en engrailed [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: enprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: engrailedprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0000577
Locus tag: Dmel_CG9015
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000577
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 153867_at; Apa; CG9015; Dmel\CG9015; En; EN; en1; Eng; Engr; Engrailed; Engrailed/Invected; EnR; Es; spa2; spt; V
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including nervous system development; regionalization; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including anterior-posterior subdivision of organism; compartment; larval imaginal tissue; larval neurons; and neuroblasts. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Parkinson's disease and autistic disorder. Orthologous to human EN1 (engrailed homeobox 1) and EN2 (engrailed homeobox 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 47F17-48A1; 2-64 cM

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (11524006..11528210, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (7411511..7415715, complement)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The activity of engrailed imaginal disc enhancers is modulated epigenetically by chromatin and autoregulation.
Title: The activity of engrailed imaginal disc enhancers is modulated epigenetically by chromatin and autoregulation.
The Osa-Containing SWI/SNF Chromatin-Remodeling Complex Is Required in the Germline Differentiation Niche for Germline Stem Cell Progeny Differentiation.
Title: The Osa-Containing SWI/SNF Chromatin-Remodeling Complex Is Required in the Germline Differentiation Niche for Germline Stem Cell Progeny Differentiation.
Data show that the Distalless and Engrailed homeodomain transcription factors act through sequences in this enhancer to establish elevated Sex combs reduced (Scr) expression in spatially defined domains.
Title: A Distalless-responsive enhancer of the Hox gene Sex combs reduced is required for segment- and sex-specific sensory organ development in Drosophila.
En forms a complex with Nejire (Nej), the Drosophila ortholog of histone acetyltransferase CBP/p300, and directs Nej to this cis-regulatory region where Nej functions as the co-activator for dpp expression.
Title: Engrailed acts with Nejire to control decapentaplegic expression in the Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche.
Data indicate there is redundancy in both regulatory DNA and protein function in invected (inv) and engrailed (en) genes.
Title: Co-regulation of invected and engrailed by a complex array of regulatory sequences in Drosophila.
these results suggest that En in Johnston's Organ neurons regulate both neuronal excitability and synaptic connectivity.
Title: Engrailed alters the specificity of synaptic connections of Drosophila auditory neurons with the giant fiber.
Silencing Engrailedin Johnston's organ neurons reduces the sound-evoked potential amplitude at the onset of the stimulus by about half at 100, 200 and 400 Hz.
Title: Auditory responses of engrailed and invected-expressing Johnston's Organ neurons in Drosophila melanogaster.
This study showed that small subset of FRUM neurons distributed in the brain and ventral cord of males by their co-expression with in En neurons
Title: A small cohort of FRU(M) and Engrailed-expressing neurons mediate successful copulation in Drosophila melanogaster.
cooperative binding sites for En, with the homeodomain-containing Hox cofactors Extradenticle (Exd) and Homothorax (Hth) was localized, within two CRMs that drive similar expression patterns
Title: Engrailed cooperates directly with Extradenticle and Homothorax on a distinct class of homeodomain binding sites to repress sloppy paired.
Our studies identified several abnormal phenotypes in live engrailed (en) mutant embryos prior to cycle 8. Nuclei in en embryos divide asynchronously, an abnormality that was detected as early as nuclear cycle 2-3.
Title: An essential role for zygotic expression in the pre-cellular Drosophila embryo.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (37)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in analia development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in anterior head segmentation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in axon guidance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in compartment pattern specification	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in genital disc development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in gonad development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroblast fate determination	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in posterior compartment specification	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in posterior head segmentation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in segment polarity determination	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in trunk segmentation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in ventral midline development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in wing disc morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in wing disc morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: engrailed

Names: CG9015-PA; CG9015-PB; ENGRAILED; apigmented abdomen; en-PA; en-PB; erased; invected; sparse SGPs 2; spermatheca; transcript group V; vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

11524006..11528210 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_165841.2 → NP_725059.1 engrailed, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_725059.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P02836, P02837, Q0E9C0, Q24356, Q9V601

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

T2HRY1

Related

FBpp0087197

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00046
Location:457 → 510

Homeobox; Homeobox domain

pfam10525
Location:512 → 541

Engrail_1_C_sig; Engrailed homeobox C-terminal signature domain
NM_078976.4 → NP_523700.2 engrailed, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_523700.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P02836, P02837, Q0E9C0, Q24356, Q9V601

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

T2HRY1

Related

FBpp0087198

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00046
Location:457 → 510

Homeobox; Homeobox domain

pfam10525
Location:512 → 541

Engrail_1_C_sig; Engrailed homeobox C-terminal signature domain