Release Notes For GenBank Release 141
GBREL.TXT Genetic Sequence Data Bank
April 15 2004
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 141.0
Distribution Release Notes
33676218 loci, 38989342565 bases, from 33676218 reported sequences
This document describes the format and content of the flat files that
comprise releases of the GenBank nucleotide sequence database. If you
have any questions or comments about GenBank or this document, please
contact NCBI via email at [email protected] or:
GenBank
National Center for Biotechnology Information
National Library of Medicine, 38A, 8N805
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
USA
Phone: (301) 496-2475
Fax: (301) 480-9241
==========================================================================
TABLE OF CONTENTS
==========================================================================
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Release 141.0
1.2 Cutoff Date
1.3 Important Changes in Release 141.0
1.4 Upcoming Changes
1.5 Request for Direct Submission of Sequence Data
1.6 Organization of This Document
2. ORGANIZATION OF DATA FILES
2.1 Overview
2.2 Files
2.2.1 File Descriptions
2.2.5 File Sizes
2.2.6 Per-Division Statistics
2.2.7 Selected Per-Organism Statistics
2.2.8 Growth of GenBank
3. FILE FORMATS
3.1 File Header Information
3.2 Directory Files
3.2.1 Short Directory File
3.3 Index Files
3.3.1 Accession Number Index File
3.3.2 Keyword Phrase Index File
3.3.3 Author Name Index File
3.3.4 Journal Citation Index File
3.3.5 Gene Name Index
3.4 Sequence Entry Files
3.4.1 File Organization
3.4.2 Entry Organization
3.4.3 Sample Sequence Data File
3.4.4 LOCUS Format
3.4.5 DEFINITION Format
3.4.5.1 DEFINITION Format for NLM Entries
3.4.6 ACCESSION Format
3.4.7 VERSION Format
3.4.8 KEYWORDS Format
3.4.9 SEGMENT Format
3.4.10 SOURCE Format
3.4.11 REFERENCE Format
3.4.12 FEATURES Format
3.4.12.1 Feature Key Names
3.4.12.2 Feature Location
3.4.12.3 Feature Qualifiers
3.4.12.4 Cross-Reference Information
3.4.12.5 Feature Table Examples
3.4.13 ORIGIN Format
3.4.14 SEQUENCE Format
4. ALTERNATE RELEASES
5. KNOWN PROBLEMS OF THE GENBANK DATABASE
5.1 Incorrect Gene Symbols in Entries and Index
6. GENBANK ADMINISTRATION
6.1 Registered Trademark Notice
6.2 Citing GenBank
6.3 GenBank Distribution Formats and Media
6.4 Other Methods of Accessing GenBank Data
6.5 Request for Corrections and Comments
6.6 Credits and Acknowledgments
6.7 Disclaimer
==========================================================================
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Release 141.0
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National
Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH) is responsible
for producing and distributing the GenBank Sequence Database. NCBI handles
all GenBank direct submissions and authors are advised to use the address
below. Submitters are encouraged to use the free Sequin software package
for sending sequence data, or the newly developed World Wide Web submission
form. See Section 1.5 below for details.
*****************************************************************************
The address for direct submissions to GenBank is:
GenBank Submissions
National Center for Biotechnology Information
Bldg 38A, Rm. 8N-803
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
E-MAIL: [email protected]
Updates and changes to existing GenBank records:
E-MAIL: [email protected]
URL for the new GenBank submission tool - BankIt - on the World Wide Web:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
(see Section 1.5 for additional details about submitting data to GenBank.)
*****************************************************************************
GenBank Release 141.0 is a release of sequence data by NCBI in the GenBank
flatfile format. GenBank is a component of a tri-partite, international
collaboration of sequence databases in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. The
collaborating databases in Europe are the European Molecular Biology Laboratory
(EMBL) at Hinxton Hall, UK, and the DNA Database of Japan (DDBJ) in Mishima,
Japan. Patent sequences are incorporated through arrangements with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and via the collaborating international
databases from other international patent offices. The database is converted
to various output formats, including the Flat File and Abstract Syntax Notation 1
(ASN.1) versions. The ASN.1 and Flat File forms of the data are available at
NCBI's anonymous FTP server: ftp.ncbi.nih.gov .
1.2 Cutoff Date
This full release, 141.0, incorporates data available to the collaborating
databases as of April 20, 2004 at approximately 1:30am EDT. For more recent
data, users are advised to:
o Download GenBank Incremental Update (GIU) files by anonymous FTP from NCBI:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/ncbi-asn1/daily-nc (ASN.1 format)
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/daily-nc (flatfile format)
Mirrors of the GenBank FTP site at the NCBI are available from the San Diego
Supercomputer Center and the University of Indiana:
ftp://genbank.sdsc.edu/pub
ftp://bio-mirror.net/biomirror/genbank/
Some users who experience slow FTP transfers of large files might realize
an improvement in transfer rates from these alternate sites when traffic at
the NCBI is high.
o Use the interactive Network-Entrez or Web-Entrez applications to query
the 'Entrez: Nucleotides' database (see Section 6.4 of this document).
1.3 Important Changes in Release 141.0
1.3.1 Two index files unavailable for GenBank 141.0
An unexpected software problem prevented the generation of two of
the 'index' files which normally accompany GenBank releases:
gbacc.idx
gbjou.idx
Resolving the problem would have delayed release processing by three
days, with a concommitant delay in the indexing of recently processed
records for Entrez. So it was decided to make GenBank 141.0 available
without these index files. Our apologies for any inconvenience that this
might cause.
1.3.2 Organizational changes
The total number of sequence data files increased by 16 with this release:
- the BCT division is now comprised of 9 files (+1)
- the EST division is now comprised of 305 files (+9)
- the GSS division is now comprised of 104 files (+2)
- the PLN division is now comprised of 11 files (+1)
- the ROD division is now comprised of 12 files (+1)
- the STS division is now comprised of 4 files (+1)
- the VRT division is now comprised of 6 files (+1)
1.3.3 GSS File Header Problem
GSS sequences at GenBank are maintained in one of two different systems,
depending on their origin. One recent change to release processing involves
the parallelization of the dumps from those systems. Because the second dump
(for example) has no prior knowledge of exactly how many GSS files will be
dumped from the first, it doesn't know how to number it's own output files.
There is thus a discrepancy between the filenames and file headers for
thirteen GSS flatfiles in Release 141.0. Consider the gbgss92.seq file:
GBGSS1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
April 15 2004
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 141.0
GSS Sequences (Part 1)
88249 loci, 65635323 bases, from 88249 reported sequences
Here, the filename and part number in the header is "1", though the file
has been renamed as "92" based on the files dumped from the other system.
We will work to resolve this discrepancy in future releases, but the
priority is certainly much lower than many other tasks.
1.4 Upcoming Changes
1.4.1 **Sequence Length Limitation To Be Removed In June 2004**
At the May 2003 collaborative meeting among representatives of GenBank,
EMBL, and DDBJ, it was decided that the 350 kilobase limit on the sequence
length of database records will be removed as of June 2004.
Individual, complete sequences are currently expected to be a maximum
of 350 kbp in length. One major reason for the existence of this limit is
as an aid to users of sequence analysis software, some of which might not
be capable of processing megabase-scale sequences.
However, very significant exceptions to the 350 kbp limit have existed
for several years; Phase 1 (unordered, unoriented) and Phase 2 (ordered,
oriented) high-throughput genomic sequences (HTGS) generated by efforts
such as the Human Genome Project; large dispersed eukaryotic genes with
an intron/exon structure that spans more than 350 kbp; and sequences
which result from assemblies of Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) project data.
Given these exceptions, and the technological advances which have made
large-scale sequencing practical for an increasing number of researchers,
the collaboration has decided that the 350 kbp limit must be removed.
As of June 2004, the length of database sequences will be limited only
by the natural structures of an organism's genome. For example, a single
record might be used to represent all of human chromosome 1, which is
approximately 245 Mbp in length.
Software developers for some of the larger commercial sequence analysis
packages were recently asked what timeframe would be appropriate for this
change. Answers ranged from "immediately", to "several months", to "one year".
So the one-year timeframe was selected, to provide ample time to implement
changes which megabase-scale sequences may require.
Some sample records with very large sequences have been made available
so that developers can begin to test their software modifications:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/LargeSeqs
Many changes are expected after the removal of the length limit. For
example, complete bacterial genomes (typically on the order of several
megabases) will be re-assembled into single sequence records. The submission
process for such genomes will become much more streamlined, since database
staff will no longer have to split the genomes into pieces. BLAST services
will be enchanced, so that hits reported within very large sequences will
be presented in a meaningful context.
All such changes will be discussed more fully in future release notes,
the NCBI newsletter, and the GenBank newsgroup.
1.4.2 Rename of File 'Last.Release' and Deletion of /daily Subdirectories
The files named Last.Release which are located at:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/daily/Last.Release
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/ncbi-asn1/daily/Last.Release
contain the number of the GenBank release which is currently installed
on the NCBI FTP site. As of Release 142.0 in June 2004, these files will
be moved and renamed as:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/GB_Release_Number
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/ncbi-asn1/GB_Release_Number
The /daily subdirectories, which had been used for cumulative update
products that are no longer supported, will be deleted at that time.
1.5 Request for Direct Submission of Sequence Data
A successful GenBank requires that sequence data enter the database as
soon as possible after publication, that the annotations be as complete as
possible, and that the sequence and annotation data be accurate. All
three of these requirements are best met if authors of sequence data
submit their data directly to GenBank in a usable form. It is especially
important that these submissions be in computer-readable form.
GenBank must rely on direct author submission of data to ensure that
it achieves its goals of completeness, accuracy, and timeliness. To
assist researchers in entering their own sequence data, GenBank
provides a WWW submission tool called BankIt, as well as a stand-alone
software package called Sequin. BankIt and Sequin are both easy-to-use
programs that enable authors to enter a sequence, annotate it, and
submit it to GenBank. Through the international collaboration of DNA
sequence databases, GenBank submissions are forwarded daily for inclusion
in the EMBL and DDBJ databases.
SEQUIN. Sequin is an interactive, graphically-oriented program based
on screen forms and controlled vocabularies that guides you through the
process of entering your sequence and providing biological and
bibliographic annotation. Sequin is designed to simplify the sequence submission
process, and to provide increased data handling capabilities to accomodate
very long sequences, complex annotations, and robust error checking. E-mail
the completed submission file to : [email protected]
Sequin is provided for Macintosh, PC/Windows, UNIX and VMS computers.
It is available by annonymous ftp from ftp.ncbi.nih.gov; login as
anonymous and use your e-mail address as the password. It is located in
the sequin directory. Or direct your web browser to this URL:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/sequin
BANKIT. BankIt provides a simple forms approach for submitting your
sequence and descriptive information to GenBank. Your submission will
be submitted directly to GenBank via the World Wide Web, and
immediately forwarded for inclusion in the EMBL and DDBJ databases.
BankIt may be used with Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other common
WWW clients. You can access BankIt from GenBank's home page:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
AUTHORIN. Authorin sequence submissions are no longer accepted by
GenBank, and the Authorin application is no longer distributed by NCBI.
If you have questions about GenBank submissions or any of the data
submission tools, contact NCBI at: [email protected] or 301-496-2475.
1.6 Organization of This Document
The second section describes the contents of GenBank releases. The third
section illustrates the formats of the flat files. The fourth section
describes other versions of the data, the fifth section identifies known prob-
lems, and the sixth contains administrative details.
2. ORGANIZATION OF DATA FILES
2.1 Overview
GenBank releases consist of a set of ASCII text files, most of which
contain sequence data. A few supplemental "index" files are also supplied,
containing comprehensive lists of author names, journal citations,
gene names, and keywords, along with the accession numbers of the records
in which they can be found (see Section 3.3). The line-lengths of
these files is variable.
2.2 Files
This GenBank flat file release consists of 606 files. The lists
that follow describe each of the files included in the distribution.
Their sizes and base pair content are also summarized.
2.2.1 File Descriptions
As outlined in Section 1.3.1, the following two files are unavailable
for GenBank Release 141.0 :
gbacc.idx - Index of the entries according to accession number.
gbjou.idx - Index of the entries according to journal citation.
Files included in this release are:
1. gbrel.txt - Release notes (this document).
2. gbsdr.txt - Short directory of the data bank.
3. gbkey.idx - Index of the entries according to keyword phrase.
4. gbaut1.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 1.
5. gbaut2.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 2.
6. gbaut3.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 3.
7. gbaut4.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 4.
8. gbaut5.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 5.
9. gbaut6.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 6.
10. gbaut7.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 7.
11. gbaut8.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 8.
12. gbaut9.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 9.
13. gbaut10.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 10.
14. gbaut11.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 11.
15. gbaut12.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 12.
16. gbaut13.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 13.
17. gbaut14.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 14.
18. gbaut15.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 15.
19. gbaut16.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 16.
20. gbaut17.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 17.
21. gbaut18.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 18.
22. gbaut19.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 19.
23. gbaut20.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 20.
24. gbaut21.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 21.
25. gbaut22.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 22.
26. gbaut23.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 23.
27. gbaut24.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 24.
28. gbgen.idx - Index of the entries according to gene names.
29. gbsec.idx - Index of the entries according to secondary accession number.
30. gbpri1.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 1.
31. gbpri2.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 2.
32. gbpri3.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 3.
33. gbpri4.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 4.
34. gbpri5.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 5.
35. gbpri6.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 6.
36. gbpri7.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 7.
37. gbpri8.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 8.
38. gbpri9.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 9.
39. gbpri10.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 10.
40. gbpri11.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 11.
41. gbpri12.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 12.
42. gbpri13.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 13.
43. gbpri14.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 14.
44. gbpri15.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 15.
45. gbpri16.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 16.
46. gbpri17.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 17.
47. gbpri18.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 18.
48. gbpri19.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 19.
49. gbpri20.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 20.
50. gbpri21.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 21.
51. gbpri22.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 22.
52. gbpri23.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 23.
53. gbpri24.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 24.
54. gbpri25.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 25.
55. gbpri26.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 26.
56. gbpri27.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 27.
57. gbrod1.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 1.
58. gbrod2.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 2.
59. gbrod3.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 3.
60. gbrod4.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 4.
61. gbrod5.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 5.
62. gbrod6.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 6.
63. gbrod7.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 7.
64. gbrod8.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 8.
65. gbrod9.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 9.
66. gbrod10.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 10.
67. gbrod11.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 11.
68. gbrod12.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 12.
69. gbmam.seq - Other mammalian sequence entries.
70. gbvrt1.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 1.
71. gbvrt2.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 2.
72. gbvrt3.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 3.
73. gbvrt4.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 4.
74. gbvrt5.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 5.
75. gbvrt6.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 5.
76. gbinv1.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 1.
77. gbinv2.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 2.
78. gbinv3.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 3.
79. gbinv4.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 4.
80. gbinv5.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 5.
81. gbinv6.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 6.
82. gbpln1.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 1.
83. gbpln2.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 2.
84. gbpln3.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 3.
85. gbpln4.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 4.
86. gbpln5.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 5.
87. gbpln6.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 6.
88. gbpln7.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 7.
89. gbpln8.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 8.
90. gbpln9.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 9.
91. gbpln10.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 10.
92. gbpln11.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 11.
93. gbbct1.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 1.
94. gbbct2.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 2.
95. gbbct3.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 3.
96. gbbct4.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 4.
97. gbbct5.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 5.
98. gbbct6.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 6.
99. gbbct7.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 7.
100. gbbct8.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 8.
