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PAPOLA poly(A) polymerase alpha [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 10914, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PAPOLAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
poly(A) polymerase alphaprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:14981
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000090060 MIM:605553; AllianceGenome:HGNC:14981
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PAP; PAP-alpha
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family. It is required for the addition of adenosine residues for the creation of the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNAs. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in testis (RPKM 27.7), thyroid (RPKM 22.4) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PAPOLA in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
14q32.2
Exon count:
23
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (96502376..96567116)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (90733979..90798717)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (96968713..97033453)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene adenylate kinase 7 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 10 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2245 silencer Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:96967424-96968020 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:96968021-96968615 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:96968616-96969211 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:96970367-96970868 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:96970869-96971368 Neighboring gene PAPOLA divergent transcript Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6056 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8988 Neighboring gene RN7SK pseudogene 108 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8989 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370645 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:97142464-97143129

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor induces alterations in gene expression in human fibroblast cells: up-regulation of poly(A) polymerase. Pendurthi UR, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1997 Nov 11. PMID 9356495, Free PMC Article
  2. Assignment of the human poly(A) polymerase (PAP) gene to chromosome 14q32.1-q32.2 and isolation of a polymorphic CA repeat sequence. Yamauchi T, et al. J Hum Genet, 1999. PMID 10429366
  3. The structure of the 5'-untranslated region of mammalian poly(A) polymerase-alpha mRNA suggests a mechanism of translational regulation. Rapti A, et al. Mol Cell Biochem, 2010 Jul. PMID 20174964
  4. PAPOLA contributes to cyclin D1 mRNA alternative polyadenylation and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation. Komini C, et al. J Cell Sci, 2021 Apr 1. PMID 33712453
  5. The NMR structure of the 38 kDa U1A protein - PIE RNA complex reveals the basis of cooperativity in regulation of polyadenylation by human U1A protein. Varani L, et al. Nat Struct Biol, 2000 Apr. PMID 10742179

See all (60) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. PAPOLA contributes to cyclin D1 mRNA alternative polyadenylation and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation.
    Title: PAPOLA contributes to cyclin D1 mRNA alternative polyadenylation and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation.
  2. Whereas PABPN1 strongly increases the activity of its cognate poly(A) polymerase in vitro, Pab2 was unable to stimulate Pla1 to any significant extent.
    Title: The nuclear poly(A) binding protein of mammals, but not of fission yeast, participates in mRNA polyadenylation.
  3. Lack of CstF-64 binding excludes PAPalpha from Star-PAP target pre-mRNA UTRs.CstF-64 and 3'-UTR cis-element determine Star-PAP specificity for target mRNA selection by excluding poly A polymerase.
    Title: CstF-64 and 3'-UTR cis-element determine Star-PAP specificity for target mRNA selection by excluding PAPα.
  4. The ability of PABPN1 to promote splicing requires its RNA binding and, to a lesser extent, poly(A)polymerase (PAP) - stimulatory functions.
    Title: Poly(A) Polymerase and the Nuclear Poly(A) Binding Protein, PABPN1, Coordinate the Splicing and Degradation of a Subset of Human Pre-mRNAs.
  5. Observations imply that translational regulation is among the conserved mechanisms regulating PAPOLA expression.
    Title: The structure of the 5'-untranslated region of mammalian poly(A) polymerase-alpha mRNA suggests a mechanism of translational regulation.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Tat tat The poly(A) site in the HIV-1 5'-LTR is occluded in a Tat-dependent manner, suggesting a role for Tat in regulating this nucleotide signal PubMed
Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr dephosphorylates poly(A) polymerase (PAP), presumably through inhibition of the p34cdc2/cyclin B kinase complex, leading to enhanced PAP activity PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC5378, FLJ33067

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables RNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables magnesium ion binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables manganese ion binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables poly(A) RNA polymerase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables poly(A) RNA polymerase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables poly(A) RNA polymerase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables poly(A) RNA polymerase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in co-transcriptional mRNA 3'-end processing, cleavage and polyadenylation pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in mRNA 3'-end processing IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mRNA 3'-end processing TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
poly(A) polymerase alpha
Names
polynucleotide adenylyltransferase alpha
NP_001238935.1
NP_001238936.1
NP_001280556.1
NP_001280557.1
NP_001280561.1
NP_001350591.1
NP_001350593.1
NP_001350594.1
NP_001350595.1
NP_116021.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_030439.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5007..69741
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001252006.1 → NP_001238935.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001238935.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks multiple exons and its transcription extends past a splice site that is used in variant 1, resulting in a novel 3' coding region and 3' UTR compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2 which is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL163051, BX089817, BX248753, DB045100
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58334.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P51003
    Related
    ENSP00000450437.1, ENST00000557320.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam04928
    Location:21 → 279
    PAP_central; Poly(A) polymerase central domain

