pain painless [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: painprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: painlessprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0060296
Locus tag: Dmel_CG15860
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0060296
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG15860; CT31987; Dmel\CG15860; EP2251; Pain; Painless; TRPA
Summary: Enables calcium channel activity and calcium-activated cation channel activity. Involved in several processes, including detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception; mechanosensory behavior; and negative gravitaxis. Located in plasma membrane. Part of calcium channel complex. Is expressed in several structures, including brain; central nervous system; embryonic/larval lateral glial cell; ganglia; and organism subdivision. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 60E5-60E5; 2-107 cM

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (24921505..24928275, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (20809028..20815798, complement)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

identified the transmitter phenotypes of subsets of painless and dTRPA1 neurons and found similar neuropeptides as those expressed by mammalian trpA expressing neurons
Title: Behavioral Aversion to AITC Requires Both Painless and dTRPA1 in Drosophila.
Our findings show that inactivation of these sensory neurons impairs the cellular response against wasp parasitization. We also demonstrate that the nociception genes encoding the mechanosensory receptors Painless and Piezo, both expressed in class IV neurons, are essential for the normal cellular immune response to parasite challenge.
Title: The nociception genes painless and Piezo are required for the cellular immune response of Drosophila larvae to wasp parasitization.
Recent work has uncovered the painless, mediating fly thermosensation.
Title: Temperature sensation in Drosophila.
For the regulation of sexual receptivity through Pain TRP channels.
Title: Insulin-producing cells regulate the sexual receptivity through the painless TRP channel in Drosophila virgin females.
class IV multiple-dendritic(mdIV) nociceptors are also required for a normal larval aversion to locomotion on to a dry surface environment utilizing painless and PPK1
Title: Drosophila nociceptors mediate larval aversion to dry surface environments utilizing both the painless TRP channel and the DEG/ENaC subunit, PPK1.
in the case of Painless, ankryin repeats are important for thermal nociception but not for mechanical nociception
Title: The ankyrin repeat domain of the TRPA protein painless is important for thermal nociception but not mechanical nociception.
results indicate that functions of painless in the adult central nervous system of Drosophila include modulation of olfactory processing and inhibition of male-male courtship behavior
Title: Drosophila TRPA channel painless inhibits male-male courtship behavior through modulating olfactory sensation.
Painless constitutes part of a mechanosensitive pathway that adjusts cardiac muscle activity to mechanical constraints.
Title: Response to mechanical stress is mediated by the TRPA channel painless in the Drosophila heart.
Our results suggest that Pain TRP channels expressed in cholinergic and/or GABAergic neurons are involved in female sexual receptivity.
Title: The Drosophila TRPA channel, Painless, regulates sexual receptivity in virgin females.
Painless protein is a direct sensor for noxious heat in Drosophila; Painless mediates a robust intracellular divalent calcium ion increase during heating as well as heat-evoked inward currents in whole-cell patch-clamp mode.
Title: Drosophila painless is a Ca2+-requiring channel activated by noxious heat.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables calcium channel activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables calcium channel activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables calcium-activated cation channel activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables monoatomic ion channel activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables monoatomic ion channel activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables transmembrane transporter activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in behavioral response to pain	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in calcium ion transmembrane transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in calcium ion transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in copulation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in detection of hot stimulus involved in thermoception	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in feeding behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in larval locomotory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in male courtship behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in mechanosensory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in monoatomic ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative gravitaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in olfactory behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of female receptivity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of heart contraction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to heat	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to heat	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in response to mechanical stimulus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in sensory perception of pain	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in thermotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of calcium channel complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in membrane	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
part_of transmembrane transporter complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: painless

Names: CG15860-PA; CG15860-PB; CG15860-PC; pain-PA; pain-PB; pain-PC

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

24921505..24928275 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001274247.2 → NP_001261176.1 painless, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261176.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0B4KEZ8

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd00204
Location:19 → 122

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

pfam00520
Location:241 → 462

Ion_trans; Ion transport protein

pfam12796
Location:19 → 114

Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)

sd00045
Location:40 → 82

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
NM_138135.2 → NP_611979.1 painless, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_611979.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9W0Y6

Related

FBpp0072323

Conserved Domains (4) summary

cd00204
Location:56 → 180

ANK; ankyrin repeats; ankyrin repeats mediate protein-protein interactions in very diverse families of proteins. The number of ANK repeats in a protein can range from 2 to over 20 (ankyrins, for example). ANK repeats may occur in combinations with other ...

pfam00520
Location:525 → 746

Ion_trans; Ion transport protein

pfam12796
Location:303 → 398

Ank_2; Ankyrin repeats (3 copies)

sd00045
Location:82 → 111

ANK; ANK repeat [structural motif]
NM_001274248.1 → NP_001261177.1 painless, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261177.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0B4KFI2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00520
Location:141 → 362

Ion_trans; Ion transport protein