101. gbbct9.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 9.
102. gbvrl1.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 1.
103. gbvrl2.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 2.
104. gbvrl3.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 3.
105. gbvrl4.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 4.
106. gbphg.seq - Phage sequence entries.
107. gbsyn.seq - Synthetic and chimeric sequence entries.
108. gbuna.seq - Unannotated sequence entries.
109. gbest1.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 1.
110. gbest2.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 2.
111. gbest3.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 3.
112. gbest4.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 4.
113. gbest5.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 5.
114. gbest6.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 6.
115. gbest7.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 7.
116. gbest8.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 8.
117. gbest9.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 9.
118. gbest10.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 10.
119. gbest11.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 11.
120. gbest12.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 12.
121. gbest13.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 13.
122. gbest14.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 14.
123. gbest15.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 15.
124. gbest16.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 16.
125. gbest17.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 17.
126. gbest18.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 18.
127. gbest19.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 19.
128. gbest20.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 20.
129. gbest21.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 21.
130. gbest22.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 22.
131. gbest23.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 23.
132. gbest24.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 24.
133. gbest25.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 25.
134. gbest26.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 26.
135. gbest27.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 27.
136. gbest28.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 28.
137. gbest29.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 29.
138. gbest30.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 30.
139. gbest31.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 31.
140. gbest32.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 32.
141. gbest33.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 33.
142. gbest34.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 34.
143. gbest35.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 35.
144. gbest36.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 36.
145. gbest37.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 37.
146. gbest38.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 38.
147. gbest39.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 39.
148. gbest40.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 40.
149. gbest41.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 41.
150. gbest42.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 42.
151. gbest43.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 43.
152. gbest44.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 44.
153. gbest45.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 45.
154. gbest46.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 46.
155. gbest47.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 47.
156. gbest48.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 48.
157. gbest49.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 49.
158. gbest50.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 50.
159. gbest51.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 51.
160. gbest52.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 52.
161. gbest53.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 53.
162. gbest54.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 54.
163. gbest55.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 55.
164. gbest56.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 56.
165. gbest57.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 57.
166. gbest58.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 58.
167. gbest59.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 59.
168. gbest60.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 60.
169. gbest61.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 61.
170. gbest62.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 62.
171. gbest63.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 63.
172. gbest64.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 64.
173. gbest65.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 65.
174. gbest66.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 66.
175. gbest67.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 67.
176. gbest68.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 68.
177. gbest69.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 69.
178. gbest70.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 70.
179. gbest71.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 71.
180. gbest72.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 72.
181. gbest73.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 73.
182. gbest74.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 74.
183. gbest75.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 75.
184. gbest76.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 76.
185. gbest77.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 77.
186. gbest78.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 78.
187. gbest79.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 79.
188. gbest80.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 80.
189. gbest81.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 81.
190. gbest82.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 82.
191. gbest83.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 83.
192. gbest84.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 84.
193. gbest85.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 85.
194. gbest86.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 86.
195. gbest87.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 87.
196. gbest88.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 88.
197. gbest89.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 89
198. gbest90.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 90.
199. gbest91.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 91.
200. gbest92.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 92.
201. gbest93.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 93.
202. gbest94.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 94.
203. gbest95.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 95.
204. gbest96.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 96.
205. gbest97.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 97.
206. gbest98.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 98.
207. gbest99.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 99.
208. gbest100.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 100.
209. gbest101.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 101.
210. gbest102.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 102.
211. gbest103.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 103.
212. gbest104.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 104.
213. gbest105.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 105.
214. gbest106.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 106.
215. gbest107.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 107.
216. gbest108.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 108.
217. gbest109.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 109.
218. gbest110.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 110.
219. gbest111.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 111.
220. gbest112.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 112.
221. gbest113.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 113.
222. gbest114.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 114.
223. gbest115.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 115.
224. gbest116.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 116.
225. gbest117.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 117.
226. gbest118.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 118.
227. gbest119.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 119.
228. gbest120.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 120.
229. gbest121.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 121.
230. gbest122.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 122.
231. gbest123.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 123.
232. gbest124.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 124.
233. gbest125.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 125.
234. gbest126.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 126.
235. gbest127.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 127.
236. gbest128.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 128.
237. gbest129.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 129.
238. gbest130.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 130.
239. gbest131.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 131.
240. gbest132.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 132.
241. gbest133.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 133.
242. gbest134.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 134.
243. gbest135.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 135.
244. gbest136.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 136.
245. gbest137.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 137.
246. gbest138.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 138.
247. gbest139.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 139.
248. gbest140.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 140.
249. gbest141.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 141.
250. gbest142.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 142.
251. gbest143.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 143.
252. gbest144.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 144.
253. gbest145.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 145.
254. gbest146.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 146.
255. gbest147.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 147.
256. gbest148.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 148.
257. gbest149.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 149.
258. gbest150.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 150.
259. gbest151.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 151.
260. gbest152.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 152.
261. gbest153.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 153.
262. gbest154.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 154.
263. gbest155.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 155.
264. gbest156.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 156.
265. gbest157.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 157.
266. gbest158.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 158.
267. gbest159.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 159.
268. gbest160.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 160.
269. gbest161.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 161.
270. gbest162.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 162.
271. gbest163.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 163.
272. gbest164.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 164.
273. gbest165.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 165.
274. gbest166.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 166.
275. gbest167.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 167.
276. gbest168.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 168.
277. gbest169.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 169.
278. gbest170.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 170.
279. gbest171.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 171.
280. gbest172.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 172.
281. gbest173.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 173.
282. gbest174.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 174.
283. gbest175.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 175.
284. gbest176.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 176.
285. gbest177.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 177.
286. gbest178.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 178.
287. gbest179.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 179.
288. gbest180.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 180.
289. gbest181.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 181.
290. gbest182.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 182.
291. gbest183.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 183.
292. gbest184.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 184.
293. gbest185.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 185.
294. gbest186.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 186.
295. gbest187.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 187.
296. gbest188.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 188.
297. gbest189.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 189.
298. gbest190.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 190.
299. gbest191.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 191.
300. gbest192.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 192.
301. gbest193.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 193.
302. gbest194.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 194.
303. gbest195.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 195.
304. gbest196.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 196.
305. gbest197.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 197.
306. gbest198.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 198.
307. gbest199.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 199.
308. gbest200.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 200.
309. gbest201.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 201.
310. gbest202.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 202.
311. gbest203.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 203.
312. gbest204.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 204.
313. gbest205.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 205.
314. gbest206.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 206.
315. gbest207.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 207.
316. gbest208.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 208.
317. gbest209.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 209.
318. gbest210.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 210.
319. gbest211.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 211.
320. gbest212.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 212.
321. gbest213.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 213.
322. gbest214.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 214.
323. gbest215.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 215.
324. gbest216.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 216.
325. gbest217.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 217.
326. gbest218.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 218.
327. gbest219.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 219.
328. gbest220.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 220.
329. gbest221.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 221.
330. gbest222.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 222.
331. gbest223.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 223.
332. gbest224.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 224.
333. gbest225.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 225.
334. gbest226.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 226.
335. gbest227.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 227.
336. gbest228.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 228.
337. gbest229.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 229.
338. gbest230.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 230.
339. gbest231.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 231.
340. gbest232.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 232.
341. gbest233.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 233.
342. gbest234.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 234.
343. gbest235.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 235.
344. gbest236.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 236.
345. gbest237.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 237.
346. gbest238.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 238.
347. gbest239.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 239.
348. gbest240.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 240.
349. gbest241.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 241.
350. gbest242.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 242.
351. gbest243.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 243.
352. gbest244.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 244.
353. gbest245.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 245.
354. gbest246.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 246.
355. gbest247.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 247.
356. gbest248.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 248.
357. gbest249.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 249.
358. gbest250.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 250.
359. gbest251.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 251.
360. gbest252.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 252.
361. gbest253.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 253.
362. gbest254.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 254.
363. gbest255.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 255.
364. gbest256.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 256.
365. gbest257.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 257.
366. gbest258.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 258.
367. gbest259.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 259.
368. gbest260.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 260.
369. gbest261.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 261.
370. gbest262.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 262.
371. gbest263.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 263.
372. gbest264.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 264.
373. gbest265.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 265.
374. gbest266.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 266.
375. gbest267.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 267.
376. gbest268.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 268.
377. gbest269.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 269.
378. gbest270.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 270.
379. gbest271.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 271.
380. gbest272.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 272.
381. gbest273.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 273.
382. gbest274.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 274.
383. gbest275.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 275.
384. gbest276.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 276.
385. gbest277.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 277.
386. gbest278.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 278.
387. gbest279.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 279.
388. gbest280.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 280.
389. gbest281.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 281.
390. gbest282.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 282.
391. gbest283.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 283.
392. gbest284.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 284.
393. gbest285.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 285.
394. gbest286.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 286.
395. gbest287.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 287.
396. gbest288.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 288.
397. gbest289.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 289.
398. gbest290.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 290.
399. gbest291.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 291.
400. gbest292.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 292.
401. gbest293.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 293.
402. gbest294.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 294.
403. gbest295.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 295.
404. gbest296.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 296.
405. gbest297.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 297.
406. gbest298.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 298.
407. gbest299.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 299.
408. gbest300.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 300.
409. gbest301.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 301.
410. gbest302.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 302.
411. gbest303.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 303.
412. gbest304.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 304.
413. gbest305.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 305.
414. gbpat1.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 1.
415. gbpat2.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 2.
416. gbpat3.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 3.
417. gbpat4.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 4.
418. gbpat5.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 5.
419. gbpat6.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 6.
420. gbpat7.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 7.
421. gbpat8.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 8.
422. gbpat9.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 9.
423. gbpat10.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 10.
424. gbpat11.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 11.
425. gbpat12.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 12.
426. gbpat13.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 13.
427. gbpat14.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 14.
428. gbpat15.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 15.
429. gbsts1.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 1.
430. gbsts2.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 2.
431. gbsts3.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 3.
432. gbsts4.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 4.
433. gbgss1.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 1.
434. gbgss2.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 2.
435. gbgss3.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 3.
436. gbgss4.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 4.
437. gbgss5.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 5.
438. gbgss6.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 6.
439. gbgss7.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 7.
440. gbgss8.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 8.
441. gbgss9.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 9.
442. gbgss10.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 10.
443. gbgss11.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 11.
444. gbgss12.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 12.
445. gbgss13.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 13.
446. gbgss14.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 14.
447. gbgss15.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 15.
448. gbgss16.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 16.
449. gbgss17.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 17.
450. gbgss18.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 18.
451. gbgss19.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 19.
452. gbgss20.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 20.
453. gbgss21.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 21.
454. gbgss22.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 22.
455. gbgss23.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 23.
456. gbgss24.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 24.
457. gbgss25.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 25.
458. gbgss26.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 26.
459. gbgss27.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 27.
460. gbgss28.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 28.
461. gbgss29.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 29.
462. gbgss30.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 30.
463. gbgss31.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 31.
464. gbgss32.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 32.
465. gbgss33.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 33.
466. gbgss34.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 34.
467. gbgss35.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 35.
468. gbgss36.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 36.
469. gbgss37.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 37.
470. gbgss38.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 38.
471. gbgss39.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 39.
472. gbgss40.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 40.
473. gbgss41.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 41.
474. gbgss42.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 42.
475. gbgss43.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 43.
476. gbgss44.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 44.
477. gbgss45.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 45.
478. gbgss46.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 46.
479. gbgss47.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 47.
480. gbgss48.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 48.
481. gbgss49.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 49.
482. gbgss50.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 50.
483. gbgss51.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 51.
484. gbgss52.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 52.
485. gbgss53.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 53.
486. gbgss54.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 54.
487. gbgss55.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 55.
488. gbgss56.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 56.
489. gbgss57.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 57.
490. gbgss58.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 58.
491. gbgss59.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 59.
492. gbgss60.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 60.
493. gbgss61.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 61.
494. gbgss62.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 62.
495. gbgss63.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 63.
496. gbgss64.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 64.
497. gbgss65.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 65.
498. gbgss66.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 66.
499. gbgss67.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 67.
500. gbgss68.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 68.
501. gbgss69.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 69.
502. gbgss70.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 70.
503. gbgss71.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 71.
504. gbgss72.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 72.
505. gbgss73.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 73.
506. gbgss74.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 74.
507. gbgss75.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 75.
508. gbgss76.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 76.
509. gbgss77.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 77.
510. gbgss78.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 78.
511. gbgss79.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 79.
512. gbgss80.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 80.
513. gbgss81.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 81.
514. gbgss82.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 82.
515. gbgss83.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 83.
516. gbgss84.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 84.
517. gbgss85.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 85.
518. gbgss86.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 86.
519. gbgss87.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 87.
520. gbgss88.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 88.
521. gbgss89.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 89.
522. gbgss90.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 90.
523. gbgss91.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 91.
524. gbgss92.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 92.
525. gbgss93.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 93.
526. gbgss94.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 94.
527. gbgss95.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 95.
528. gbgss96.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 96.
529. gbgss97.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 97.
530. gbgss98.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 98.
531. gbgss99.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 99.
532. gbgss100.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 100.
533. gbgss101.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 101.
534. gbgss102.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 102.
535. gbgss103.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 103.
536. gbgss104.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 104.
537. gbhtg1.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 1.
538. gbhtg2.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 2.
539. gbhtg3.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 3.
540. gbhtg4.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 4.
541. gbhtg5.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 5.
542. gbhtg6.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 6.
543. gbhtg7.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 7.
544. gbhtg8.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 8.
545. gbhtg9.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 9.
546. gbhtg10.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 10.
547. gbhtg11.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 11.
548. gbhtg12.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 12.
549. gbhtg13.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 13.
550. gbhtg14.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 14.
551. gbhtg15.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 15.
552. gbhtg16.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 16.
553. gbhtg17.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 17.
554. gbhtg18.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 18.
555. gbhtg19.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 19.
556. gbhtg20.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 20.
557. gbhtg21.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 21.
558. gbhtg22.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 22.
559. gbhtg23.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 23.
560. gbhtg24.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 24.
561. gbhtg25.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 25.
562. gbhtg26.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 26.
563. gbhtg27.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 27.
564. gbhtg28.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 28.
565. gbhtg29.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 29.
566. gbhtg30.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 30.
567. gbhtg31.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 31.
568. gbhtg32.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 32.
569. gbhtg33.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 33.
570. gbhtg34.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 34.
571. gbhtg35.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 35.
572. gbhtg36.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 36.
573. gbhtg37.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 37.
574. gbhtg38.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 38.
575. gbhtg39.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 39.
576. gbhtg40.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 40.
577. gbhtg41.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 41.
578. gbhtg42.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 42.
579. gbhtg43.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 43.
580. gbhtg44.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 44.
581. gbhtg45.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 45.
582. gbhtg46.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 46.
583. gbhtg47.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 47.
584. gbhtg48.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 48.
585. gbhtg49.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 49.
586. gbhtg50.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 50.
587. gbhtg51.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 51.
588. gbhtg52.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 52.
589. gbhtg53.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 53.
590. gbhtg54.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 54.
591. gbhtg55.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 55.
592. gbhtg56.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 56.
593. gbhtg57.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 57.
594. gbhtg58.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 58.
595. gbhtg59.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 59.
596. gbhtg60.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 60.
597. gbhtg61.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 61.
598. gbhtg62.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 62.
599. gbhtc1.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 1.
600. gbhtc2.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 2.
601. gbhtc3.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 3.
602. gbhtc4.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 4.
