., /note="This is an example of ""escaped"" quotation marks").
Some qualifiers require values selected from a limited set of choices.
For example, the `/direction' qualifier has only three values `left,'
`right,' or `both.' These are called controlled vocabulary qualifier
values. Controlled qualifier values are not case sensitive; they can
be entered in any combination of upper- and lowercase without changing
their meaning.
Citation or published reference numbers for the entry should be
enclosed in square brackets ([]) to distinguish them from other
numbers.
A literal sequence of bases (e.g., "atgcatt") should be enclosed in
quotation marks. Literal sequences are distinguished from free text by
context. Qualifiers that take free text as their values do not take
literal sequences, and vice versa.
The `/label=' qualifier takes a feature label as its qualifier.
Although feature labels are optional, they allow unambiguous
references to the feature. The feature label identifies a feature
within an entry; when combined with the accession number and the name
of the data bank from which it came, it is a unique tag for that
feature. Feature labels must be unique within an entry, but can be the
same as a feature label in another entry. Feature labels are not case
sensitive; they can be entered in any combination of upper-and
lowercase without changing their meaning.
The following is a partial list of feature qualifiers.
/anticodon Location of the anticodon of tRNA and the amino acid
for which it codes
/bound_moiety Moiety bound
/citation Reference to a citation providing the claim of or
evidence for a feature
/codon Specifies a codon that is different from any found in the
reference genetic code
/codon_start Indicates the first base of the first complete codon
in a CDS (as 1 or 2 or 3)
/cons_splice Identifies intron splice sites that do not conform to
the 5'-GT... AG-3' splice site consensus
/db_xref A database cross-reference; pointer to related information
in another database. A description of all cross-references
can be found at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/collab/db_xref.html
/direction Direction of DNA replication
/EC_number Enzyme Commission number for the enzyme product of the
sequence
/evidence Value indicating the nature of supporting evidence
/frequency Frequency of the occurrence of a feature
/function Function attributed to a sequence
/gene Symbol of the gene corresponding to a sequence region (usable
with all features)
/label A label used to permanently identify a feature
/map Map position of the feature in free-format text
/mod_base Abbreviation for a modified nucleotide base
/note Any comment or additional information
/number A number indicating the order of genetic elements
(e.g., exons or introns) in the 5 to 3 direction
/organism Name of the organism that is the source of the
sequence data in the record.
/partial Differentiates between complete regions and partial ones
/phenotype Phenotype conferred by the feature
/product Name of a product encoded by a coding region (CDS)
feature
/pseudo Indicates that this feature is a non-functional
version of the element named by the feature key
/rpt_family Type of repeated sequence; Alu or Kpn, for example
/rpt_type Organization of repeated sequence
/rpt_unit Identity of repeat unit that constitutes a repeat_region
/standard_name Accepted standard name for this feature
/transl_except Translational exception: single codon, the translation
of which does not conform to the reference genetic code
/translation Amino acid translation of a coding region
/type Name of a strain if different from that in the SOURCE field
/usedin Indicates that feature is used in a compound feature
in another entry
3.4.12.4 Cross-Reference Information
One type of information in the feature table lists cross-references to
the annual compilation of transfer RNA sequences in Nucleic Acids
Research, which has kindly been sent to us on CD-ROM by Dr. Sprinzl.
Each tRNA entry of the feature table contains a /note= qualifier that
includes a reference such as `(NAR: 1234)' to identify code 1234 in
the NAR compilation. When such a cross-reference appears in an entry
that contains a gene coding for a transfer RNA molecule, it refers to
the code in the tRNA gene compilation. Similar cross-references in
entries containing mature transfer RNA sequences refer to the
companion compilation of tRNA sequences published by D.H. Gauss and M.
Sprinzl in Nucleic Acids Research.
3.4.12.5 Feature Table Examples
In the first example a number of key names, feature locations, and
qualifiers are illustrated, taken from different sequences. The first
table entry is a coding region consisting of a simple span of bases
and including a /gene qualifier. In the second table entry, an NAR
cross-reference is given (see the previous section for a discussion of
these cross-references). The third and fourth table entries use the
symbols `<`and `>' to indicate that the beginning or end of the
feature is beyond the range of the presented sequence. In the fifth
table entry, the symbol `^' indicates that the feature is between
bases.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
CDS 5..1261
/product="alpha-1-antitrypsin precursor"
/map="14q32.1"
/gene="PI"
tRNA 1..87
/note="Leu-tRNA-CAA (NAR: 1057)"
/anticodon=(pos:35..37,aa:Leu)
mRNA 1..>66
/note="alpha-1-acid glycoprotein mRNA"
transposon <1..267
/note="insertion element IS5"
misc_recomb 105^106
/note="B.subtilis DNA end/IS5 DNA start"
conflict 258
/replace="t"
/citation=[2]
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 10. Feature Table Entries
The next example shows the representation for a CDS that spans more
than one entry.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
LOCUS HUMPGAMM1 3688 bp ds-DNA PRI 15-OCT-1990
DEFINITION Human phosphoglycerate mutase (muscle specific isozyme) (PGAM-M)
gene, 5' end.
