so sine oculis [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: soprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: sine oculisprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0003460
Locus tag: Dmel_CG11121
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0003460
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: ami; CG11121; Dmel\CG11121; Drl; mda; med; old; Sine oculis; So; SO; soD; somda
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; sequence-specific DNA binding activity; and transcription coregulator binding activity. Involved in several processes, including eye morphogenesis; insect visual primordium formation; and ring gland development. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic neuroblast; epithelium; imaginal disc; photoreceptor; and photoreceptor neurons. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 23; branchiootorenal syndrome; nephroblastoma; and renal Wilms' tumor. Orthologous to several human genes including SIX1 (SIX homeobox 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 43B3-43C1; 2-56 cM

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (7419350..7434872)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (3306855..3322377)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Uncover a novel role for Eya and So in promoting cell cycle exit in the retinal second mitotic wave (SMW), a synchronized, terminal cell division that occurs several hours after passage of the furrow. We show that Combgap (Cg), a zinc-finger transcription factor, antagonizes Eya-So function in the SMW.
Title: Antagonistic regulation of the second mitotic wave by Eyes absent-Sine oculis and Combgap coordinates proliferation and specification in the Drosophila retina.
By removing gene function in differentiating cells, the study shows that so is dispensable for larval photoreceptor differentiation, but is required for differentiation during pupal development.
Title: Conditional knockout of retinal determination genes in differentiating cells in Drosophila.
mapping of So-enriched regions throughout the genome in third instar larval eye discs; study found 7,566 So-enriched regions, which map to approximately 5,952 genes, including previously characterized So targets in the eye
Title: Regulation of Drosophila eye development by the transcription factor Sine oculis.
atonal expression in Drosophila retinal progenitors involves redundant and synergistic contributions of Ey/Pax6 and So binding sites within two distant enhancers
Title: Onset of atonal expression in Drosophila retinal progenitors involves redundant and synergistic contributions of Ey/Pax6 and So binding sites within two distant enhancers.
Loss of So in the eye disc caused ectopic antenna development in the eye.
Title: Segregation of eye and antenna fates maintained by mutual antagonism in Drosophila.
Data suggest that during early phases of eye development, So and Optix function, in part, to repress the transcription of non-retinal selector genes, thereby allowing induction of the retina to proceed.
Title: Dual transcriptional activities of SIX proteins define their roles in normal and ectopic eye development.
EYA and SO may influence cell proliferation through transcriptional regulation of stg.
Title: Identification of transcriptional targets of the dual-function transcription factor/phosphatase eyes absent.
A novel dominant-negative mutation within the six domain of the conserved eye specification gene so inhibits eye development.
Title: Novel dominant-negative mutation within the six domain of the conserved eye specification gene sine oculis inhibits eye development in Drosophila.
genome-wide search and have thereby been able to identify eyeless as well as the signalling gene hedgehog as putative targets of so
Title: Identification of functional sine oculis motifs in the autoregulatory element of its own gene, in the eyeless enhancer and in the signalling gene hedgehog.
Results describe the roles of sine oculis and glass proteins in the development of the Drosophila corpus cardiacum.
Title: Embryonic development of the Drosophila corpus cardiacum, a neuroendocrine gland with similarity to the vertebrate pituitary, is controlled by sine oculis and glass.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (15)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables transcription coactivator binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transcription corepressor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Bolwig's organ morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in circadian rhythm	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glial cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in insect visual primordium formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in ring gland development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in spermatogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of transcription regulator complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: sine oculis

Names: CG11121-PA; absent minded; droplet; medusa; optic lobe defective; sine oculus; sinus oculis; so-PA

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

7419350..7434872

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_057385.5 → NP_476733.1 sine oculis [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476733.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A0AVT8, Q27350, Q9V4L0

Related

FBpp0089177

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00086
Location:223 → 274

homeodomain; Homeodomain; DNA binding domains involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes; may bind to DNA as monomers or as homo- and/or heterodimers, in a sequence-specific manner.

pfam16878
Location:103 → 212

SIX1_SD; Transcriptional regulator, SIX1, N-terminal SD domain