603. gbcon.seq - CON division entries (see description below for details)
604. gbchg.txt - Accession numbers of entries updated since the previous release.
605. gbdel.txt - Accession numbers of entries deleted since the previous release.
606. gbnew.txt - Accession numbers of entries new since the previous release.
The gbcon.seq data file provides an alternative representation for complex
sequences, such as segmented sets and complete-genomes that have been split
into pieces. These "CON" records do not contain sequence data; they utilize
a CONTIG linetype with a join() statement which describes how the component
sequences can be assembled to form the larger sequence. The contents of the
CON division are not reflected in the 'index', 'new', 'chg', and 'del' files
that accompany GenBank releases, nor in release statistics (Sections 2.2.6,
2.2.7, and 2.2.8). The GenBank README describes the CON division of GenBank
in more detail:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/README.genbank
2.2.5 File Sizes
Uncompressed, the Release 141.0 flatfiles require roughly 131 GB (sequence
files only) or 146 GB (including the 'short directory', 'index' and the
*.txt files). The following table contains the approximate sizes of the
individual files in this release. Since minor changes to some of the files
might have occurred after these release notes were written, these sizes should
not be used to determine file integrity; they are provided as an aid to
planning only.
File Size File Name
513882844 gbaut1.idx
512257085 gbaut10.idx
501164760 gbaut11.idx
505560228 gbaut12.idx
500714132 gbaut13.idx
503369508 gbaut14.idx
512404667 gbaut15.idx
500149929 gbaut16.idx
516908147 gbaut17.idx
500146129 gbaut18.idx
516610714 gbaut19.idx
510514446 gbaut2.idx
529743654 gbaut20.idx
555148294 gbaut21.idx
515096854 gbaut22.idx
505803098 gbaut23.idx
26280379 gbaut24.idx
517134914 gbaut3.idx
500548891 gbaut4.idx
500355927 gbaut5.idx
518523661 gbaut6.idx
504179105 gbaut7.idx
501060304 gbaut8.idx
500114307 gbaut9.idx
250025490 gbbct1.seq
250463339 gbbct2.seq
250007827 gbbct3.seq
250016044 gbbct4.seq
250376158 gbbct5.seq
250017589 gbbct6.seq
250000520 gbbct7.seq
250395721 gbbct8.seq
60695386 gbbct9.seq
8450766 gbchg.txt
498243850 gbcon.seq
144697 gbdel.txt
230689132 gbest1.seq
230688600 gbest10.seq
230688213 gbest100.seq
230688910 gbest101.seq
230690604 gbest102.seq
230691490 gbest103.seq
230688561 gbest104.seq
230688060 gbest105.seq
230687747 gbest106.seq
230669514 gbest107.seq
230688353 gbest108.seq
230689113 gbest109.seq
230689016 gbest11.seq
230689329 gbest110.seq
230689164 gbest111.seq
230687797 gbest112.seq
230691182 gbest113.seq
230689065 gbest114.seq
230690444 gbest115.seq
230688965 gbest116.seq
230688405 gbest117.seq
230688260 gbest118.seq
230687792 gbest119.seq
230688477 gbest12.seq
230688569 gbest120.seq
230688779 gbest121.seq
230688395 gbest122.seq
230688714 gbest123.seq
230687871 gbest124.seq
230688818 gbest125.seq
230688497 gbest126.seq
230691048 gbest127.seq
230687983 gbest128.seq
230690329 gbest129.seq
230689137 gbest13.seq
230688143 gbest130.seq
230687461 gbest131.seq
230689165 gbest132.seq
230689785 gbest133.seq
230690708 gbest134.seq
230689069 gbest135.seq
230689132 gbest136.seq
230688909 gbest137.seq
230688609 gbest138.seq
230688932 gbest139.seq
230690072 gbest14.seq
230688379 gbest140.seq
230687681 gbest141.seq
230688944 gbest142.seq
230688192 gbest143.seq
230689355 gbest144.seq
230690772 gbest145.seq
230690148 gbest146.seq
230690917 gbest147.seq
230691150 gbest148.seq
230691649 gbest149.seq
230689626 gbest15.seq
230690622 gbest150.seq
230689946 gbest151.seq
230689133 gbest152.seq
230691378 gbest153.seq
230687981 gbest154.seq
230690041 gbest155.seq
230687687 gbest156.seq
230688013 gbest157.seq
230689178 gbest158.seq
230688714 gbest159.seq
230687779 gbest16.seq
230688109 gbest160.seq
230688420 gbest161.seq
230688142 gbest162.seq
230689804 gbest163.seq
230690468 gbest164.seq
230689850 gbest165.seq
227669967 gbest166.seq
230690611 gbest167.seq
230687625 gbest168.seq
230687951 gbest169.seq
230689706 gbest17.seq
230688537 gbest170.seq
230687615 gbest171.seq
230689498 gbest172.seq
230690517 gbest173.seq
230688502 gbest174.seq
230687534 gbest175.seq
230690053 gbest176.seq
230688262 gbest177.seq
230688583 gbest178.seq
230690318 gbest179.seq
230687816 gbest18.seq
230687682 gbest180.seq
230688687 gbest181.seq
230688577 gbest182.seq
230688539 gbest183.seq
230688816 gbest184.seq
230690563 gbest185.seq
230687503 gbest186.seq
230688433 gbest187.seq
230688819 gbest188.seq
230688095 gbest189.seq
230688264 gbest19.seq
230687950 gbest190.seq
230689290 gbest191.seq
230688681 gbest192.seq
230687442 gbest193.seq
230689353 gbest194.seq
230690254 gbest195.seq
230688449 gbest196.seq
230688196 gbest197.seq
230688741 gbest198.seq
230689436 gbest199.seq
230689481 gbest2.seq
230688879 gbest20.seq
230690352 gbest200.seq
164810549 gbest201.seq
162336548 gbest202.seq
166958741 gbest203.seq
169378856 gbest204.seq
169855836 gbest205.seq
164371501 gbest206.seq
165222725 gbest207.seq
164569490 gbest208.seq
164547307 gbest209.seq
230690940 gbest21.seq
164655124 gbest210.seq
164470735 gbest211.seq
163973704 gbest212.seq
164359476 gbest213.seq
167282301 gbest214.seq
161946596 gbest215.seq
164288398 gbest216.seq
168835589 gbest217.seq
167164948 gbest218.seq
165803073 gbest219.seq
230688447 gbest22.seq
165869335 gbest220.seq
165539709 gbest221.seq
165174155 gbest222.seq
164374966 gbest223.seq
164470393 gbest224.seq
165644643 gbest225.seq
169022898 gbest226.seq
179416568 gbest227.seq
171192084 gbest228.seq
210764417 gbest229.seq
230688214 gbest23.seq
230689816 gbest230.seq
230688862 gbest231.seq
230688715 gbest232.seq
230690836 gbest233.seq
230689832 gbest234.seq
230687703 gbest235.seq
230687702 gbest236.seq
230688741 gbest237.seq
230687502 gbest238.seq
230689258 gbest239.seq
230691191 gbest24.seq
230690884 gbest240.seq
230688247 gbest241.seq
230688673 gbest242.seq
230690243 gbest243.seq
230688489 gbest244.seq
230690081 gbest245.seq
230689751 gbest246.seq
230691679 gbest247.seq
230690634 gbest248.seq
230689314 gbest249.seq
230688407 gbest25.seq
230690334 gbest250.seq
230688716 gbest251.seq
230688462 gbest252.seq
230689012 gbest253.seq
230687544 gbest254.seq
230687759 gbest255.seq
230689732 gbest256.seq
227419932 gbest257.seq
207722530 gbest258.seq
230687598 gbest259.seq
230687615 gbest26.seq
230689168 gbest260.seq
230688171 gbest261.seq
230690073 gbest262.seq
230688093 gbest263.seq
230689346 gbest264.seq
230689044 gbest265.seq
230689678 gbest266.seq
230688913 gbest267.seq
230687468 gbest268.seq
230687461 gbest269.seq
230688184 gbest27.seq
230687516 gbest270.seq
230690851 gbest271.seq
230688532 gbest272.seq
230690296 gbest273.seq
230690347 gbest274.seq
230690259 gbest275.seq
230690710 gbest276.seq
230689768 gbest277.seq
230689262 gbest278.seq
230690051 gbest279.seq
230688178 gbest28.seq
230688535 gbest280.seq
230689343 gbest281.seq
230689123 gbest282.seq
230688565 gbest283.seq
230688491 gbest284.seq
230691545 gbest285.seq
230690230 gbest286.seq
184615967 gbest287.seq
184378571 gbest288.seq
230690174 gbest289.seq
230689794 gbest29.seq
230688005 gbest290.seq
230690204 gbest291.seq
230688725 gbest292.seq
230689852 gbest293.seq
230687508 gbest294.seq
230689023 gbest295.seq
230690848 gbest296.seq
230687857 gbest297.seq
230690564 gbest298.seq
230689203 gbest299.seq
230689555 gbest3.seq
230690417 gbest30.seq
230689851 gbest300.seq
230689051 gbest301.seq
230688860 gbest302.seq
219021481 gbest303.seq
230688785 gbest304.seq
176837644 gbest305.seq
230689032 gbest31.seq
230687821 gbest32.seq
230688574 gbest33.seq
230689968 gbest34.seq
230687920 gbest35.seq
221995418 gbest36.seq
191042773 gbest37.seq
190697914 gbest38.seq
215923724 gbest39.seq
230687893 gbest4.seq
216098041 gbest40.seq
215815841 gbest41.seq
216864975 gbest42.seq
230688035 gbest43.seq
230687689 gbest44.seq
223808813 gbest45.seq
230687649 gbest46.seq
230689136 gbest47.seq
230688585 gbest48.seq
230690225 gbest49.seq
163953101 gbest5.seq
230690364 gbest50.seq
230687746 gbest51.seq
230690044 gbest52.seq
230688441 gbest53.seq
230687676 gbest54.seq
230688022 gbest55.seq
230689463 gbest56.seq
230687956 gbest57.seq
230688555 gbest58.seq
230689537 gbest59.seq
180514745 gbest6.seq
230688790 gbest60.seq
230688086 gbest61.seq
209653200 gbest62.seq
209362905 gbest63.seq
208398221 gbest64.seq
209128279 gbest65.seq
209977516 gbest66.seq
209946436 gbest67.seq
208772475 gbest68.seq
209078061 gbest69.seq
230687546 gbest7.seq
210271086 gbest70.seq
207534371 gbest71.seq
205694152 gbest72.seq
208110011 gbest73.seq
208519258 gbest74.seq
212957909 gbest75.seq
227951142 gbest76.seq
230692158 gbest77.seq
230691676 gbest78.seq
219423491 gbest79.seq
230689300 gbest8.seq
214638531 gbest80.seq
215114648 gbest81.seq
230690656 gbest82.seq
230689563 gbest83.seq
230690042 gbest84.seq
230690026 gbest85.seq
230687493 gbest86.seq
230689278 gbest87.seq
230688738 gbest88.seq
230691709 gbest89.seq
230687459 gbest9.seq
230689736 gbest90.seq
230689404 gbest91.seq
230688797 gbest92.seq
230688462 gbest93.seq
230690718 gbest94.seq
230689630 gbest95.seq
230688799 gbest96.seq
230689929 gbest97.seq
230691892 gbest98.seq
230687769 gbest99.seq
36642213 gbgen.idx
230688468 gbgss1.seq
230688594 gbgss10.seq
250003137 gbgss100.seq
250002153 gbgss101.seq
250000284 gbgss102.seq
250001629 gbgss103.seq
146198883 gbgss104.seq
230690231 gbgss11.seq
230688049 gbgss12.seq
230688060 gbgss13.seq
230690464 gbgss14.seq
230689178 gbgss15.seq
230688931 gbgss16.seq
230690055 gbgss17.seq
230689716 gbgss18.seq
230687808 gbgss19.seq
230687986 gbgss2.seq
230688507 gbgss20.seq
230690195 gbgss21.seq
230688170 gbgss22.seq
230690877 gbgss23.seq
230688926 gbgss24.seq
230690657 gbgss25.seq
230687752 gbgss26.seq
230688278 gbgss27.seq
230688487 gbgss28.seq
230689222 gbgss29.seq
230687901 gbgss3.seq
230690030 gbgss30.seq
230690523 gbgss31.seq
230689357 gbgss32.seq
230687569 gbgss33.seq
230688284 gbgss34.seq
230688738 gbgss35.seq
230688779 gbgss36.seq
230689596 gbgss37.seq
230688131 gbgss38.seq
230689951 gbgss39.seq
230687845 gbgss4.seq
230688903 gbgss40.seq
230689412 gbgss41.seq
230688702 gbgss42.seq
230688182 gbgss43.seq
230688752 gbgss44.seq
230689300 gbgss45.seq
230690541 gbgss46.seq
230688903 gbgss47.seq
230689371 gbgss48.seq
230688713 gbgss49.seq
230687801 gbgss5.seq
230687577 gbgss50.seq
230689004 gbgss51.seq
230690474 gbgss52.seq
230688758 gbgss53.seq
230689025 gbgss54.seq
230689107 gbgss55.seq
230687469 gbgss56.seq
230691195 gbgss57.seq
230688345 gbgss58.seq
230688388 gbgss59.seq
230690143 gbgss6.seq
230688115 gbgss60.seq
230150324 gbgss61.seq
230688601 gbgss62.seq
230689772 gbgss63.seq
230688278 gbgss64.seq
230689359 gbgss65.seq
230689830 gbgss66.seq
230689418 gbgss67.seq
230688411 gbgss68.seq
230687443 gbgss69.seq
230687660 gbgss7.seq
230688993 gbgss70.seq
230688061 gbgss71.seq
230688576 gbgss72.seq
230687875 gbgss73.seq
230687627 gbgss74.seq
230690040 gbgss75.seq
230689739 gbgss76.seq
230689698 gbgss77.seq
230689670 gbgss78.seq
230689023 gbgss79.seq
230690622 gbgss8.seq
205561621 gbgss80.seq
193687371 gbgss81.seq
213348361 gbgss82.seq
230687454 gbgss83.seq
230688125 gbgss84.seq
230688776 gbgss85.seq
230688598 gbgss86.seq
230689724 gbgss87.seq
230687877 gbgss88.seq
230687624 gbgss89.seq
230689742 gbgss9.seq
230689190 gbgss90.seq
183352258 gbgss91.seq
250001169 gbgss92.seq
250003446 gbgss93.seq
250000249 gbgss94.seq
250003584 gbgss95.seq
250000501 gbgss96.seq
250001483 gbgss97.seq
250003161 gbgss98.seq
250003271 gbgss99.seq
250000146 gbhtc1.seq
250002208 gbhtc2.seq
250001993 gbhtc3.seq
87672193 gbhtc4.seq
250031053 gbhtg1.seq
250065851 gbhtg10.seq
250165701 gbhtg11.seq
250360427 gbhtg12.seq
250013522 gbhtg13.seq
250051118 gbhtg14.seq
250131121 gbhtg15.seq
250030841 gbhtg16.seq
250118117 gbhtg17.seq
250027073 gbhtg18.seq
250198012 gbhtg19.seq
250076632 gbhtg2.seq
250221022 gbhtg20.seq
250045698 gbhtg21.seq
250149110 gbhtg22.seq
250229435 gbhtg23.seq
250096817 gbhtg24.seq
250233376 gbhtg25.seq
250311569 gbhtg26.seq
250096801 gbhtg27.seq
250156579 gbhtg28.seq
250007296 gbhtg29.seq
250112585 gbhtg3.seq
250152104 gbhtg30.seq
250268811 gbhtg31.seq
250163180 gbhtg32.seq
250267099 gbhtg33.seq
250203490 gbhtg34.seq
250015785 gbhtg35.seq
250104274 gbhtg36.seq
250330702 gbhtg37.seq
250218222 gbhtg38.seq
250079944 gbhtg39.seq
250101808 gbhtg4.seq
250099153 gbhtg40.seq
250183738 gbhtg41.seq
250070337 gbhtg42.seq
250106239 gbhtg43.seq
250203892 gbhtg44.seq
250113982 gbhtg45.seq
250071248 gbhtg46.seq
250034938 gbhtg47.seq
250146169 gbhtg48.seq
250241850 gbhtg49.seq
250136292 gbhtg5.seq
250066714 gbhtg50.seq
250200812 gbhtg51.seq
250025042 gbhtg52.seq
250135546 gbhtg53.seq
250028285 gbhtg54.seq
250259572 gbhtg55.seq
250137544 gbhtg56.seq
250040063 gbhtg57.seq
250037398 gbhtg58.seq
