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Gpd2 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

Gene ID: 14571, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
Gpd2provided by MGI
Official Full Name
glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrialprovided by MGI
Primary source
MGI:MGI:99778
See related
Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000026827 AllianceGenome:MGI:99778
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Mus musculus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as
GPDH; Gdm1; Gpd-m; Gpdh-m; TISP38
Summary
Enables glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity. Involved in glycerophosphate shuttle. Acts upstream of or within camera-type eye development; gluconeogenesis; and glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is active in mitochondrial inner membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; genitourinary system; nervous system; respiratory system; and sensory organ. Used to study citrullinemia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human GPD2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression
Broad expression in testis adult (RPKM 48.2), mammary gland adult (RPKM 14.9) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human all
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Genomic context

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See Gpd2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2 C1.1; 2 31.66 cM
Exon count:
18
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 2 NC_000068.8 (57127690..57260731)
108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 2 NC_000068.7 (57237678..57370719)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04526 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E2035 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 52512 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 39813 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04529 Neighboring gene cytoskeleton associated protein 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer mm667 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04532 Neighboring gene predicted gene 13531 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04533 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_04534 Neighboring gene heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
  • BioProject: PRJNA66167
  • Publication: PMID 25409824
  • Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Molecular cloning of human mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase gene: genomic structure, chromosomal localization, and existence of a pseudogene. Matsutani A, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1996 Jun 25. PMID 8687421
  2. Effect of mitochondrial and/or cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase overexpression on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from MIN6 and HIT cells. Ishihara H, et al. Diabetes, 1996 Sep. PMID 8772729
  3. Role of NADH shuttle system in glucose-induced activation of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion. Eto K, et al. Science, 1999 Feb 12. PMID 9974390
  4. The oscillatory behavior of pancreatic islets from mice with mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase knockout. Ravier MA, et al. J Biol Chem, 2000 Jan 21. PMID 10636849
  5. Normal thyroid thermogenesis but reduced viability and adiposity in mice lacking the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. Brown LJ, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002 Sep 6. PMID 12093799

See all (64) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Immp2l Enhances the Structure and Function of Mitochondrial Gpd2 Dehydrogenase.
    Title: Immp2l Enhances the Structure and Function of Mitochondrial Gpd2 Dehydrogenase.
  2. Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Restricts HBV Replication via the TRIM28-Mediated Degradation of HBx.
    Title: Mitochondrial Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Restricts HBV Replication via the TRIM28-Mediated Degradation of HBx.
  3. LPL/AQP7/GPD2 promotes glycerol metabolism under hypoxia and prevents cardiac dysfunction during ischemia.
    Title: LPL/AQP7/GPD2 promotes glycerol metabolism under hypoxia and prevents cardiac dysfunction during ischemia.
  4. Deficiency of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Exacerbates Podocyte Injury and the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease.
    Title: Deficiency of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Exacerbates Podocyte Injury and the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease.
  5. pivotal regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism
    Title: Deficiency of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Contributes to Hepatic Steatosis.
  6. Here we find that in macrophages activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates glucose oxidation to drive inflammatory responses.
    Title: Glycerol phosphate shuttle enzyme GPD2 regulates macrophage inflammatory responses.
  7. hepatic metabolite perturbations in citrin-mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double-knockout mice, a model of human citrin deficiency
    Title: Metabolomic analysis reveals hepatic metabolite perturbations in citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double-knockout mice, a model of human citrin deficiency.
  8. GPD2 activity is required for generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse spermatozoa during capacitation, failing which, capacitation is impaired.
    Title: Role of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 in mouse sperm capacitation.
  9. the up-regulation of mGPDH, due to a highly glycolytic environment, contributes to the overall increase in ROS generation and may result in the progression of prostate cancer
    Title: Increased expression of mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes in prostate cancer cell lines/cancer.
  10. phenotypic analysis of citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double knock-out mice
    Title: Citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double knock-out mice recapitulate features of human citrin deficiency.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
  • Endonuclease-mediated (4) 
  • Targeted (2)  1 citation

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables calcium ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (quinone) activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in NADH metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within camera-type eye development IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within gluconeogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glycerol catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in glycerophosphate shuttle IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organism growth IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane HDA PubMed 
is_active_in mitochondrial inner membrane IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in mitochondrion ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Names
FAD-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial
NP_001139292.1
NP_034404.3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001145820.1 → NP_001139292.1  glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139292.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Both variants encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK032044, AK080240, AK144716
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS16045.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q3TK51, Q3UDY8, Q61507, Q64521, Q8CBX6, Q8K4U5, Q8VDT0, Q9ERP0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2AQR0
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000130992.2, ENSMUST00000169687.8
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    PLN02464
    Location:1 → 599
    PLN02464; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
    cd00051
    Location:627 → 689
    EFh; EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to ...
    pfam13499
    Location:629 → 688
    EF-hand_7; EF-hand domain pair
    pfam16901
    Location:462 → 588
    DAO_C; C-terminal domain of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase

  2. NM_010274.3 → NP_034404.3  glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034404.3

    Status: VALIDATED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Both variants encode the same protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK032044, AK080240, AK144716, BY238564
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS16045.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q3TK51, Q3UDY8, Q61507, Q64521, Q8CBX6, Q8K4U5, Q8VDT0, Q9ERP0
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2AQR0
    Related
    ENSMUSP00000028167.3, ENSMUST00000028167.3
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    PLN02464
    Location:1 → 599
    PLN02464; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
    cd00051
    Location:627 → 689
    EFh; EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to ...
    pfam13499
    Location:629 → 688
    EF-hand_7; EF-hand domain pair
    pfam16901
    Location:462 → 588
    DAO_C; C-terminal domain of alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

  1. NC_000068.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Range
    57127690..57260731
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q64521.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q64521

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