ACCESSION M55673 M25818 M27095
KEYWORDS phosphoglycerate mutase.
SEGMENT 1 of 2
.
.
.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
CAAT_signal 1751..1755
/gene="PGAM-M"
TATA_signal 1791..1799
/gene="PGAM-M"
exon 1820..2274
/number=1
/EC_number="5.4.2.1"
/gene="PGAM-M"
intron 2275..2377
/number=1
/gene="PGAM2"
exon 2378..2558
/number=2
/gene="PGAM-M"
.
.
.
//
LOCUS HUMPGAMM2 677 bp ds-DNA PRI 15-OCT-1990
DEFINITION Human phosphoglycerate mutase (muscle specific isozyme) (PGAM-M),
exon 3.
ACCESSION M55674 M25818 M27096
KEYWORDS phosphoglycerate mutase.
SEGMENT 2 of 2
.
.
.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
exon 255..457
/number=3
/gene="PGAM-M"
intron order(M55673:2559..>3688,<1..254)
/number=2
/gene="PGAM-M"
mRNA join(M55673:1820..2274,M55673:2378..2558,255..457)
/gene="PGAM-M"
CDS join(M55673:1861..2274,M55673:2378..2558,255..421)
/note="muscle-specific isozyme"
/gene="PGAM2"
/product="phosphoglycerate mutase"
/codon_start=1
/translation="MATHRLVMVRHGESTWNQENRFCGWFDAELSEKGTEEAKRGAKA
IKDAKMEFDICYTSVLKRAIRTLWAILDGTDQMWLPVVRTWRLNERHYGGLTGLNKAE
TAAKHGEEQVKIWRRSFDIPPPPMDEKHPYYNSISKERRYAGLKPGELPTCESLKDTI
ARALPFWNEEIVPQIKAGKRVLIAAHGNSLRGIVKHLEGMSDQAIMELNLPTGIPIVY
ELNKELKPTKPMQFLGDEETVRKAMEAVAAQGKAK"
.
.
.
//
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 11. Joining Sequences
3.4.13 ORIGIN Format
The ORIGIN record may be left blank, may appear as `Unreported.' or
may give a local pointer to the sequence start, usually involving an
experimentally determined restriction cleavage site or the genetic
locus (if available). The ORIGIN record ends in a period if it
contains data, but does not include the period if the record is left
empty (in contrast to the KEYWORDS field which contains a period
rather than being left blank).
3.4.14 SEQUENCE Format
The nucleotide sequence for an entry is found in the records following
the ORIGIN record. The sequence is reported in the 5 to 3 direction.
There are sixty bases per record, listed in groups of ten bases
followed by a blank, starting at position 11 of each record. The
number of the first nucleotide in the record is given in columns 4 to
9 (right justified) of the record.
4. ALTERNATE RELEASES
NCBI is supplying sequence data in the GenBank flat file format to
maintain compatibility with existing software which require that
particular format. Although we have made every effort to ensure
that these data are presented in the traditional flat file format,
if you encounter any problems in using these data with software which
is based upon the flat file format, please contact us at:
[email protected]
The flat file is just one of many possible report formats that can be
generated from the richer representation supported by the ASN.1 form of the
data. Developers of new software tools should consider using the ASN.1 form
directly to take advantage of those features. Documentation and a Software
Developer's Toolkit for ASN.1 are available through NCBI. You may call NCBI
at (301)496-2475, or subscribe to a developers' electronic newsgroup by
sending your name, address, affiliation, and e-mail address to:
[email protected]
The Software Developer's Toolkit and PostScript documentation for UNIX,
VMS, Ultrix, AIX, MacOS, DOS, and Microsoft Windows systems is available
in a compressed UNIX tar file by anonymous ftp from 'ftp.ncbi.nih.gov',
in the toolbox/ncbi_tools directory. The file is 'ncbi.tar.Z'.
5. KNOWN PROBLEMS OF THE GENBANK DATABASE
5.1 Incorrect Gene Symbols in Entries and Index
The /gene qualifier for many GenBank entries contains values other than the
official gene symbol, such as the product or the standard name of the gene. The
gene symbol index (gbgen.idx) is created from the data in the /gene qualifier
and therefore may contain data other than official gene symbols.
6. GENBANK ADMINISTRATION
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library
of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, is responsible for the production
and distribution of the NIH GenBank Sequence Database. NCBI distributes
GenBank sequence data by anonymous FTP, e-mail servers and other
network services. For more information, you may contact NCBI at the
e-mail address: [email protected] or by phone: 301-496-2475.
6.1 Registered Trademark Notice
GenBank (R) is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services for the Genetic Sequence Data Bank.
6.2 Citing GenBank
If you have used GenBank in your research, we would appreciate it if
you would include a reference to GenBank in all publications related
to that research.
When citing data in GenBank, it is appropriate to give the sequence
name, primary accession number, and the publication in which the
sequence first appeared. If the data are unpublished, we urge you to
contact the group which submitted the data to GenBank to see if there
is a recent publication or if they have determined any revisions or
extensions of the data.