250227371 gbhtg59.seq
250227582 gbhtg6.seq
250136131 gbhtg60.seq
250220245 gbhtg61.seq
136235551 gbhtg62.seq
250193694 gbhtg7.seq
250022568 gbhtg8.seq
250003034 gbhtg9.seq
250048005 gbinv1.seq
250384831 gbinv2.seq
250001101 gbinv3.seq
250001291 gbinv4.seq
250007679 gbinv5.seq
179519275 gbinv6.seq
736640507 gbkey.idx
216590760 gbmam.seq
17597540 gbnew.txt
250000083 gbpat1.seq
250000118 gbpat10.seq
250000626 gbpat11.seq
250001108 gbpat12.seq
250000612 gbpat13.seq
250000998 gbpat14.seq
103598145 gbpat15.seq
250003540 gbpat2.seq
250000109 gbpat3.seq
250001280 gbpat4.seq
250000628 gbpat5.seq
250087373 gbpat6.seq
250001090 gbpat7.seq
250000056 gbpat8.seq
250005825 gbpat9.seq
31720263 gbphg.seq
250079845 gbpln1.seq
250005482 gbpln10.seq
129923553 gbpln11.seq
250000070 gbpln2.seq
250001932 gbpln3.seq
250002179 gbpln4.seq
250189803 gbpln5.seq
250040689 gbpln6.seq
250007231 gbpln7.seq
250002640 gbpln8.seq
250000344 gbpln9.seq
250110458 gbpri1.seq
250194025 gbpri10.seq
250037336 gbpri11.seq
250146834 gbpri12.seq
250139900 gbpri13.seq
250200986 gbpri14.seq
250164485 gbpri15.seq
250004334 gbpri16.seq
250066393 gbpri17.seq
250079534 gbpri18.seq
250004032 gbpri19.seq
250124055 gbpri2.seq
250074565 gbpri20.seq
250004421 gbpri21.seq
250007375 gbpri22.seq
250183685 gbpri23.seq
250118924 gbpri24.seq
250010725 gbpri25.seq
250041202 gbpri26.seq
205488618 gbpri27.seq
250077510 gbpri3.seq
250084741 gbpri4.seq
250059996 gbpri5.seq
250007565 gbpri6.seq
250064463 gbpri7.seq
250083179 gbpri8.seq
250183270 gbpri9.seq
163450 gbrel.txt
250081284 gbrod1.seq
250001542 gbrod10.seq
250001350 gbrod11.seq
121144436 gbrod12.seq
250124866 gbrod2.seq
250168999 gbrod3.seq
250073679 gbrod4.seq
250110595 gbrod5.seq
250078994 gbrod6.seq
250113363 gbrod7.seq
250025415 gbrod8.seq
250035509 gbrod9.seq
1519080 gbsec.idx
250000402 gbsts1.seq
250000459 gbsts2.seq
250001851 gbsts3.seq
144331870 gbsts4.seq
51095307 gbsyn.seq
3034419 gbuna.seq
250000932 gbvrl1.seq
250011072 gbvrl2.seq
250006684 gbvrl3.seq
29071601 gbvrl4.seq
250040724 gbvrt1.seq
250001379 gbvrt2.seq
250001559 gbvrt3.seq
250120232 gbvrt4.seq
250002886 gbvrt5.seq
51577325 gbvrt6.seq
2.2.6 Per-Division Statistics
The following table provides a per-division breakdown of the number of
sequence entries and the total number of bases of DNA/RNA in each non-WGS
sequence data file:
Division Entries Bases
BCT1 28123 98545992
BCT2 8577 106634015
BCT3 3751 112968395
BCT4 67453 86975237
BCT5 3710 111452260
BCT6 67874 86205681
BCT7 10717 99291807
BCT8 38882 91696595
BCT9 15587 20574386
EST1 68591 26476165
EST10 76948 29968463
EST100 71665 31543205
EST101 71014 30520490
EST102 65969 37039370
EST103 68369 37384755
EST104 69522 45641522
EST105 74447 31465451
EST106 75556 35114360
EST107 75120 27447128
EST108 74325 35725398
EST109 71703 35112894
EST11 76417 28993121
EST110 71330 41253970
EST111 80436 44870921
EST112 76690 47691405
EST113 67994 41776581
EST114 68463 44059137
EST115 73752 48502292
EST116 71784 43989972
EST117 74882 42785918
EST118 75059 47029416
EST119 74490 49989227
EST12 77097 30819336
EST120 72245 49633962
EST121 79702 39919760
EST122 76405 29918866
EST123 79080 43576400
EST124 78397 42386738
EST125 76405 45991991
EST126 62171 30365089
EST127 71637 37297168
EST128 66939 38797134
EST129 68797 37492631
EST13 77755 29954812
EST130 71249 43687241
EST131 73630 46901188
EST132 67553 38991284
EST133 73452 41846700
EST134 69505 40332548
EST135 62266 39396318
EST136 83502 45409607
EST137 99189 55697608
EST138 65654 34815858
EST139 106720 56771660
EST14 80003 32109997
EST140 110858 59089943
EST141 99403 55273176
EST142 76431 45807992
EST143 90057 55798841
EST144 70374 41123193
EST145 66208 31555910
EST146 62726 28475429
EST147 56809 27089667
EST148 63681 31503406
EST149 55019 27711050
EST15 73059 30969486
EST150 78432 51170509
EST151 68718 38961625
EST152 72920 52771811
EST153 73316 41799887
EST154 61019 30666347
EST155 65012 38834062
EST156 66825 32806541
EST157 64005 46243709
EST158 65939 37981412
EST159 102018 47177069
EST16 75614 33241716
EST160 86124 52879116
EST161 76437 41564295
EST162 65215 44596202
EST163 71430 39047551
EST164 58171 41378104
EST165 69661 34225947
EST166 73753 26004567
EST167 73031 47023249
EST168 81238 40888991
EST169 64495 32376636
EST17 84024 34385713
EST170 69597 42203647
EST171 69002 54158040
EST172 69345 37308513
EST173 68210 37075364
EST174 71032 57991113
EST175 68305 38392990
EST176 72546 36816357
EST177 70012 55535394
EST178 68870 54198722
EST179 64283 47159126
EST18 80465 32530661
EST180 64040 47061752
EST181 64596 47149679
EST182 64842 45199967
EST183 64387 48234764
EST184 64563 41289437
EST185 63713 34521085
EST186 65127 38450866
EST187 81598 42110474
EST188 84197 55736285
EST189 69792 42380930
EST19 81046 33620740
EST190 101593 63335636
EST191 107660 65917968
EST192 109189 64339664
EST193 73626 42191511
EST194 70508 47851533
EST195 67566 68392431
EST196 74790 59254615
EST197 78022 40162908
EST198 78706 48202850
EST199 72457 51949573
EST2 75366 28937064
EST20 73045 29266506
EST200 71699 45829927
EST201 27607 10303396
EST202 27912 10542344
EST203 27158 10094208
EST204 26743 9675908
EST205 26724 9107996
EST206 27541 10060574
EST207 27259 9789864
EST208 27299 9903197
EST209 27298 11076703
EST21 73199 34152455
EST210 27212 11801149
EST211 27282 10961440
EST212 27509 9765426
EST213 27502 8970351
EST214 27142 10285638
EST215 27968 11130347
EST216 27642 11023051
EST217 26805 11411547
EST218 26821 12233414
EST219 27192 10716462
EST22 76982 30638614
EST220 27075 11091474
EST221 27094 12006211
EST222 27268 11443580
EST223 27336 10771043
EST224 27315 10944416
EST225 27187 10369306
EST226 26564 13445981
EST227 24736 17108758
EST228 26023 17532689
EST229 77673 27840138
EST23 77235 32112111
EST230 93473 41158561
EST231 73317 46433227
EST232 70078 45274922
EST233 69984 44808347
EST234 68490 42683204
EST235 78777 44822963
EST236 65561 42193955
EST237 70382 46569062
EST238 57502 28503296
EST239 102245 48179255
EST24 75848 34319304
EST240 88553 44502657
EST241 72371 40147971
EST242 61844 30050998
EST243 70966 44970898
EST244 71670 34777551
EST245 71841 33871817
EST246 73908 45598081
EST247 65619 36326526
EST248 67767 39255306
EST249 76567 38166561
EST25 72717 30938632
EST250 84268 47322922
EST251 81771 54165574
EST252 78891 55891936
EST253 114136 49914052
EST254 82917 43221843
EST255 73383 46356132
EST256 73727 39286867
EST257 72629 38110099
EST258 69707 27351462
EST259 69348 41584011
EST26 76580 31558803
EST260 62736 35065055
EST261 67239 42693541
EST262 71616 41109936
EST263 64970 44548140
EST264 64497 32665638
EST265 82271 44088672
EST266 82552 45429647
EST267 97665 54959712
EST268 117582 49419487
EST269 95433 41994097
EST27 78822 34742849
EST270 65999 36118701
EST271 71458 44033730
EST272 81524 44097609
EST273 74018 39432906
EST274 70998 45104304
EST275 63790 36648555
EST276 62130 37398503
EST277 50154 28410469
EST278 67126 40440603
EST279 75785 44643189
EST28 107620 51699020
EST280 65953 38502493
EST281 69964 44268249
EST282 70300 49067023
EST283 66113 50698475
EST284 58879 43845442
EST285 60564 31874318
EST286 74595 50803834
EST287 62682 36505622
EST288 58838 29097238
EST289 70638 40543471
EST29 70094 44673055
EST290 55326 27800385
EST291 68327 40456051
EST292 69479 41870512
EST293 82687 42359369
EST294 71740 45256380
EST295 73150 41929492
EST296 63274 43879694
EST297 75903 49191423
EST298 102049 35506390
EST299 70408 25867143
EST3 74213 30128080
EST30 72791 57568403
EST300 73454 27384626
EST301 74648 26374745
EST302 76435 27426416
EST303 73393 25230719
EST304 71839 29556764
EST305 58875 21691974
EST31 85716 48786351
EST32 84220 43409878
EST33 94712 46177831
EST34 99842 49198737
EST35 99639 49308017
EST36 92192 34817347
EST37 69401 18504343
EST38 69230 18564310
EST39 62753 19143844
EST4 74631 28188475
EST40 43593 11908060
EST41 43246 11948918
EST42 43107 11426293
EST43 78314 31952233
EST44 95625 43577644
EST45 91781 46771468
EST46 89520 41675756
EST47 103305 53180830
EST48 98951 49959812
EST49 78476 34064721
EST5 48531 15367560
EST50 66078 28683809
EST51 73700 32483609
EST52 70667 29920087
EST53 83637 33553198
EST54 74512 29832246
EST55 69925 28365231
EST56 65964 29596073
EST57 76950 35413532
EST58 75253 33376150
EST59 75398 28758369
EST6 56332 18258994
EST60 78570 28845719
EST61 80600 37183265
EST62 40296 11501073
EST63 40266 11045971
EST64 40323 12530446
EST65 40626 12633979
EST66 40667 12282692
EST67 40570 12828295
EST68 40513 12744601
EST69 40478 12135476
EST7 74707 29422353
EST70 40292 12165601
EST71 41084 12656270
EST72 41468 11981293
EST73 41235 13080646
EST74 41049 13148912
EST75 42995 12737672
EST76 44401 17510887
EST77 40403 25297666
EST78 42472 19507590
EST79 48766 19934444
EST8 76830 30879168
EST80 51043 22175757
EST81 50958 21869796
EST82 69985 31742023
EST83 73338 28101311
EST84 74475 29240221
EST85 75929 42041709
EST86 78333 40951028
EST87 76844 43493890
EST88 77068 34969632
EST89 73946 43521782
EST9 77951 30110222
EST90 72580 36862265
EST91 74378 38709316
EST92 72550 38470130
EST93 76734 43003035
EST94 70300 40441219
EST95 69733 36434612
EST96 73828 35201861
EST97 72333 47655227
EST98 71270 43609704
EST99 73187 44064149
GSS1 91487 39178813
GSS10 75816 44130824
GSS100 69259 59443198
GSS101 63148 60850247
GSS102 89043 60465942
GSS103 105756 52805753
GSS104 58091 26262741
GSS11 69173 35579720
GSS12 74399 38991314
GSS13 74973 37670937
GSS14 72504 32438868
GSS15 73588 37366804
GSS16 75295 43830973
GSS17 70273 32347962
GSS18 57512 29349740
GSS19 57689 28842361
GSS2 89911 39770582
GSS20 58964 25524048
GSS21 63584 38705080
GSS22 63504 29994254
GSS23 58833 29910103
GSS24 72199 43164914
GSS25 63146 24485224
GSS26 58276 27277917
GSS27 74965 35059135
GSS28 56768 31099688
GSS29 91013 43132177
GSS3 88258 42112413
GSS30 78079 40680816
GSS31 74185 43644302
GSS32 71246 43896250
GSS33 81466 39862027
GSS34 76550 40893595
GSS35 81755 47386470
GSS36 94348 62695532
GSS37 90068 50978949
GSS38 94365 58100582
GSS39 83659 37345151
GSS4 79835 41569189
GSS40 86926 36330809
GSS41 82191 50050273
GSS42 81083 57578884
GSS43 74888 51424628
GSS44 72788 48095851
GSS45 73018 47739228
GSS46 80940 39521156
GSS47 83835 52868602
GSS48 92005 64540499
GSS49 80662 60382736
GSS5 79679 41076797
GSS50 93451 56896048
GSS51 89074 58219245
GSS52 79267 47963394
GSS53 72994 37704011
GSS54 88300 52490811
GSS55 88154 55378037
GSS56 79873 62769914
GSS57 72104 79164504
GSS58 84263 70879420
GSS59 91781 63716107
GSS6 78381 39036861
GSS60 65010 44087849
GSS61 64840 44888603
GSS62 89664 66727811
GSS63 87081 60916578
GSS64 87282 53319109
GSS65 88562 57673969
GSS66 96593 59484352
GSS67 101135 54425200
GSS68 100871 54757820
GSS69 101691 53722581
GSS7 77255 39700569
GSS70 102836 52276924
GSS71 102730 52410218
GSS72 102840 52271872
GSS73 102520 52674788
GSS74 100000 55835611
GSS75 90312 69244676
GSS76 89846 70764959
GSS77 88508 69924890
GSS78 88106 69873722
GSS79 89722 63071554
GSS8 77182 38154928
GSS80 83660 30763768
GSS81 78990 24738353
GSS82 86995 35360343
GSS83 83039 48805060
GSS84 81040 48108264
GSS85 89654 64354453
GSS86 79359 61816689
GSS87 77803 79551057
GSS88 78673 58276988
GSS89 91634 54715529
GSS9 72967 37474282
GSS90 87463 55894864
GSS91 55170 48045989
GSS92 88249 65635323
GSS93 84796 63614290
GSS94 102593 47100730
GSS95 72715 38000665
GSS96 107298 71453614
GSS97 80695 33901429
GSS98 82146 66245103
GSS99 69685 58515848
HTC1 32052 55423415
HTC2 31834 67306459
HTC3 86989 78877609
HTC4 20599 25109508
HTG1 1329 190539921
HTG10 1250 189137819
HTG11 1414 187475639
HTG12 941 192510909
HTG13 751 192411974
HTG14 742 192448580
HTG15 772 192447610
HTG16 801 192211567
HTG17 777 192480680
HTG18 1696 183382259
HTG19 1286 187515856
HTG2 2574 188255669
HTG20 894 191596050
HTG21 1192 188817472
HTG22 830 191925517
HTG23 888 191654829
HTG24 894 191720564
HTG25 899 191669043
HTG26 826 192092436
HTG27 774 192345500
HTG28 880 191897496
HTG29 903 191702499
HTG3 2486 188083456
HTG30 889 191572184
HTG31 981 191338043
HTG32 923 191406148
HTG33 959 191418299
HTG34 905 191668042
HTG35 914 191979210
HTG36 902 191635943
HTG37 971 191537061
HTG38 885 191867803
HTG39 864 191895998
HTG4 2520 189846766
HTG40 827 192071209
HTG41 898 191692612
HTG42 975 191181118
HTG43 920 192267398
HTG44 971 191454764
HTG45 1034 191032618
HTG46 1164 189664679
HTG47 1127 190507805
HTG48 1288 189942303
HTG49 1107 191596403
HTG5 1292 188352380
HTG50 1163 189512931
HTG51 1082 191852327
HTG52 1210 191334963
HTG53 1232 192270131
HTG54 1150 192198037
HTG55 1253 191837419
HTG56 1104 192235798
HTG57 1178 192056440
HTG58 1017 194267978
HTG59 993 194528597
HTG6 1289 188027005
HTG60 1034 193368237
HTG61 1144 192943889
HTG62 583 101493997
HTG7 1258 188207466
HTG8 1299 187619711
HTG9 1198 189462610
INV1 12650 169083200
INV2 1341 168092210
INV3 57206 92783816
INV4 71851 76858036
