ph-p polyhomeotic proximal [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: ph-pprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: polyhomeotic proximalprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0004861
Locus tag: Dmel_CG18412
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0004861
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG18412; CG18414; Dmel\CG18412; dPh; EG:87B1.5; ph; Ph; PH; ph-P; Ph-p; PH-p; ph-proximal; phm; php; PhP; PHP; ph[p]; ph[P]
Summary: Enables several functions, including DNA topoisomerase binding activity; chromatin binding activity; and protein-folding chaperone binding activity. Involved in several processes, including follicle cell of egg chamber development; regulation of gene expression; and syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. Located in nucleolus and polytene chromosome. Part of PRC1 complex. Is expressed in several structures, including epithelium; germline cell; imaginal disc; presumptive embryonic/larval system; and synaptic neuropil subdomain. Used to study cancer. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in primary autosomal recessive microcephaly 11. Orthologous to several human genes including PHC1 (polyhomeotic homolog 1) and PHC3 (polyhomeotic homolog 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2D2-2D3; 1-0.6 cM

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	X	NC_004354.4 (2126210..2138371, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	X	NC_004354.3 (2020243..2032404, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Tumorigenesis and cell competition in Drosophila in the absence of polyhomeotic function.
Title: Tumorigenesis and cell competition in Drosophila in the absence of polyhomeotic function.
Phase separation by the polyhomeotic sterile alpha motif compartmentalizes Polycomb Group proteins and enhances their activity.
Title: Phase separation by the polyhomeotic sterile alpha motif compartmentalizes Polycomb Group proteins and enhances their activity.
Organization of PcG proteins into small, abundant clusters on chromatin through Polyhomeotic protein sterile alpha motif polymerization activity may shape genome architecture through chromatin interactions.
Title: Chromatin topology is coupled to Polycomb group protein subnuclear organization.
Polycomb protein Polyhomeotic mutants lacking the S/T stretch reproduce the phenotype of ogt mutants
Title: O-GlcNAcylation prevents aggregation of the Polycomb group repressor polyhomeotic.
Ph sterile alpha motif polymerization is required for Ph-mediated gene repression.
Title: The growth-suppressive function of the polycomb group protein polyhomeotic is mediated by polymerization of its sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain.
Data show that cells in an epithelium expressing different levels of polyhomeotic sort out indicating differential adhesive properties between the cell populations.
Title: Mutations in the polycomb group gene polyhomeotic lead to epithelial instability in both the ovary and wing imaginal disc in Drosophila.
We analyzed the cell cycle role of the proximal subunit of Polyhomeotic (PhP) in Drosophila
Title: Cell cycle defects in polyhomeotic mutants are caused by abrogation of the DNA damage checkpoint.
Our results show a functional relationship between the PcG gene expression and the JAK/STAT pathway, both of which are found to be perturbed in tumorigenesis.
Title: The Polyhomeotic protein induces hyperplastic tissue overgrowth through the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway.
neofunctionalization has been achieved in the Drosophila ph genes through the action of strong positive selection and the inactivation of gene conversion in part of the gene.
Title: Evidence that strong positive selection drives neofunctionalization in the tandemly duplicated polyhomeotic genes in Drosophila.
Ph SAM domain forms a helical polymer structure, providing a likely mechanism for the extension of PcG complexes
Title: The SAM domain of polyhomeotic forms a helical polymer.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

ha3112 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:515652

Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA topoisomerase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables histone binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein-folding chaperone binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in central nervous system neuron development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in follicle cell of egg chamber stalk formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in heterochromatin formation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in heterochromatin formation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in mitotic sister chromatid segregation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ecdysone	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of PRC1 complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of PRC1 complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleolus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in polytene chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: polyhomeotic proximal

Names: CG18412-PA; CG18412-PB; CG18412-PC; CG18412-PD; Polyhomeotic-proximal; ph-p-PA; ph-p-PB; ph-p-PC; ph-p-PD; ph-proximal; polyhomeotic; polyhomeotic proxima

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

Range

2126210..2138371 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001297874.1 → NP_001284803.1 polyhomeotic proximal, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001284803.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q5U0W8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd09577
Location:1265 → 1333

SAM_Ph1,2,3; SAM domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group

smart00454
Location:1268 → 1333

SAM; Sterile alpha motif
NM_001169173.1 → NP_001162644.1 polyhomeotic proximal, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001162644.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q5U0W8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd09577
Location:1265 → 1333

SAM_Ph1,2,3; SAM domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group

smart00454
Location:1268 → 1333

SAM; Sterile alpha motif
NM_001297873.1 → NP_001284802.1 polyhomeotic proximal, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001284802.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q5U0W8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd09577
Location:1265 → 1333

SAM_Ph1,2,3; SAM domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group

smart00454
Location:1268 → 1333

SAM; Sterile alpha motif
NM_057523.5 → NP_476871.2 polyhomeotic proximal, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476871.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O46097, P39769, Q9W521, Q9W522

Related

FBpp0070416

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd09577
Location:1508 → 1576

SAM_Ph1,2,3; SAM domain of Ph (polyhomeotic) proteins of Polycomb group

smart00454
Location:1511 → 1576

SAM; Sterile alpha motif