  2. NM_001252007.1 → NP_001238936.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001238936.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks multiple exons and its transcription extends past a splice site that is used in variant 1, resulting in a novel 3' coding region and 3' UTR compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3 which is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL163051, BX089817, BX161482, DB045100
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58335.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0C4DGK1
    Related
    ENSP00000450812.1, ENST00000557471.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl11966
    Location:21 → 205
    NT_Pol-beta-like; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of DNA polymerase beta and similar proteins

  3. NM_001293627.1 → NP_001280556.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001280556.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) has an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) lacks an internal aa, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC015150, BC036014, CD655865, DB483858
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DYF4
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    pfam04926
    Location:366 → 495
    PAP_RNA-bind; Poly(A) polymerase predicted RNA binding domain
    pfam04928
    Location:21 → 363
    PAP_central; Poly(A) polymerase central domain

  4. NM_001293628.2 → NP_001280557.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 5

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001280557.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) has an alternate 5' terminal exon, which results in a downstream AUG start codon, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (5) has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Both variants 5 and 6 encode the same isoform 5.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL163051, BC036014, BX248301, CD655865
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cl11966
    Location:1 → 113
    NT_Pol-beta-like; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of DNA polymerase beta and similar proteins
    cl26091
    Location:251 → 396
    MotB_plug; Membrane MotB of proton-channel complex MotA/MotB
    cl27098
    Location:1 → 317
    PAP_RNA-bind; Poly(A) polymerase predicted RNA binding domain

  5. NM_001293632.3 → NP_001280561.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 5

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001280561.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks two consecutive exons in the 5' region, which results in a downstream AUG start codon, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (5) has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1. Both variants 5 and 6 encode the same isoform 5.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK307659, AL163051, BC036014, DB483858
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cl11966
    Location:1 → 113
    NT_Pol-beta-like; Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of DNA polymerase beta and similar proteins
    cl26091
    Location:251 → 396
    MotB_plug; Membrane MotB of proton-channel complex MotA/MotB
    cl27098
    Location:1 → 317
    PAP_RNA-bind; Poly(A) polymerase predicted RNA binding domain

  6. NM_001363662.3 → NP_001350591.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 6

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL163051
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS86431.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DHB8, G3XAH6
    Related
    ENSP00000376716.2, ENST00000392990.6
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    PRK12799
    Location:501 → 646
    motB; flagellar motor protein MotB; Reviewed
    pfam04926
    Location:366 → 495
    PAP_RNA-bind; Poly(A) polymerase predicted RNA binding domain
    pfam04928
    Location:21 → 363
    PAP_central; Poly(A) polymerase central domain

  7. NM_001363664.3 → NP_001350593.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 7

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL163051
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DHB8
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam04926
    Location:366 → 495
    PAP_RNA-bind; Poly(A) polymerase predicted RNA binding domain
    pfam04928
    Location:21 → 363
    PAP_central; Poly(A) polymerase central domain
    cl26091
    Location:501 → 645
    MotB_plug; Membrane MotB of proton-channel complex MotA/MotB

  8. NM_001363665.3 → NP_001350594.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 8

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL163051
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DHB8
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    PRK12799
    Location:501 → 646
    motB; flagellar motor protein MotB; Reviewed
    pfam04926
    Location:366 → 495
    PAP_RNA-bind; Poly(A) polymerase predicted RNA binding domain
    pfam04928
    Location:21 → 363
    PAP_central; Poly(A) polymerase central domain

  9. NM_001363666.3 → NP_001350595.1  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 9

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL163051
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DHB8
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam04926
    Location:366 → 495
    PAP_RNA-bind; Poly(A) polymerase predicted RNA binding domain
    pfam04928
    Location:21 → 363
    PAP_central; Poly(A) polymerase central domain
    cl26091
    Location:501 → 645
    MotB_plug; Membrane MotB of proton-channel complex MotA/MotB

  10. NM_032632.5 → NP_116021.2  poly(A) polymerase alpha isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_116021.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL163051
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9946.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P51003, Q86SX4, Q86TV0, Q8IYF5, Q9BVU2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DYF4
    Related
    ENSP00000216277.8, ENST00000216277.13
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    PRK12799
    Location:501 → 646
    motB; flagellar motor protein MotB; Reviewed
    pfam04926
    Location:366 → 495
    PAP_RNA-bind; Poly(A) polymerase predicted RNA binding domain
    pfam04928
    Location:21 → 363
    PAP_central; Poly(A) polymerase central domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    96502376..96567116
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    90733979..90798717
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P51003.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P51003

Gene LinkOut

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