INV5 39975 107708016
INV6 31380 74688671
MAM 59260 81257081
PAT1 223010 70311462
PAT10 115474 49928869
PAT11 151064 55816553
PAT12 157532 78039378
PAT13 104805 119986478
PAT14 138729 87363024
PAT15 87569 25717234
PAT2 199672 89399435
PAT3 163448 93032470
PAT4 150598 86110983
PAT5 111844 116502160
PAT6 138603 95817011
PAT7 126352 99113626
PAT8 145278 56319562
PAT9 104005 62499785
PHG 2496 12447866
PLN1 27272 130743009
PLN10 41796 114098723
PLN11 22587 52599053
PLN2 2725 172903914
PLN3 77408 78791127
PLN4 58537 68059136
PLN5 24631 80856451
PLN6 1513 175709086
PLN7 38335 105664966
PLN8 68333 68472595
PLN9 55205 98559583
PRI1 17197 152297605
PRI10 1404 176132771
PRI11 1273 175507312
PRI12 1505 175284153
PRI13 1585 178660633
PRI14 1518 185174185
PRI15 32321 139515314
PRI16 39758 86437213
PRI17 6016 167985247
PRI18 1624 180650470
PRI19 1773 181547759
PRI2 1422 173312709
PRI20 2257 188786489
PRI21 1353 185683426
PRI22 41350 100473930
PRI23 22174 117774411
PRI24 13867 166882881
PRI25 44786 124202430
PRI26 28514 137051895
PRI27 50427 79601881
PRI3 1256 182209322
PRI4 1292 178131280
PRI5 1144 173711309
PRI6 1203 178812076
PRI7 1212 177340961
PRI8 1330 169492925
PRI9 1230 177708975
ROD1 7533 172454115
ROD10 25832 129338860
ROD11 25253 123617734
ROD12 32508 41858318
ROD2 877 174521970
ROD3 938 177945684
ROD4 970 180604009
ROD5 1004 181764218
ROD6 6213 177211317
ROD7 20729 159630753
ROD8 1214 193401753
ROD9 1234 194077379
STS1 88870 48159385
STS2 75218 30731465
STS3 86546 33766021
STS4 56871 26113211
SYN 11469 19561755
UNA 1270 556739
VRL1 73029 65365777
VRL2 73695 65075584
VRL3 73959 67784506
VRL4 6980 9563952
VRT1 64988 92605815
VRT2 14290 163707122
VRT3 77604 63689888
VRT4 28823 158067023
VRT5 22238 160693427
VRT6 16481 14684324
2.2.7 Selected Per-Organism Statistics
The following table provides the number of entries and bases of DNA/RNA for
the twenty most sequenced organisms in Release 141.0 (chloroplast and mitochon-
drial sequences not included, and Whole Genome Shotgun sequences not included) :
Entries Bases Species
7714277 10569756393 Homo sapiens
5564579 6450232821 Mus musculus
891457 5591143518 Rattus norvegicus
676851 1618827573 Danio rerio
2223532 1397639356 Zea mays
278603 721821674 Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)
371061 706193357 Drosophila melanogaster
640700 536996859 Gallus gallus
704721 523321096 Arabidopsis thaliana
897964 518559948 Canis familiaris
729430 445712196 Bos taurus
193036 417529842 Pan troglodytes
595900 403789999 Brassica oleracea
482771 387275543 Xenopus tropicalis
25638 348661468 Macaca mulatta
558768 306392981 Triticum aestivum
499314 294290804 Ciona intestinalis
311751 288184704 Medicago truncatula
448932 283857727 Xenopus laevis
238585 240828575 Caenorhabditis elegans
2.2.8 Growth of GenBank
The following table lists the number of bases and the number of sequence
records in each release of GenBank, beginning with Release 3 in 1982.
From 1982 to the present, the number of bases in GenBank has doubled
approximately every 14 months.
Release Date Base Pairs Entries
3 Dec 1982 680338 606
14 Nov 1983 2274029 2427
20 May 1984 3002088 3665
24 Sep 1984 3323270 4135
25 Oct 1984 3368765 4175
26 Nov 1984 3689752 4393
32 May 1985 4211931 4954
36 Sep 1985 5204420 5700
40 Feb 1986 5925429 6642
42 May 1986 6765476 7416
44 Aug 1986 8442357 8823
46 Nov 1986 9615371 9978
48 Feb 1987 10961380 10913
50 May 1987 13048473 12534
52 Aug 1987 14855145 14020
53 Sep 1987 15514776 14584
54 Dec 1987 16752872 15465
55 Mar 1988 19156002 17047
56 Jun 1988 20795279 18226
57 Sep 1988 22019698 19044
57.1 Oct 1988 23800000 20579
58 Dec 1988 24690876 21248
59 Mar 1989 26382491 22479
60 Jun 1989 31808784 26317
61 Sep 1989 34762585 28791
62 Dec 1989 37183950 31229
63 Mar 1990 40127752 33377
64 Jun 1990 42495893 35100
65 Sep 1990 49179285 39533
66 Dec 1990 51306092 41057
67 Mar 1991 55169276 43903
68 Jun 1991 65868799 51418
69 Sep 1991 71947426 55627
70 Dec 1991 77337678 58952
71 Mar 1992 83894652 65100
72 Jun 1992 92160761 71280
73 Sep 1992 101008486 78608
74 Dec 1992 120242234 97084
75 Feb 1993 126212259 106684
76 Apr 1993 129968355 111911
77 Jun 1993 138904393 120134
78 Aug 1993 147215633 131328
79 Oct 1993 157152442 143492
80 Dec 1993 163802597 150744
81 Feb 1994 173261500 162946
82 Apr 1994 180589455 169896
83 Jun 1994 191393939 182753
84 Aug 1994 201815802 196703
85 Oct 1994 217102462 215273
86 Dec 1994 230485928 237775
87 Feb 1995 248499214 269478
88 Apr 1995 286094556 352414
89 Jun 1995 318624568 425211
90 Aug 1995 353713490 492483
91 Oct 1995 384939485 555694
92 Dec 1995 425860958 620765
93 Feb 1996 463758833 685693
94 Apr 1996 499127741 744295
95 Jun 1996 551750920 835487
96 Aug 1996 602072354 920588
97 Oct 1996 651972984 1021211
98 Dec 1996 730552938 1114581
99 Feb 1997 786898138 1192505
100 Apr 1997 842864309 1274747
101 Jun 1997 966993087 1491069
102 Aug 1997 1053474516 1610848
103 Oct 1997 1160300687 1765847
104 Dec 1997 1258290513 1891953
105 Feb 1998 1372368913 2042325
106 Apr 1998 1502542306 2209232
107 Jun 1998 1622041465 2355928
108 Aug 1998 1797137713 2532359
109 Oct 1998 2008761784 2837897
110 Dec 1998 2162067871 3043729
111 Apr 1999 2569578208 3525418
112 Jun 1999 2974791993 4028171
113 Aug 1999 3400237391 4610118
114 Oct 1999 3841163011 4864570
115 Dec 1999 4653932745 5354511
116 Feb 2000 5805414935 5691170
117 Apr 2000 7376080723 6215002
118 Jun 2000 8604221980 7077491
119 Aug 2000 9545724824 8214339
120 Oct 2000 10335692655 9102634
121 Dec 2000 11101066288 10106023
122 Feb 2001 11720120326 10896781
123 Apr 2001 12418544023 11545572
124 Jun 2001 12973707065 12243766
125 Aug 2001 13543364296 12813516
126 Oct 2001 14396883064 13602262
127 Dec 2001 15849921438 14976310
128 Feb 2002 17089143893 15465325
129 Apr 2002 19072679701 16769983
130 Jun 2002 20648748345 17471130
131 Aug 2002 22616937182 18197119
132 Oct 2002 26525934656 19808101
133 Dec 2002 28507990166 22318883
134 Feb 2003 29358082791 23035823
135 Apr 2003 31099264455 24027936
136 Jun 2003 32528249295 25592865
137 Aug 2003 33865022251 27213748
138 Oct 2003 35599621471 29819397
139 Dec 2003 36553368485 30968418
140 Feb 2004 37893844733 32549400
141 Apr 2004 38989342565 33676218
The following table lists the number of bases and the number of sequence
records for WGS sequences processed at GenBank, beginning with Release 129.0
in April of 2002.
Release Date Base Pairs Entries
129 Apr 2002 692266338 172768
130 Jun 2002 3267608441 397502
131 Aug 2002 3848375582 427771
132 Oct 2002 3892435593 434224
133 Dec 2002 6702372564 597042
134 Feb 2003 6705740844 597345
135 Apr 2003 6897080355 596818
136 Jun 2003 6992663962 607155
137 Aug 2003 7144761762 593801
138 Oct 2003 8662242833 1683437
139 Dec 2003 14523454868 2547094
140 Feb 2004 22804145885 3188754
141 Apr 2004 24758556215 4112532
3. FILE FORMATS
The flat file examples included in this section, while not always from the
current release, are usually fairly recent. Any differences compared to the
actual records are the result of updates to the entries involved.
3.1 File Header Information
With the exception of the index files, gbcon.seq, and the lists of new,
changed, and deleted accession numbers, each of the 606 files of a GenBank
release begins with the same header, except for the first line, which
contains the file name, and the sixth line, which contains the title of
the file. The first line of the file contains the file name in character
positions 1 to 9 and the full database name (Genetic Sequence Data Bank,
aka 'GenBank') starting in column 22. The brief names of the files in this
release are listed in section 2.2.
The second line contains the date of the current release in the form
`day month year', beginning in position 27. The fourth line contains
the current GenBank release number. The release number appears in
positions 48 to 52 and consists of three numbers separated by a decimal
point. The number to the left of the decimal is the major release
number. The digit to the right of the decimal indicates the version of
the major release; it is zero for the first version. The sixth line
contains a title for the file. The eighth line lists the number of
entries (loci), number of bases (or base pairs), and number of reports
of sequences (equal to number of entries in this case). These numbers are
right-justified at fixed positions. The number of entries appears in
positions 1 to 8, the number of bases in positions 16 to 26, and the
number of reports in positions 40 to 47. The third, fifth, seventh, and
ninth lines are blank.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
GBBCT1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
15 April 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 141.0
Bacterial Sequences (Part 1)
37811 loci, 97585608 bases, from 37811 reported sequences
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 1. Sample File Header
3.2 Directory Files
3.2.1 Short Directory File
The short directory file contains brief descriptions of all of the
sequence entries contained in this release. These descriptions are in
fifteen groups, one group for each of the fifteen sequence entry
data files. The first record at the beginning of a group of entries
contains the name of the group in uppercase characters, beginning in
position 21. The organism groups are PRIMATE, RODENT, OTHER MAMMAL,
OTHER VERTEBRATE, INVERTEBRATE, PLANT, BACTERIAL, STRUCTURAL RNA, VIRAL,
PHAGE, SYNTHETIC, UNANNOTATED, EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG, PATENT, or
SEQUENCE TAGGED SITE. The second record is blank.
Each record in the short directory contains the sequence entry name
(LOCUS) in the first 12 positions, followed by a brief definition of
the sequence beginning in column 13. The definition is truncated (at
the end of a word) to leave room at the right margin for at least one
space, the sequence length, and the letters `bp'. The length of the
sequence is printed right-justified to column 77, followed by the
letters `bp' in columns 78 and 79. The next-to-last record for a group
has `ZZZZZZZZZZ' in its first ten positions (where the entry name
would normally appear). The last record is a blank line. An example of
the short directory file format, showing the descriptions of the last
entries in the Other Vertebrate sequence data file and the first
entries of the Invertebrate sequence data file, is reproduced below:
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
ZEFWNT1G3 B.rerio wnt-1 gene (exon 3) for wnt-1 protein. 266bp
ZEFWNT1G4 B.rerio wnt-1 gene (exon 4) for wnt-1 protein. 647bp
ZEFZF54 Zebrafish homeotic gene ZF-54. 246bp
ZEFZFEN Zebrafish engrailed-like homeobox sequence. 327bp
ZZZZZZZZZZ
INVERTEBRATE
AAHAV33A Acanthocheilonema viteae pepsin-inhibitor-like-protein 1048bp
ACAAC01 Acanthamoeba castelani gene encoding actin I. 1571bp
ACAACTPH Acanthamoeba castellanii actophorin mRNA, complete cds. 671bp
ACAMHCA A.castellanii non-muscle myosin heavy chain gene, partial 5894bp
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 2. Short Directory File
3.3 Index Files
There are six files containing indices to the entries in this release:
Accession number index file (Accession and Version)
Secondary accession number index file
Keyword phrase index file
Author name index file
Journal citation index file
Gene name index file
The index keys (accession numbers, keywords, authors, journals, and
gene symbols.) of an index are sorted alphabetically. All index keys
appear in uppercase characters even though they appear in mixed case
in the sequence entries. Following each index key, the identifiers of the
sequence entries containing that key are listed (LOCUS name,
division abbreviation, and primary accession number). The division
abbreviations are:
1. PRI - primate sequences
2. ROD - rodent sequences
3. MAM - other mammalian sequences
4. VRT - other vertebrate sequences
5. INV - invertebrate sequences
6. PLN - plant, fungal, and algal sequences
7. BCT - bacterial sequences
8. VRL - viral sequences
9. PHG - bacteriophage sequences
10. SYN - synthetic sequences
11. UNA - unannotated sequences
12. EST - EST sequences (expressed sequence tags)
13. PAT - patent sequences
14. STS - STS sequences (sequence tagged sites)
15. GSS - GSS sequences (genome survey sequences)
16. HTG - HTGS sequences (high throughput genomic sequences)
17. HTC - HTC sequences (high throughput cDNA sequences)
A line-oriented, TAB-delimited format is utilized for the gbaut.idx,
gbgen.idx, gbjou.idx, gbkey.idx, and gbsec.idx indexes. Each index
key is presented on its own line, and is followed by a
LOCUS/Division/Accession triplet for every record containing the key:
Indexed-Term
LOCUS-name1 Div-code1 Accession1
LOCUS-name2 Div-code2 Accession2
LOCUS-name3 Div-code3 Accession3
....
