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ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 214, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
ALCAMprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
activated leukocyte cell adhesion moleculeprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:400
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000170017 MIM:601662; AllianceGenome:HGNC:400
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MEMD; CD166
Summary
This gene encodes activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), which is a member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin receptors with five immunoglobulin-like domains (VVC2C2C2) in the extracellular domain. This protein binds to T-cell differentiation antigene CD6, and is implicated in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
Expression
Broad expression in lung (RPKM 33.7), brain (RPKM 28.3) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See ALCAM in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3q13.11
Exon count:
16
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (105366909..105576900)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (108084937..108294916)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (105085753..105295744)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986108 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:104415525-104416025 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:104623147-104623701 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_64126 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374023 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:104875813-104876646 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105015351-105015980 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20192 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105072122-105072940 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14580 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105087774-105088274 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105088275-105088775 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20195 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14581 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105120863-105122062 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906263 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105222974-105223504 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105223505-105224035 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105438452-105439651 Neighboring gene Cbl proto-oncogene B Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14582 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20196 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20197 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20198 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14583 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374024

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Cholesterol induces apoptosis-associated loss of the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) in human monocytes. Rauch SJ, et al. Vascul Pharmacol, 2011 Mar-Jun. PMID 21440089
  2. ALCAM (CD166) expression and serum levels are markers for poor survival of esophageal cancer patients. Tachezy M, et al. Int J Cancer, 2012 Jul 15. PMID 21858815
  3. ALCAM (CD166) expression as novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients. Tachezy M, et al. J Surg Res, 2011 Oct. PMID 21816425
  4. Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Induced Overexpression of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) Facilitates Trafficking of Infected Lymphocytes through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Curis C, et al. J Virol, 2016 Aug 15. PMID 27252538, Free PMC Article
  5. A systematic evaluation for the potential translation of CD166-related expression as a cancer biomarker. Xiao M, et al. Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 2016 Sep. PMID 27398729

See all (208) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. ALCAM-mediated cDC1 CD8 T cells interactions are suppressed in advanced lung tumors.
    Title: ALCAM-mediated cDC1 CD8 T cells interactions are suppressed in advanced lung tumors.
  2. Polymorphisms in the CD6-ALCAM axis may modulate psoriasis risk and outcomes.
    Title: Polymorphisms in the CD6-ALCAM axis may modulate psoriasis risk and outcomes.
  3. Clinical significance of CD166 and HER-2 in different types of gastric cancer.
    Title: Clinical significance of CD166 and HER-2 in different types of gastric cancer.
  4. ALCAM on human oligodendrocytes mediates CD4 T cell adhesion.
    Title: ALCAM on human oligodendrocytes mediates CD4 T cell adhesion.
  5. Expression of ALCAM in Clinical Colon Cancer and Relationship With Patients' Treatment Responses.
    Title: Expression of ALCAM in Clinical Colon Cancer and Relationship With Patients' Treatment Responses.
  6. ALCAM, Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule, in Clinical Gastric Cancer and Patient's Response to Chemotherapies.
    Title: ALCAM, Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule, in Clinical Gastric Cancer and Patient's Response to Chemotherapies.
  7. Increase of ALCAM and VCAM-1 in the plasma predicts the Alzheimer's disease.
    Title: Increase of ALCAM and VCAM-1 in the plasma predicts the Alzheimer's disease.
  8. Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM), a Potential 'Seed' and 'Soil' Receptor in the Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastrointestinal Cancers.
    Title: Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM), a Potential 'Seed' and 'Soil' Receptor in the Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastrointestinal Cancers.
  9. Intrahepatic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule induces CD6(high)CD4(+) T cell infiltration in autoimmune hepatitis.
    Title: Intrahepatic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule induces CD6(high)CD4(+) T cell infiltration in autoimmune hepatitis.
  10. Proteome profiling of enzalutamide-resistant cell lines and serum analysis identified ALCAM as marker of resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
    Title: Proteome profiling of enzalutamide-resistant cell lines and serum analysis identified ALCAM as marker of resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (149)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study combining pathway analysis for typical sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese Han populations.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study of plasma N6 polyunsaturated fatty acids within the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology consortium.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Pilot genome-wide association search identifies potential loci for risk of erectile dysfunction in type 1 diabetes using the DCCT/EDIC study cohort.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) by siRNA enhances the early stages of HIV-1 replication in HeLa-CD4 cells infected with viral pseudotypes HIV89.6R and HIV8.2N PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ38514, MGC71733

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling receptor binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in adaptive immune response IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in axon extension involved in axon guidance ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in cell adhesion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in cell adhesion ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in motor neuron axon guidance IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in neuron projection extension ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in retinal ganglion cell axon guidance ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of T cell receptor complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in axon ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
located_in dendrite IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in external side of plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
located_in immunological synapse IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in neuronal cell body IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
CD166 antigen

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029729.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5002..214993
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001243280.2 → NP_001230209.1  CD166 antigen isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001230209.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame exon in the 3' CDS, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) lacks an internal segment in the C-terminal region, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC023602, AC078806
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS58841.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KNN9
    Related
    ENSP00000419236.2, ENST00000472644.6
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00406
    Location:38 → 113
    IGv; Immunoglobulin V-Type
    smart00410
    Location:255 → 329
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
    pfam08205
    Location:137 → 231
    C2-set_2; CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain
    pfam13927
    Location:256 → 313
    Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
    cl11960
    Location:415 → 488
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  2. NM_001243281.2 → NP_001230210.1  CD166 antigen isoform 3 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has a shorter and different 3' sequence, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) is truncated at the C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC023602, AC078806, KF457664
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KNN9
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    smart00406
    Location:38 → 113
    IGv; Immunoglobulin V-Type
    smart00410
    Location:255 → 329
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
    pfam08205
    Location:137 → 231
    C2-set_2; CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain
    pfam13927
    Location:256 → 313
    Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
    cl11960
    Location:415 → 488
    Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

  3. NM_001243283.2 → NP_001230212.1  CD166 antigen isoform 4 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001230212.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks multiple 3' exons, and has an alternate 3' sequence, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) is the shortest; it is truncated at the C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY644765, BC041127, DA318514
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q13740
    Related
    ENST00000470756.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00406
    Location:38 → 113
    IGv; Immunoglobulin V-Type
    smart00410
    Location:36 → 130
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like

  4. NM_001627.4 → NP_001618.2  CD166 antigen isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001618.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC023602, AC078806
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS33810.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RNS3, B4DTU0, O60892, Q13740, Q1HGM8, Q1HGM9, Q6PEY4, Q6ZS95
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3KNN9
    Related
    ENSP00000305988.5, ENST00000306107.9
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    smart00406
    Location:38 → 113
    IGv; Immunoglobulin V-Type
    smart00409
    Location:255 → 329
    IG; Immunoglobulin
    smart00410
    Location:339 → 393
    IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
    pfam08205
    Location:137 → 231
    C2-set_2; CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain
    pfam13927
    Location:415 → 489
    Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
    cd00096
    Location:128 → 132
    Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    105366909..105576900
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    108084937..108294916
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q13740.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q13740

Gene LinkOut

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