Mdk midkine [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Mdkprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: midkineprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:96949
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000027239 AllianceGenome:MGI:96949
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: MK; Mek
Summary: This gene encodes a secreted growth factor that belongs to the pleiotrophin/midkine heparin-binding protein family and functions in a variety of biological processes. The encoded cytokine promotes the growth, differentiation, survival and migration of several target cells including leucocytes involved in inflammation. This protein plays a role in the formation of scar tissue and intraperitoneal adhesions, and promotes neurite outgrowth and neuron survival. The protein encoded by this gene is associated with obesity and inhibition of insulin signaling in fat cells. A pseudogene of this gene is present on chromosome 11. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in limb E14.5 (RPKM 195.6), CNS E11.5 (RPKM 179.1) and 10 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2 E1; 2 50.63 cM

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	2	NC_000068.8 (91760149..91762348, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	2	NC_000068.7 (91929805..91932297, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000068.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals enhanced non-canonical neurotrophic factor signaling in the subacute phase of traumatic brain injury.
Title: Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals enhanced non-canonical neurotrophic factor signaling in the subacute phase of traumatic brain injury.
HSP70 inhibition blocks adaptive resistance and synergizes with MEK inhibition for the treatment of NRAS-mutant melanoma.
Title: HSP70 inhibition blocks adaptive resistance and synergizes with MEK inhibition for the treatment of NRAS-mutant melanoma.
Targeting of midkine alleviates cardiac hypertrophy via attenuation of oxidative stress and autophagy.
Title: Targeting of midkine alleviates cardiac hypertrophy via attenuation of oxidative stress and autophagy.
Genetic inactivation of midkine, not pleiotrophin, facilitates extinction of alcohol-induced conditioned place preference.
Title: Genetic inactivation of midkine, not pleiotrophin, facilitates extinction of alcohol-induced conditioned place preference.
Growth Factor Midkine Aggravates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Surface Nucleolin.
Title: Growth Factor Midkine Aggravates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension via Surface Nucleolin.
MiR-326 targets MDK to regulate the progression of cardiac hypertrophy through blocking JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways.
Title: MiR-326 targets MDK to regulate the progression of cardiac hypertrophy through blocking JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways.
Disruption of Midkine gene reduces traumatic brain injury through the modulation of neuroinflammation.
Title: Disruption of Midkine gene reduces traumatic brain injury through the modulation of neuroinflammation.
NETosis substantially contributes to the pathogenesis of myocarditis and drives cardiac inflammation, probably via MK, which promotes PMN trafficking and NETosis.
Title: Midkine drives cardiac inflammation by promoting neutrophil trafficking and NETosis in myocarditis.
leukocyte domiciled midkine mediates increased plasma levels of VEGFA relevant for upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase 1 and 3
Title: Midkine Controls Arteriogenesis by Regulating the Bioavailability of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A and the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 and 3.
Study demonstrates that regulation of astroglial responses to lipopolysaccharide administration are highly dependent on the levels of expression of pleiotrophin and midkine.
Title: Endogenous pleiotrophin and midkine regulate LPS-induced glial responses.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (65)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (2)
Targeted (3) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

UniSTS:257025 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:257025

Mdk-ps1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:257025

D2Tfv15 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:142339

Chrm4 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:141339

Mdk (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:507062

D5Mit116 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:130238

D5Mit116.1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:130239

Mdk (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143846

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chondroitin sulfate binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparan sulfate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables heparan sulfate binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables heparin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables heparin binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in T cell activation involved in immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in adrenal gland development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adrenal gland development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in behavioral fear response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cerebellar granular layer development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cerebral cortex development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cytoskeleton organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in defecation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in dentate gyrus development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in estrous cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glial cell projection elongation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in hippocampus development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of ossification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in oogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of T cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of artery morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel branching	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel branching	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cartilage development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neuron migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of bone remodeling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to wounding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to wounding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in short-term memory	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in tissue regeneration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell projection	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: midkine

Names: retanoic acid-responsive protein; retinoic acid-induced differentiation factor; retinoic acid-responsive protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.