Here is an example of the format, in which TAB characters are displayed
as ^I, and carriage-returns/newlines as $ :
(H+,K+)-ATPASE BETA-SUBUNIT$
^IRATHKATPB^IROD^IM55655$
^IMUSATP4B1^IROD^IM64685$
^IMUSATP4B2^IROD^IM64686$
^IMUSATP4B3^IROD^IM64687$
^IMUSATP4B4^IROD^IM64688$
^IDOGATPASEB^IMAM^IM76486$
When viewed by a file browser such as 'less' or 'more' :
(H+,K+)-ATPASE BETA-SUBUNIT
RATHKATPB ROD M55655
MUSATP4B1 ROD M64685
MUSATP4B2 ROD M64686
MUSATP4B3 ROD M64687
MUSATP4B4 ROD M64688
DOGATPASEB MAM M76486
Note that the index keys can be distinguished from LOCUS/DIV/ACCESSION
by the fact that they do not start with a TAB character. So one can
extract just the terms via simple text-processing:
perl -ne 'print unless /^\s+/' < gbkey.idx > terms.gbkey
The format of the primary accession number index file is slightly
different, with each indexed key (Accession.Version) present on
the same line as the LOCUS/Division/Accession triplet:
Accession1.Version1 Locus-name1 Div-code1 Accession1
Accession2.Version2 Locus-name2 Div-code2 Accession2
....
Here is an example of the format, in which TAB characters are displayed
as ^I, and carriage-returns/newlines as $ :
AC000102.1^IAC000102^IPRI^IAC000102$
AC000103.1^IAC000103^IPLN^IAC000103$
AC000104.1^IF19P19^IPLN^IAC000104$
AC000105.40^IAC000105^IPRI^IAC000105$
AC000106.1^IF7G19^IPLN^IAC000106$
AC000107.1^IAC000107^IPLN^IAC000107$
AC000108.1^IAC000108^IBCT^IAC000108$
AC000109.1^IHSAC000109^IPRI^IAC000109$
AC000110.1^IHSAC000110^IPRI^IAC000110$
When viewed by a file browser such as 'less' or 'more' :
AC000102.1 AC000102 PRI AC000102
AC000103.1 AC000103 PLN AC000103
AC000104.1 F19P19 PLN AC000104
AC000105.40 AC000105 PRI AC000105
AC000106.1 F7G19 PLN AC000106
AC000107.1 AC000107 PLN AC000107
AC000108.1 AC000108 BCT AC000108
AC000109.1 HSAC000109 PRI AC000109
AC000110.1 HSAC000110 PRI AC000110
3.3.1 Accession Number Index File - gbacc.idx
Accession numbers are unique six character or eight-character alphanumeric
identifiers of GenBank database entries. The six-character accession
number format consists of a single uppercase letter, followed by 5 digits.
The eight-character accession number format consists of two uppercase
letters, followed by 6 digits. Accessions provide an unchanging identifier
for the data with which they are associated, and we encourage you to cite
accession numbers whenever you refer to data from GenBank.
GenBank entries can have both 'primary' and 'secondary' accessions
associated with them (see Section 3.5.6). Only primary accessions are present
in the gbacc.idx index.
3.3.2 Keyword Phrase Index File - gbkey.idx
Keyword phrases consist of names for gene products and other
characteristics of sequence entries.
3.3.3 Author Name Index File - gbaut*.idx
The author name index files list all of the author names that appear
in the references within sequence records.
3.3.4 Journal Citation Index File - gbjou.idx
The journal citation index file lists all of the citations that appear
in the references within sequence records.. All citations are truncated
to 80 characters.
3.3.5 Gene Name Index - gbgen.idx
The /gene qualifiers of many GenBank entries contain values other than
official gene symbols, such as the product or the standard name of the gene.
Hence, NCBI has chosen to build an index (gbgen.idx) more like a keyword index
for this field, using both the GenBank /gene qualifier and the 'Gene.locus'
fields from the NCBI internal database as keys.
3.4 Sequence Entry Files
GenBank releases contain one or more sequence entry data files, one
for each "division" of GenBank.
3.4.1 File Organization
Each of these files has the same format and consists of two parts:
header information (described in section 3.1) and sequence entries for
that division (described in the following sections).
3.4.2 Entry Organization
In the second portion of a sequence entry file (containing the
sequence entries for that division), each record (line) consists of
two parts. The first part is found in positions 1 to 10 and may
contain:
1. A keyword, beginning in column 1 of the record (e.g., REFERENCE is
a keyword).
2. A subkeyword beginning in column 3, with columns 1 and 2 blank
(e.g., AUTHORS is a subkeyword of REFERENCE). Or a subkeyword beginning
in column 4, with columns 1, 2, and 3 blank (e.g., PUBMED is a
subkeyword of REFERENCE).
3. Blank characters, indicating that this record is a continuation of
the information under the keyword or subkeyword above it.
4. A code, beginning in column 6, indicating the nature of an entry
(feature key) in the FEATURES table; these codes are described in
Section 3.4.12.1 below.
5. A number, ending in column 9 of the record. This number occurs in
the portion of the entry describing the actual nucleotide sequence and
designates the numbering of sequence positions.
6. Two slashes (//) in positions 1 and 2, marking the end of an entry.
The second part of each sequence entry record contains the information
appropriate to its keyword, in positions 13 to 80 for keywords and
positions 11 to 80 for the sequence.
The following is a brief description of each entry field. Detailed
information about each field may be found in Sections 3.4.4 to 3.4.14.
LOCUS - A short mnemonic name for the entry, chosen to suggest the
sequence's definition. Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
DEFINITION - A concise description of the sequence. Mandatory
keyword/one or more records.
ACCESSION - The primary accession number is a unique, unchanging
code assigned to each entry. (Please use this code when citing
information from GenBank.) Mandatory keyword/one or more records.
VERSION - A compound identifier consisting of the primary
accession number and a numeric version number associated with the
current version of the sequence data in the record. This is followed
by an integer key (a "GI") assigned to the sequence by NCBI.
Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
NID - An alternative method of presenting the NCBI GI
identifier (described above). The NID is obsolete and was removed
from the GenBank flatfile format in December 1999.
KEYWORDS - Short phrases describing gene products and other
information about an entry. Mandatory keyword in all annotated
entries/one or more records.
SEGMENT - Information on the order in which this entry appears in a
series of discontinuous sequences from the same molecule. Optional
keyword (only in segmented entries)/exactly one record.
SOURCE - Common name of the organism or the name most frequently used
in the literature. Mandatory keyword in all annotated entries/one or
more records/includes one subkeyword.
ORGANISM - Formal scientific name of the organism (first line)
and taxonomic classification levels (second and subsequent lines).
Mandatory subkeyword in all annotated entries/two or more records.
REFERENCE - Citations for all articles containing data reported
in this entry. Includes seven subkeywords and may repeat. Mandatory
keyword/one or more records.
AUTHORS - Lists the authors of the citation. Optional
subkeyword/one or more records.
CONSRTM - Lists the collective names of consortiums associated
with the citation (eg, International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium),
rather than individual author names. Optional subkeyword/one or more records.
TITLE - Full title of citation. Optional subkeyword (present
in all but unpublished citations)/one or more records.
JOURNAL - Lists the journal name, volume, year, and page
numbers of the citation. Mandatory subkeyword/one or more records.
MEDLINE - Provides the Medline unique identifier for a
citation. Optional subkeyword/one record.
PUBMED - Provides the PubMed unique identifier for a
citation. Optional subkeyword/one record.
REMARK - Specifies the relevance of a citation to an
entry. Optional subkeyword/one or more records.
COMMENT - Cross-references to other sequence entries, comparisons to
other collections, notes of changes in LOCUS names, and other remarks.
Optional keyword/one or more records/may include blank records.
FEATURES - Table containing information on portions of the
sequence that code for proteins and RNA molecules and information on
experimentally determined sites of biological significance. Optional
keyword/one or more records.
BASE COUNT - Summary of the number of occurrences of each base
code in the sequence. Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
ORIGIN - Specification of how the first base of the reported sequence
is operationally located within the genome. Where possible, this
includes its location within a larger genetic map. Mandatory
keyword/exactly one record.
- The ORIGIN line is followed by sequence data (multiple records).
// - Entry termination symbol. Mandatory at the end of an
entry/exactly one record.
3.4.3 Sample Sequence Data File
An example of a complete sequence entry file follows. (This example
has only two entries.) Note that in this example, as throughout the
data bank, numbers in square brackets indicate items in the REFERENCE
list. For example, in ACARR58S, [1] refers to the paper by Mackay, et
al.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
GBSMP.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
15 December 1992
GenBank Flat File Release 74.0
Structural RNA Sequences
2 loci, 236 bases, from 2 reported sequences
LOCUS AAURRA 118 bp ss-rRNA RNA 16-JUN-1986
DEFINITION A.auricula-judae (mushroom) 5S ribosomal RNA.
ACCESSION K03160
VERSION K03160.1 GI:173593
KEYWORDS 5S ribosomal RNA; ribosomal RNA.
SOURCE A.auricula-judae (mushroom) ribosomal RNA.
ORGANISM Auricularia auricula-judae
Eukaryota; Fungi; Eumycota; Basidiomycotina; Phragmobasidiomycetes;
Heterobasidiomycetidae; Auriculariales; Auriculariaceae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 118)
AUTHORS Huysmans,E., Dams,E., Vandenberghe,A. and De Wachter,R.
TITLE The nucleotide sequences of the 5S rRNAs of four mushrooms and
their use in studying the phylogenetic position of basidiomycetes
among the eukaryotes
JOURNAL Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 2871-2880 (1983)
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
rRNA 1..118
/note="5S ribosomal RNA"
BASE COUNT 27 a 34 c 34 g 23 t
ORIGIN 5' end of mature rRNA.
1 atccacggcc ataggactct gaaagcactg catcccgtcc gatctgcaaa gttaaccaga
61 gtaccgccca gttagtacca cggtggggga ccacgcggga atcctgggtg ctgtggtt
//
LOCUS ABCRRAA 118 bp ss-rRNA RNA 15-SEP-1990
DEFINITION Acetobacter sp. (strain MB 58) 5S ribosomal RNA, complete sequence.
ACCESSION M34766
VERSION M34766.1 GI:173603
KEYWORDS 5S ribosomal RNA.
SOURCE Acetobacter sp. (strain MB 58) rRNA.
ORGANISM Acetobacter sp.
Prokaryotae; Gracilicutes; Scotobacteria; Aerobic rods and cocci;
Azotobacteraceae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 118)
AUTHORS Bulygina,E.S., Galchenko,V.F., Govorukhina,N.I., Netrusov,A.I.,
Nikitin,D.I., Trotsenko,Y.A. and Chumakov,K.M.
TITLE Taxonomic studies of methylotrophic bacteria by 5S ribosomal RNA
sequencing
JOURNAL J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 441-446 (1990)
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
rRNA 1..118
/note="5S ribosomal RNA"
BASE COUNT 27 a 40 c 32 g 17 t 2 others
ORIGIN
1 gatctggtgg ccatggcggg agcaaatcag ccgatcccat cccgaactcg gccgtcaaat
61 gccccagcgc ccatgatact ctgcctcaag gcacggaaaa gtcggtcgcc gccagayy
//
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 9. Sample Sequence Data File
3.4.4 LOCUS Format
The items of information contained in the LOCUS record are always
found in fixed positions. The locus name (or entry name), which is
always sixteen characters or less, begins in position 13. The locus name
is designed to help group entries with similar sequences: the first
three characters usually designate the organism; the fourth and fifth
characters can be used to show other group designations, such as gene
product; for segmented entries the last character is one of a series
of sequential integers.
The number of bases or base pairs in the sequence ends in position 40.
The letters `bp' are in positions 42 to 43. Positions 45 to 47 provide
the number of strands of the sequence. Positions 48 to 53 indicate the
type of molecule sequenced. Topology of the molecule is indicated in
positions 56 to 63.
GenBank sequence entries are divided among many different
'divisions'. Each entry's division is specified by a three-letter code
in positions 65 to 67. See Section 3.3 for an explanation of division
codes.
Positions 69 to 79 of the record contain the date the entry was
entered or underwent any substantial revisions, such as the addition
of newly published data, in the form dd-MMM-yyyy.
The detailed format for the LOCUS line format is as follows:
Positions Contents
--------- --------
01-05 'LOCUS'
06-12 spaces
13-28 Locus name
29-29 space
30-40 Length of sequence, right-justified
41-41 space
42-43 bp
44-44 space
45-47 spaces, ss- (single-stranded), ds- (double-stranded), or
ms- (mixed-stranded)
48-53 NA, DNA, RNA, tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA),
mRNA (messenger RNA), uRNA (small nuclear RNA), snRNA,
snoRNA. Left justified.
54-55 space
56-63 'linear' followed by two spaces, or 'circular'
64-64 space
65-67 The division code (see Section 3.3)
68-68 space
69-79 Date, in the form dd-MMM-yyyy (e.g., 15-MAR-1991)
Although each of these data values can be found at column-specific
positions, we encourage those who parse the contents of the LOCUS
line to use a token-based approach. This will prevent the need for
software changes if the spacing of the data values ever has to be
modified.
3.4.5 DEFINITION Format
The DEFINITION record gives a brief description of the sequence,
proceeding from general to specific. It starts with the common name of
the source organism, then gives the criteria by which this sequence is
distinguished from the remainder of the source genome, such as the
gene name and what it codes for, or the protein name and mRNA, or some
description of the sequence's function (if the sequence is
non-coding). If the sequence has a coding region, the description may
be followed by a completeness qualifier, such as cds (complete coding
sequence). There is no limit on the number of lines that may be part
of the DEFINITION. The last line must end with a period.