It is also appropriate to list a reference for GenBank itself. The
following publication, which describes the GenBank database, should
be cited:
Benson D.A., Karsch-Mizrachi I., Lipman D.J., Ostell J., Rapp B.A.,
Wheeler D.L. GenBank. Nucl. Acids Res. 28(1):15-18 (2000)
The following statement is an example of how you may cite GenBank
data. It cites the sequence, its primary accession number, the group
who determined the sequence, and GenBank. The numbers in parentheses
refer to the GenBank citation above and to the REFERENCE in the
GenBank sequence entry.
`We scanned the GenBank (1) database for sequence similarities and
found one sequence (2), GenBank accession number J01016, which showed
significant similarity...'
(1) Benson, D.A. et al. Nucl. Acids Res. 28(1):15-18 (2000)
(2) Nellen, W. and Gallwitz, D. J. Mol. Biol. 159, 1-18 (1982)
6.3 GenBank Distribution Formats and Media
Complete flat file releases of the GenBank database are available via
NCBI's anonymous ftp server:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov
Each release is cumulative, incorporating all previous GenBank data.
No retrieval software is provided. GenBank distribution via CD-ROM
ceased as of GenBank Release 106.0 (April, 1998).
Mirrors of the GenBank FTP site at the NCBI are available from the
San Diego Supercomputer Center and the University of Indiana:
ftp://genbank.sdsc.edu/pub
ftp://bio-mirror.net/biomirror/genbank/
6.4 Other Methods of Accessing GenBank Data
Entrez is a molecular biology database system that presents an integrated
view of DNA and protein sequence data, 3D structure data, complete genomes,
and associated MEDLINE entries. The system is produced by the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and is available only via
the Internet (using the Web-Entrez and Network-Entrez applications).
Accessing Entrez is easy: if you have a World Wide Web browser, such as
Netscape or Internet-Explorer, simply point your browser to:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
The Web version of Entrez has all the capabilities of the network version,
but with the visual style of the World Wide Web. If you prefer the "look and
feel" of Network-Entrez, you may download Network-Entrez from the NCBI's
FTP server:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/
Versions are available for PC/Windows, Macintosh and several Unix variants.
For information about Network-Entrez, Web-Entrez or any other NCBI
services, you may contact NCBI by e-mail at [email protected] or by
phone at 301-496-2475.
6.5 Request for Corrections and Comments
We welcome your suggestions for improvements to GenBank. We are
especially interested to learn of errors or inconsistencies in the
data. BankIt or Sequin can be used to submit revisions to previous
submissions. In addition, suggestions and corrections can be sent by
electronic mail to: [email protected]. Please be certain to
indicate the GenBank release number (e.g., Release 138.0) and the
primary accession number of the entry to which your comments apply; it
is helpful if you also give the entry name and the current contents of
any data field for which you are recommending a change.
6.6 Credits and Acknowledgments
Credits -
GenBank Release Coordination
Mark Cavanaugh
GenBank Submission Coordination
Ilene Mizrachi
GenBank Annotation Staff
Lori Black, Larissa Brown, Larry Chlumsky, Karen Clark, Irene Fang,
Linda Frisse, Michael Fetchko, Anjanette Johnston, William Klimke,
Pierre Ledoux, Richard McVeigh, Ilene Mizrachi, DeAnne Olsen Cravaritis,
Chris O'Sullivan, Leigh Riley, Gert Roosen, MJ Rosovitz, Susan Schafer,
Suh-suh Wang, and Linda Yankie
Data Management and Preparation
Vladimir Alekseyev, Serge Bazhin, Anton Butanaev, Mark Cavanaugh,
Hsiu-Chuan Chen, Olga Cherenkov, Jonathan Kans, Michael Kimelman,
Jim Ostell, Karl Sirotkin, Vladimir Soussov, Elena Starchenko,
Hanzhen Sun, Tatiana Tatusova, Carolyn Tolstoshev, Jane Weisemann,
Eugene Yaschenko
Database Administration
Ron Chen, Slava Khotomliansky, Tony Stearman
User Support
Medha Bhagwat, Peter Cooper, Susan Dombrowski, Andrei Gabrielian
Renata Geer, Scott McGinnis, Donna Messersmith, Rana Morris, Vyvy Pham,
Monica Romiti, Eric Sayers, Tao Tao, David Wheeler
Project Direction
David Lipman
Acknowledgments -
Contractor support for GenBank production and distribution has been
provided by Management Systems Designers, Inc., ComputerCraft Corporation,
and The KEVRIC Company, Inc.
6.7 Disclaimer
The United States Government makes no representations or warranties
regarding the content or accuracy of the information. The United States
Government also makes no representations or warranties of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose or that the use of the sequences will
not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark, or other rights. The
United States Government accepts no responsibility for any consequence
of the receipt or use of the information.
For additional information about GenBank releases, please contact
NCBI by e-mail at [email protected], by phone at (301) 496-2475,
or by mail at:
GenBank
National Library of Medicine
Bldg. 38A Rm. 8N-809
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
FAX: (301) 480-9241
