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trr trithorax-related [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 31149, updated on 9-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
trrprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
trithorax-relatedprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0023518
Locus tag
Dmel_CG3848
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0023518
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
anon-2Bb; CG3848; Dmel\CG3848; dmll3/4; EG:63B12.3; Trr; TRR
Summary
Enables several functions, including core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding activity; histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity; and transcription coactivator activity. Involved in several processes, including positive regulation of ecdysone receptor signaling pathway; progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis; and response to ecdysone. Located in nucleus and polytene chromosome puff. Part of MLL3/4 complex. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic/larval salivary gland; female germline cell; ganglia; gut section; and mesoderm. Used to study Kleefstra syndrome 2 and congenital heart disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Kabuki syndrome; Kleefstra syndrome 2; carcinoma (multiple); intracranial aneurysm; and stomach cancer (multiple). Orthologous to several human genes including KMT2D (lysine methyltransferase 2D). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See trr in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2B14-2B14; 1-0.2 cM
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) X NC_004354.4 (1881313..1889950, complement)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) X NC_004354.3 (1775346..1783983, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Vacuolar protein sorting 26 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 8 Neighboring gene mitochondrial ribosomal protein L16 Neighboring gene armadillo Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR45929 Neighboring gene Lipid droplet assembly factor 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Developmental phenomics suggests that H3K4 monomethylation confers multi-level phenotypic robustness. Gandara L, et al. Cell Rep, 2022 Dec 13. PMID 36516782, Free PMC Article
  2. A small UTX stabilization domain of Trr is conserved within mammalian MLL3-4/COMPASS and is sufficient to rescue loss of viability in null animals. Rickels R, et al. Genes Dev, 2020 Nov 1. PMID 33033055, Free PMC Article
  3. Distinct Roles for COMPASS Core Subunits Set1, Trx, and Trr in the Epigenetic Regulation of Drosophila Heart Development. Zhu JY, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Dec 9. PMID 38139143, Free PMC Article
  4. Epigenetic disorders: Lessons from the animals-animal models in chromatinopathies. Di Fede E, et al. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2022. PMID 36225316, Free PMC Article
  5. Drosophila O-GlcNAcase Mutants Reveal an Expanded Glycoproteome and Novel Growth and Longevity Phenotypes. Akan I, et al. Cells, 2021 Apr 27. PMID 33925313, Free PMC Article

See all (124) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Distinct Roles for COMPASS Core Subunits Set1, Trx, and Trr in the Epigenetic Regulation of Drosophila Heart Development.
    Title: Distinct Roles for COMPASS Core Subunits Set1, Trx, and Trr in the Epigenetic Regulation of Drosophila Heart Development.
  2. Lpt, trr, and Hcf regulate histone mono- and dimethylation that are essential for Drosophila heart development.
    Title: Lpt, trr, and Hcf regulate histone mono- and dimethylation that are essential for Drosophila heart development.
  3. Hcf positively regulates Hippo pathway activity through forming a complex with Trr and controlling H3K4 methylation.
    Title: Drosophila Hcf regulates the Hippo signaling pathway via association with the histone H3K4 methyltransferase Trr.
  4. dMLL3/4 plays an instructive role in the oocyte-to-embryo transition that is functionally uncoupled from the requirements of oogenesis.
    Title: The Trithorax group protein dMLL3/4 instructs the assembly of the zygotic genome at fertilization.
  5. trr and G9a also have common direct targets, including the Drosophila ortholog of Arc (Arc1), a key regulator of synaptic plasticity. Our data highlight the clinical and molecular convergence between the KMT2 and EHMT protein families, which may contribute to a molecular network underlying a larger group of intellectual disability / autism spectrum disorder -related disorders.
    Title: Functional convergence of histone methyltransferases EHMT1 and KMT2C involved in intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.
  6. Histone H3K4 monomethylation catalyzed by Trr and mammalian MML3/MLL4 proteins at enhancers is dispensable for development and viability.
    Title: Histone H3K4 monomethylation catalyzed by Trr and mammalian COMPASS-like proteins at enhancers is dispensable for development and viability.
  7. Ash2 functions together with Trr as an ecdysone receptor coactivator.
    Title: Ash2 acts as an ecdysone receptor coactivator by stabilizing the histone methyltransferase Trr.
  8. trr mutant cells have a growth advantage over their wild-type neighbors and display changes in the levels of multiple proteins that regulate growth and cell division, including Notch, Capicua, and cyclin B.
    Title: The Drosophila ortholog of MLL3 and MLL4, trithorax related, functions as a negative regulator of tissue growth.
  9. Trr, the Drosophila homolog of the mammalian Mll3/4 COMPASS-like complexes, can function as a major H3K4 monomethyltransferase on enhancers in vivo.
    Title: Enhancer-associated H3K4 monomethylation by Trithorax-related, the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Mll3/Mll4.
  10. TRR is a histone methyltransferases capable of trimethylating lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3-K4); TRR possibly functions as a coactivator of ecdysone receptor by altering the chromatin structure at ecdysone-responsive promoters
    Title: Methylation at lysine 4 of histone H3 in ecdysone-dependent development of Drosophila.
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Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables histone H3K4 dimethyltransferase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables histone H3K4 monomethyltransferase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables signaling receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription coactivator activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables transcription coactivator activity IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in compound eye development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of ecdysone receptor signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in progression of morphogenetic furrow involved in compound eye morphogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to ecdysone IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of MLL3/4 complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of MLL3/4 complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in polytene chromosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in polytene chromosome puff IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
trithorax-related
Names
CG3848-PC
CG3848-PD
Trithorax-related
Trx-related
trithorax related
trithorax-related protein
trr-PC
trr-PD
NP_525040.2
NP_726773.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    1881313..1889950 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_080301.3 → NP_525040.2  trithorax-related, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_525040.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8IRW8
    Related
    FBpp0070346
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    PHA03255
    Location:124 → 299
    PHA03255; BDLF3; Provisional
    smart00542
    Location:2105 → 2194
    FYRC; FY-rich domain, C-terminal region
    smart00317
    Location:2270 → 2392
    SET; SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain
    smart00508
    Location:2394 → 2410
    PostSET; Cysteine-rich motif following a subset of SET domains
    COG2940
    Location:2245 → 2410
    SET; SET domain-containing protein (function unknown) [General function prediction only]
    cd15666
    Location:1877 → 1981
    ePHD2_KMT2C_like; Extended PHD finger 2 found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) and 2D (KMT2D)
    pfam05964
    Location:2047 → 2097
    FYRN; F/Y-rich N-terminus

  2. NM_166911.4 → NP_726773.2  trithorax-related, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_726773.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O46083, Q8IRW8, Q8MYR5, Q8T9I7, Q9W548
    Related
    FBpp0070347
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    PHA03255
    Location:184 → 320
    PHA03255; BDLF3; Provisional
    smart00542
    Location:2126 → 2215
    FYRC; FY-rich domain, C-terminal region
    smart00317
    Location:2291 → 2413
    SET; SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain
    smart00508
    Location:2415 → 2431
    PostSET; Cysteine-rich motif following a subset of SET domains
    COG2940
    Location:2266 → 2431
    SET; SET domain-containing protein (function unknown) [General function prediction only]
    cd15666
    Location:1898 → 2002
    ePHD2_KMT2C_like; Extended PHD finger 2 found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) and 2D (KMT2D)
    pfam05964
    Location:2068 → 2118
    FYRN; F/Y-rich N-terminus
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8IRW8.2 Q8IRW8

Gene LinkOut

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