3.4.5.1 DEFINITION Format for NLM Entries
The DEFINITION line for entries derived from journal-scanning at the NLM is
an automatically generated descriptive summary that accompanies each DNA and
protein sequence. It contains information derived from fields in a database
that summarize the most important attributes of the sequence. The DEFINITION
lines are designed to supplement the accession number and the sequence itself
as a means of uniquely and completely specifying DNA and protein sequences. The
following are examples of NLM DEFINITION lines:
NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase [swine, mRNA, 1 gene, 1585 nt]
94 kda fiber cell beaded-filament structural protein [rats, lens, mRNA
Partial, 1 gene, 1873 nt]
inhibin alpha {promoter and exons} [mice, Genomic, 1 gene, 1102 nt, segment
1 of 2]
cefEF, cefG=acetyl coenzyme A:deacetylcephalosporin C o-acetyltransferase
[Acremonium chrysogenum, Genomic, 2 genes, 2639 nt]
myogenic factor 3, qmf3=helix-loop-helix protein [Japanese quails,
embryo, Peptide Partial, 246 aa]
The first part of the definition line contains information describing
the genes and proteins represented by the molecular sequences. This can
be gene locus names, protein names and descriptions that replace or augment
actual names. Gene and gene product are linked by "=". Any special
identifying terms are presented within brackets, such as: {promoter},
{N-terminal}, {EC 2.13.2.4}, {alternatively spliced}, or {3' region}.
The second part of the definition line is delimited by square brackets, '[]',
and provides details about the molecule type and length. The biological
source, i.e., genus and species or common name as cited by the author.
Developmental stage, tissue type and strain are included if available.
The molecule types include: Genomic, mRNA, Peptide. and Other Genomic
Material. Genomic molecules are assumed to be partial sequence unless
"Complete" is specified, whereas mRNA and peptide molecules are assumed
to be complete unless "Partial" is noted.
3.4.6 ACCESSION Format
This field contains a series of six-character and/or eight-character
identifiers called 'accession numbers'. The six-character accession
number format consists of a single uppercase letter, followed by 5 digits.
The eight-character accession number format consists of two uppercase
letters, followed by 6 digits. The 'primary', or first, of the accession
numbers occupies positions 13 to 18 (6-character format) or positions
13 to 20 (8-character format). Subsequent 'secondary' accession numbers
(if present) are separated from the primary, and from each other, by a
single space. In some cases, multiple lines of secondary accession
numbers might be present, starting at position 13.
The primary accession number of a GenBank entry provides a stable identifier
for the biological object that the entry represents. Accessions do not change
when the underlying sequence data or associated features change.
Secondary accession numbers arise for a number of reasons. For example, a
single accession number may initially be assigned to a sequence described in
a publication. If it is later discovered that the sequence must be entered
into the database as multiple entries, each entry would receive a new primary
accession number, and the original accession number would appear as a secondary
accession number on each of the new entries.
3.4.7 VERSION Format
This line contains two types of identifiers for a GenBank database entry:
a compound accession number and an NCBI GI identifier.
LOCUS AF181452 1294 bp DNA PLN 12-OCT-1999
DEFINITION Hordeum vulgare dehydrin (Dhn2) gene, complete cds.
ACCESSION AF181452
VERSION AF181452.1 GI:6017929
^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^
Compound NCBI GI
Accession Identifier
Number
A compound accession number consists of two parts: a stable, unchanging
primary-accession number portion (see Section 3.4.6 for a description of
accession numbers), and a sequentially increasing numeric version number.
The accession and version numbers are separated by a period. The initial
version number assigned to a new sequence is one. Compound accessions are
often referred to as "Accession.Version" .
An accession number allows one to retrieve the same biological object in the
database, regardless of any changes that are made to the entry over time. But
those changes can include changes to the sequence data itself, which is of
fundamental importance to many database users. So a numeric version number is
associated with the sequence data in every database entry. If an entry (for
example, AF181452) undergoes two sequence changes, its compound accession
number on the VERSION line would start as AF181452.1 . After the first sequence
change this would become: AF181452.2 . And after the second change: AF181452.3 .
The NCBI GI identifier of the VERSION line also serves as a method for
identifying the sequence data that has existed for a database entry over
time. GI identifiers are numeric values of one or more digits. Since they
are integer keys, they are less human-friendly than the Accession.Version
system described above. Returning to our example for AF181452, it was
initially assigned GI 6017929. If the sequence changes, a new integer GI will
be assigned, perhaps 7345003 . And after the second sequence change, perhaps
the GI would become 10456892 .
Why are both these methods for identifying the version of the sequence
associated with a database entry in use? For two reasons:
- Some data sources processed by NCBI for incorporation into its Entrez
sequence retrieval system do not version their own sequences.
- GIs provide a uniform, integer identifier system for every sequence
NCBI has processed. Some products and systems derived from (or reliant
upon) NCBI products and services prefer to use these integer identifiers
because they can all be processed in the same manner.
GenBank Releases contain only the most recent versions of all sequences
in the database. However, older versions can be obtained via GI-based or
Accession.Version-based queries with NCBI's web-Entrez and network-Entrez
applications. A sequence revision history web page is also available:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/girevhist
NOTE: All the version numbers for the compound Accession.Version identifier
system were initialized to a value of one in February 1999, when that
system was introduced.
3.4.8 KEYWORDS Format
The KEYWORDS field does not appear in unannotated entries, but is
required in all annotated entries. Keywords are separated by
semicolons; a "keyword" may be a single word or a phrase consisting of
several words. Each line in the keywords field ends in a semicolon;
the last line ends with a period. If no keywords are included in the
entry, the KEYWORDS record contains only a period.
3.4.9 SEGMENT Format
The SEGMENT keyword is used when two (or more) entries of known
relative orientation are separated by a short (<10 kb) stretch of DNA.
It is limited to one line of the form `n of m', where `n' is the
segment number of the current entry and `m' is the total number of
segments.
3.4.10 SOURCE Format
The SOURCE field consists of two parts. The first part is found after
the SOURCE keyword and contains free-format information including an
abbreviated form of the organism name followed by a molecule type;
multiple lines are allowed, but the last line must end with a period.
The second part consists of information found after the ORGANISM
subkeyword. The formal scientific name for the source organism (genus
and species, where appropriate) is found on the same line as ORGANISM.
The records following the ORGANISM line list the taxonomic
classification levels, separated by semicolons and ending with a
period.
3.4.11 REFERENCE Format
The REFERENCE field consists of five parts: the keyword REFERENCE, and
the subkeywords AUTHORS, TITLE (optional), JOURNAL, MEDLINE (optional),
PUBMED (optional), and REMARK (optional).
The REFERENCE line contains the number of the particular reference and
(in parentheses) the range of bases in the sequence entry reported in
this citation. Additional prose notes may also be found within the
parentheses. The numbering of the references does not reflect
publication dates or priorities.
The AUTHORS line lists the authors in the order in which they appear
in the cited article. Last names are separated from initials by a
comma (no space); there is no comma before the final `and'. The list
of authors ends with a period. The TITLE line is an optional field,
although it appears in the majority of entries. It does not appear in
unpublished sequence data entries that have been deposited directly
into the GenBank data bank, the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library,
or the DNA Data Bank of Japan. The TITLE field does not end with a
period.
The JOURNAL line gives the appropriate literature citation for the
sequence in the entry. The word `Unpublished' will appear after the
JOURNAL subkeyword if the data did not appear in the scientific
literature, but was directly deposited into the data bank. For
published sequences the JOURNAL line gives the Thesis, Journal, or
Book citation, including the year of publication, the specific
citation, or In press.
For Book citations, the JOURNAL line is specially-formatted, and
includes:
editor name(s)
book title
page number(s)
publisher-name/publisher-location
year
For example:
LOCUS AY277550 1440 bp DNA linear BCT 17-JUN-2003
DEFINITION Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain CSC13-6 16S ribosomal RNA gene,
partial sequence.
ACCESSION AY277550
....
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1440)
AUTHORS Gonzalez,J.M., Laiz,L. and Saiz-Jimenez,C.
TITLE Classifying bacterial isolates from hypogean environments:
Application of a novel fluorimetric method dor the estimation of
G+C mol% content in microorganisms by thermal denaturation
temperature
JOURNAL (in) Saiz-Jimenez,C. (Ed.);
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: 47-54;
A.A. Balkema, The Netherlands (2003)
The presence of "(in)" signals the fact that the reference is for a book
rather than a journal article. A semi-colon signals the end of the editor
names. The next semi-colon signals the end of the page numbers, and the
colon that immediately *precedes* the page numbers signals the end of the
book title. The publisher name and location are a free-form text string.
Finally, the year appears at the very end of the JOURNAL line, enclosed in
parentheses.
The MEDLINE line provides the National Library of Medicine's Medline
unique identifier for a citation (if known). Medline UIs are 8 digit
numbers.
The PUBMED line provides the PubMed unique identifier for a citation
(if known). PUBMED ids are numeric, and are record identifiers for article
abstracts in the PubMed database :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
Citations in PubMed that do not fall within Medline's scope will have only
a PUBMED identifier. Similarly, citations that *are* in Medline's scope but
which have not yet been assigned Medline UIs will have only a PUBMED identifier.
If a citation is present in both the PubMed and Medline databases, both a
MEDLINE and a PUBMED line will be present.
The REMARK line is a textual comment that specifies the relevance
of the citation to the entry.
3.4.12 FEATURES Format
GenBank releases use a feature table format designed jointly by
GenBank, the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library, and the DNA Data
Bank of Japan. This format is in use by all three databases. The
most complete and accurate Feature Table documentation can be found
on the Web at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/collab/FT/index.html
Any discrepancy between the abbreviated feature table description
of these release notes and the complete documentation on the Web
should be resolved in favor of the version at the above URL.
The Feature Table specification is also available as a printed
document: `The DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank Feature Table: Definition'. Contact
GenBank at the address shown on the first page of these Release Notes
if you would like a copy.
The feature table contains information about genes and gene products,
as well as regions of biological significance reported in the
sequence. The feature table contains information on regions of the
sequence that code for proteins and RNA molecules. It also enumerates
differences between different reports of the same sequence, and
provides cross-references to other data collections, as described in
more detail below.
The first line of the feature table is a header that includes the
keyword `FEATURES' and the column header `Location/Qualifier.' Each
feature consists of a descriptor line containing a feature key and a
location (see sections below for details). If the location does not
fit on this line, a continuation line may follow. If further
information about the feature is required, one or more lines
containing feature qualifiers may follow the descriptor line.
The feature key begins in column 6 and may be no more than 15
characters in length. The location begins in column 22. Feature
qualifiers begin on subsequent lines at column 22. Location,
qualifier, and continuation lines may extend from column 22 to 80.
Feature tables are required, due to the mandatory presence of the
source feature. The sections below provide a brief introduction to
the feature table format.
3.4.12.1 Feature Key Names
The first column of the feature descriptor line contains the feature
key. It starts at column 6 and can continue to column 20. The list of
valid feature keys is shown below.
Remember, the most definitive documentation for the feature table can
be found at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/collab/FT/index.html
allele Obsolete; see variation feature key
attenuator Sequence related to transcription termination
C_region Span of the C immunological feature
CAAT_signal `CAAT box' in eukaryotic promoters
CDS Sequence coding for amino acids in protein (includes
stop codon)
conflict Independent sequence determinations differ
D-loop Displacement loop
D_segment Span of the D immunological feature
enhancer Cis-acting enhancer of promoter function
exon Region that codes for part of spliced mRNA
gene Region that defines a functional gene, possibly
including upstream (promotor, enhancer, etc)
and downstream control elements, and for which
a name has been assigned.
GC_signal `GC box' in eukaryotic promoters
iDNA Intervening DNA eliminated by recombination
intron Transcribed region excised by mRNA splicing
J_region Span of the J immunological feature
LTR Long terminal repeat
mat_peptide Mature peptide coding region (does not include stop codon)
misc_binding Miscellaneous binding site
misc_difference Miscellaneous difference feature
misc_feature Region of biological significance that cannot be described
by any other feature
misc_recomb Miscellaneous recombination feature
misc_RNA Miscellaneous transcript feature not defined by other RNA keys
misc_signal Miscellaneous signal
misc_structure Miscellaneous DNA or RNA structure
modified_base The indicated base is a modified nucleotide
mRNA Messenger RNA
mutation Obsolete: see variation feature key
N_region Span of the N immunological feature
old_sequence Presented sequence revises a previous version
polyA_signal Signal for cleavage & polyadenylation
polyA_site Site at which polyadenine is added to mRNA
precursor_RNA Any RNA species that is not yet the mature RNA product
prim_transcript Primary (unprocessed) transcript
primer Primer binding region used with PCR
primer_bind Non-covalent primer binding site
promoter A region involved in transcription initiation
protein_bind Non-covalent protein binding site on DNA or RNA
RBS Ribosome binding site
rep_origin Replication origin for duplex DNA
repeat_region Sequence containing repeated subsequences
repeat_unit One repeated unit of a repeat_region
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
S_region Span of the S immunological feature
satellite Satellite repeated sequence
scRNA Small cytoplasmic RNA
sig_peptide Signal peptide coding region
snRNA Small nuclear RNA
source Biological source of the sequence data represented by
a GenBank record. Mandatory feature, one or more per record.
For organisms that have been incorporated within the
NCBI taxonomy database, an associated /db_xref="taxon:NNNN"
qualifier will be present (where NNNNN is the numeric
identifier assigned to the organism within the NCBI taxonomy
database).
stem_loop Hair-pin loop structure in DNA or RNA
STS Sequence Tagged Site; operationally unique sequence that
identifies the combination of primer spans used in a PCR assay
TATA_signal `TATA box' in eukaryotic promoters
terminator Sequence causing transcription termination
transit_peptide Transit peptide coding region
transposon Transposable element (TN)
tRNA Transfer RNA
unsure Authors are unsure about the sequence in this region
V_region Span of the V immunological feature
variation A related population contains stable mutation
- (hyphen) Placeholder
-10_signal `Pribnow box' in prokaryotic promoters
-35_signal `-35 box' in prokaryotic promoters
3'clip 3'-most region of a precursor transcript removed in processing
3'UTR 3' untranslated region (trailer)
5'clip 5'-most region of a precursor transcript removed in processing
5'UTR 5' untranslated region (leader)
3.4.12.2 Feature Location
The second column of the feature descriptor line designates the
location of the feature in the sequence. The location descriptor
begins at position 22. Several conventions are used to indicate
sequence location.
Base numbers in location descriptors refer to numbering in the entry,
which is not necessarily the same as the numbering scheme used in the
published report. The first base in the presented sequence is numbered
base 1. Sequences are presented in the 5 to 3 direction.
Location descriptors can be one of the following:
1. A single base;
2. A contiguous span of bases;
3. A site between two bases;
4. A single base chosen from a range of bases;
5. A single base chosen from among two or more specified bases;
6. A joining of sequence spans;
7. A reference to an entry other than the one to which the feature
belongs (i.e., a remote entry), followed by a location descriptor
referring to the remote sequence;
A site between two residues, such as an endonuclease cleavage site, is
indicated by listing the two bases separated by a carat (e.g., 23^24).
A single residue chosen from a range of residues is indicated by the
number of the first and last bases in the range separated by a single
period (e.g., 23.79). The symbols < and > indicate that the end point
of the range is beyond the specified base number.
A contiguous span of bases is indicated by the number of the first and
last bases in the range separated by two periods (e.g., 23..79). The
symbols < and > indicate that the end point of the range is beyond the
specified base number. Starting and ending positions can be indicated
by base number or by one of the operators described below.
Operators are prefixes that specify what must be done to the indicated
sequence to locate the feature. The following are the operators
available, along with their most common format and a description.
complement (location): The feature is complementary to the location
indicated. Complementary strands are read 5 to 3.
join (location, location, .. location): The indicated elements should
be placed end to end to form one contiguous sequence.
order (location, location, .. location): The elements are found in the
specified order in the 5 to 3 direction, but nothing is implied about
the rationality of joining them.
3.4.12.3 Feature Qualifiers
Qualifiers provide additional information about features. They take
the form of a slash (/) followed by a qualifier name and, if
applicable, an equal sign (=) and a qualifier value. Feature
qualifiers begin at column 22.
Qualifiers convey many types of information. Their values can,
therefore, take several forms:
1. Free text;
2. Controlled vocabulary or enumerated values;
3. Citations or reference numbers;
4. Sequences;
5. Feature labels.
Text qualifier values must be enclosed in double quotation marks. The
text can consist of any printable characters (ASCII values 32-126
decimal). If the text string includes double quotation marks, each set
must be `escaped' by placing a double quotation mark in front of it
(e.g., /note="This is an example of ""escaped"" quotation marks").
Some qualifiers require values selected from a limited set of choices.
For example, the `/direction' qualifier has only three values `left,'
`right,' or `both.' These are called controlled vocabulary qualifier
values. Controlled qualifier values are not case sensitive; they can
be entered in any combination of upper- and lowercase without changing
their meaning.
Citation or published reference numbers for the entry should be
enclosed in square brackets ([]) to distinguish them from other
numbers.
A literal sequence of bases (e.g., "atgcatt") should be enclosed in
quotation marks. Literal sequences are distinguished from free text by
context. Qualifiers that take free text as their values do not take
literal sequences, and vice versa.
The `/label=' qualifier takes a feature label as its qualifier.
Although feature labels are optional, they allow unambiguous
references to the feature. The feature label identifies a feature
within an entry; when combined with the accession number and the name
of the data bank from which it came, it is a unique tag for that
feature. Feature labels must be unique within an entry, but can be the
same as a feature label in another entry. Feature labels are not case
sensitive; they can be entered in any combination of upper-and
lowercase without changing their meaning.
The following is a partial list of feature qualifiers.
/anticodon Location of the anticodon of tRNA and the amino acid
for which it codes
/bound_moiety Moiety bound
/citation Reference to a citation providing the claim of or
evidence for a feature
/codon Specifies a codon that is different from any found in the
reference genetic code
/codon_start Indicates the first base of the first complete codon
in a CDS (as 1 or 2 or 3)
/cons_splice Identifies intron splice sites that do not conform to
the 5'-GT... AG-3' splice site consensus
/db_xref A database cross-reference; pointer to related information
in another database. A description of all cross-references
can be found at:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/collab/db_xref.html
/direction Direction of DNA replication
/EC_number Enzyme Commission number for the enzyme product of the
sequence
/evidence Value indicating the nature of supporting evidence
/frequency Frequency of the occurrence of a feature
/function Function attributed to a sequence
/gene Symbol of the gene corresponding to a sequence region (usable
with all features)
/label A label used to permanently identify a feature
/map Map position of the feature in free-format text
/mod_base Abbreviation for a modified nucleotide base
/note Any comment or additional information
/number A number indicating the order of genetic elements
(e.g., exons or introns) in the 5 to 3 direction
/organism Name of the organism that is the source of the
sequence data in the record.
/partial Differentiates between complete regions and partial ones
/phenotype Phenotype conferred by the feature
/product Name of a product encoded by a coding region (CDS)
feature
/pseudo Indicates that this feature is a non-functional
version of the element named by the feature key
/rpt_family Type of repeated sequence; Alu or Kpn, for example
/rpt_type Organization of repeated sequence
/rpt_unit Identity of repeat unit that constitutes a repeat_region
/standard_name Accepted standard name for this feature
/transl_except Translational exception: single codon, the translation
of which does not conform to the reference genetic code
/translation Amino acid translation of a coding region
/type Name of a strain if different from that in the SOURCE field
/usedin Indicates that feature is used in a compound feature
in another entry
3.4.12.4 Cross-Reference Information
One type of information in the feature table lists cross-references to
the annual compilation of transfer RNA sequences in Nucleic Acids
Research, which has kindly been sent to us on CD-ROM by Dr. Sprinzl.
Each tRNA entry of the feature table contains a /note= qualifier that
includes a reference such as `(NAR: 1234)' to identify code 1234 in
the NAR compilation. When such a cross-reference appears in an entry
that contains a gene coding for a transfer RNA molecule, it refers to
the code in the tRNA gene compilation. Similar cross-references in
entries containing mature transfer RNA sequences refer to the
companion compilation of tRNA sequences published by D.H. Gauss and M.
Sprinzl in Nucleic Acids Research.
3.4.12.5 Feature Table Examples
In the first example a number of key names, feature locations, and
qualifiers are illustrated, taken from different sequences. The first
table entry is a coding region consisting of a simple span of bases
and including a /gene qualifier. In the second table entry, an NAR
cross-reference is given (see the previous section for a discussion of
these cross-references). The third and fourth table entries use the
symbols `<`and `>' to indicate that the beginning or end of the
feature is beyond the range of the presented sequence. In the fifth
table entry, the symbol `^' indicates that the feature is between
bases.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
CDS 5..1261
/product="alpha-1-antitrypsin precursor"
/map="14q32.1"
/gene="PI"
tRNA 1..87
/note="Leu-tRNA-CAA (NAR: 1057)"
/anticodon=(pos:35..37,aa:Leu)
mRNA 1..>66
/note="alpha-1-acid glycoprotein mRNA"
transposon <1..267
/note="insertion element IS5"
misc_recomb 105^106
/note="B.subtilis DNA end/IS5 DNA start"
conflict 258
/replace="t"
/citation=[2]
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 10. Feature Table Entries
The next example shows the representation for a CDS that spans more
than one entry.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
LOCUS HUMPGAMM1 3688 bp ds-DNA PRI 15-OCT-1990
DEFINITION Human phosphoglycerate mutase (muscle specific isozyme) (PGAM-M)
gene, 5' end.
ACCESSION M55673 M25818 M27095
KEYWORDS phosphoglycerate mutase.
SEGMENT 1 of 2
.
.
.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
CAAT_signal 1751..1755
/gene="PGAM-M"
TATA_signal 1791..1799
/gene="PGAM-M"
exon 1820..2274
/number=1
/EC_number="5.4.2.1"
/gene="PGAM-M"
intron 2275..2377
/number=1
/gene="PGAM2"
exon 2378..2558
/number=2
/gene="PGAM-M"
.
.
.
//
LOCUS HUMPGAMM2 677 bp ds-DNA PRI 15-OCT-1990
DEFINITION Human phosphoglycerate mutase (muscle specific isozyme) (PGAM-M),
exon 3.
ACCESSION M55674 M25818 M27096
KEYWORDS phosphoglycerate mutase.
SEGMENT 2 of 2
.
.
.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
exon 255..457
/number=3
/gene="PGAM-M"
intron order(M55673:2559..>3688,<1..254)
/number=2
/gene="PGAM-M"
mRNA join(M55673:1820..2274,M55673:2378..2558,255..457)
/gene="PGAM-M"
CDS join(M55673:1861..2274,M55673:2378..2558,255..421)
/note="muscle-specific isozyme"
/gene="PGAM2"
/product="phosphoglycerate mutase"
/codon_start=1
/translation="MATHRLVMVRHGESTWNQENRFCGWFDAELSEKGTEEAKRGAKA
IKDAKMEFDICYTSVLKRAIRTLWAILDGTDQMWLPVVRTWRLNERHYGGLTGLNKAE
TAAKHGEEQVKIWRRSFDIPPPPMDEKHPYYNSISKERRYAGLKPGELPTCESLKDTI
ARALPFWNEEIVPQIKAGKRVLIAAHGNSLRGIVKHLEGMSDQAIMELNLPTGIPIVY
ELNKELKPTKPMQFLGDEETVRKAMEAVAAQGKAK"
.
.
.
//
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 11. Joining Sequences
3.4.13 ORIGIN Format
The ORIGIN record may be left blank, may appear as `Unreported.' or
may give a local pointer to the sequence start, usually involving an
experimentally determined restriction cleavage site or the genetic
locus (if available). The ORIGIN record ends in a period if it
contains data, but does not include the period if the record is left
empty (in contrast to the KEYWORDS field which contains a period
rather than being left blank).
3.4.14 SEQUENCE Format
The nucleotide sequence for an entry is found in the records following
the ORIGIN record. The sequence is reported in the 5 to 3 direction.
There are sixty bases per record, listed in groups of ten bases
followed by a blank, starting at position 11 of each record. The
number of the first nucleotide in the record is given in columns 4 to
9 (right justified) of the record.
4. ALTERNATE RELEASES
NCBI is supplying sequence data in the GenBank flat file format to
maintain compatibility with existing software which require that
particular format. Although we have made every effort to ensure
that these data are presented in the traditional flat file format,
if you encounter any problems in using these data with software which
is based upon the flat file format, please contact us at:
[email protected]
The flat file is just one of many possible report formats that can be
generated from the richer representation supported by the ASN.1 form of the
data. Developers of new software tools should consider using the ASN.1 form
directly to take advantage of those features. Documentation and a Software
Developer's Toolkit for ASN.1 are available through NCBI. You may call NCBI
at (301)496-2475, or subscribe to a developers' electronic newsgroup by
sending your name, address, affiliation, and e-mail address to:
[email protected]
The Software Developer's Toolkit and PostScript documentation for UNIX,
VMS, Ultrix, AIX, MacOS, DOS, and Microsoft Windows systems is available
in a compressed UNIX tar file by anonymous ftp from 'ftp.ncbi.nih.gov',
in the toolbox/ncbi_tools directory. The file is 'ncbi.tar.Z'.
5. KNOWN PROBLEMS OF THE GENBANK DATABASE
5.1 Incorrect Gene Symbols in Entries and Index
The /gene qualifier for many GenBank entries contains values other than the
official gene symbol, such as the product or the standard name of the gene. The
gene symbol index (gbgen.idx) is created from the data in the /gene qualifier
and therefore may contain data other than official gene symbols.
6. GENBANK ADMINISTRATION
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library
of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, is responsible for the production
and distribution of the NIH GenBank Sequence Database. NCBI distributes
GenBank sequence data by anonymous FTP, e-mail servers and other
network services. For more information, you may contact NCBI at the
e-mail address: [email protected] or by phone: 301-496-2475.
6.1 Registered Trademark Notice
GenBank (R) is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services for the Genetic Sequence Data Bank.
6.2 Citing GenBank
If you have used GenBank in your research, we would appreciate it if
you would include a reference to GenBank in all publications related
to that research.
When citing data in GenBank, it is appropriate to give the sequence
name, primary accession number, and the publication in which the
sequence first appeared. If the data are unpublished, we urge you to
contact the group which submitted the data to GenBank to see if there
is a recent publication or if they have determined any revisions or
extensions of the data.
It is also appropriate to list a reference for GenBank itself. The
following publication, which describes the GenBank database, should
be cited:
Benson D.A., Karsch-Mizrachi I., Lipman D.J., Ostell J., Rapp B.A.,
Wheeler D.L. GenBank. Nucl. Acids Res. 28(1):15-18 (2000)
The following statement is an example of how you may cite GenBank
data. It cites the sequence, its primary accession number, the group
who determined the sequence, and GenBank. The numbers in parentheses
refer to the GenBank citation above and to the REFERENCE in the
GenBank sequence entry.
`We scanned the GenBank (1) database for sequence similarities and
found one sequence (2), GenBank accession number J01016, which showed
significant similarity...'
(1) Benson, D.A. et al. Nucl. Acids Res. 28(1):15-18 (2000)
(2) Nellen, W. and Gallwitz, D. J. Mol. Biol. 159, 1-18 (1982)
6.3 GenBank Distribution Formats and Media
Complete flat file releases of the GenBank database are available via
NCBI's anonymous ftp server:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov
Each release is cumulative, incorporating all previous GenBank data.
No retrieval software is provided. GenBank distribution via CD-ROM
ceased as of GenBank Release 106.0 (April, 1998).
Mirrors of the GenBank FTP site at the NCBI are available from the
San Diego Supercomputer Center and the University of Indiana:
ftp://genbank.sdsc.edu/pub
ftp://bio-mirror.net/biomirror/genbank/
6.4 Other Methods of Accessing GenBank Data
Entrez is a molecular biology database system that presents an integrated
view of DNA and protein sequence data, 3D structure data, complete genomes,
and associated MEDLINE entries. The system is produced by the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and is available only via
the Internet (using the Web-Entrez and Network-Entrez applications).
Accessing Entrez is easy: if you have a World Wide Web browser, such as
Netscape or Internet-Explorer, simply point your browser to:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
The Web version of Entrez has all the capabilities of the network version,
but with the visual style of the World Wide Web. If you prefer the "look and
feel" of Network-Entrez, you may download Network-Entrez from the NCBI's
FTP server:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/
Versions are available for PC/Windows, Macintosh and several Unix variants.
For information about Network-Entrez, Web-Entrez or any other NCBI
services, you may contact NCBI by e-mail at [email protected] or by
phone at 301-496-2475.
6.5 Request for Corrections and Comments
We welcome your suggestions for improvements to GenBank. We are
especially interested to learn of errors or inconsistencies in the
data. BankIt or Sequin can be used to submit revisions to previous
submissions. In addition, suggestions and corrections can be sent by
electronic mail to: [email protected]. Please be certain to
indicate the GenBank release number (e.g., Release 141.0) and the
primary accession number of the entry to which your comments apply; it
is helpful if you also give the entry name and the current contents of
any data field for which you are recommending a change.
6.6 Credits and Acknowledgments
Credits -
GenBank Release Coordination
Mark Cavanaugh
GenBank Submission Coordination
Ilene Mizrachi
GenBank Annotation Staff
Lori Black, Larissa Brown, Larry Chlumsky, Karen Clark, Irene Fang,
Linda Frisse, Michael Fetchko, Anjanette Johnston, William Klimke,
Pierre Ledoux, Richard McVeigh, Ilene Mizrachi, DeAnne Olsen Cravaritis,
Chris O'Sullivan, Leigh Riley, Gert Roosen, MJ Rosovitz, Susan Schafer,
Suh-suh Wang, and Linda Yankie
Data Management and Preparation
Vladimir Alekseyev, Serge Bazhin, Anton Butanaev, Mark Cavanaugh,
Hsiu-Chuan Chen, Olga Cherenkov, Jonathan Kans, Michael Kimelman,
Jim Ostell, Karl Sirotkin, Vladimir Soussov, Elena Starchenko,
Hanzhen Sun, Tatiana Tatusova, Carolyn Tolstoshev, Jane Weisemann,
Eugene Yaschenko
Database Administration
Ron Chen, Slava Khotomliansky, Tony Stearman
User Support
Medha Bhagwat, Peter Cooper, Susan Dombrowski, Andrei Gabrielian
Renata Geer, Scott McGinnis, Donna Messersmith, Rana Morris, Vyvy Pham,
Monica Romiti, Eric Sayers, Tao Tao, David Wheeler
Project Direction
David Lipman
Acknowledgments -
Contractor support for GenBank production and distribution has been
provided by Management Systems Designers, Inc., ComputerCraft Corporation,
and The KEVRIC Company, Inc.
6.7 Disclaimer
The United States Government makes no representations or warranties
regarding the content or accuracy of the information. The United States
Government also makes no representations or warranties of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose or that the use of the sequences will
not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark, or other rights. The
United States Government accepts no responsibility for any consequence
of the receipt or use of the information.
For additional information about GenBank releases, please contact
NCBI by e-mail at [email protected], by phone at (301) 496-2475,
or by mail at:
GenBank
National Library of Medicine
Bldg. 38A Rm. 8N-809
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
FAX: (301) 480-9241
