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PPO3 Prophenoloxidase 3 [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 44513, updated on 4-Jan-2025

Summary

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Official Symbol
PPO3provided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
Prophenoloxidase 3provided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0261363
Locus tag
Dmel_CG42640
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0261363
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
CG2952; CG42640; Dmel\CG42640; DmePPO3; Dox-A3; PPO; Pro-PO3; proPO59; ProPO59
Old locus tag
Dmel_CG2952
Summary
Enables catechol oxidase activity and tyrosinase activity. Involved in melanotic encapsulation of foreign target. Located in extracellular region. Is expressed in embryonic/larval crystal cell; embryonic/larval lymph gland; lamellocyte; and procrystal cell. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PPO3 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
59C3-59C3; 2-102 cM
Exon count:
4
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (23064769..23067183)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (18952292..18954706)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Fatty acid transport protein 2 Neighboring gene Dynactin 3, p24 subunit Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene lethal (2) k09913 Neighboring gene transfer RNA:Serine-TGA 1-1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Regulation and function of the melanization reaction in Drosophila. Tang H. Fly (Austin), 2009 Jan-Mar. PMID 19164947
  2. Lack of signal peptide in insect prophenoloxidase to avoid glycosylation to damage the zymogen activity. Wu K, et al. Dev Comp Immunol, 2024 Nov. PMID 39029607
  3. Specific amino acids affecting Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidase activity in vitro. Chen Y, et al. Dev Comp Immunol, 2012 Sep. PMID 22579944
  4. Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidases respond inconsistently to Cu2+ and have different activity in vitro. Liu F, et al. Dev Comp Immunol, 2012 Mar. PMID 22178920
  5. Properties of Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidases expressed in Escherichia coli. Li X, et al. Dev Comp Immunol, 2012 Apr. PMID 22120533

See all (76) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. PPO1 and PPO2 contribute to the bulk of melanization in the hemolymph, upon septic or clean injury. In contrast, PPO3, is expressed in lamellocytes and contributes to melanization during the encapsulation process.
    Title: Drosophila innate immunity: regional and functional specialization of prophenoloxidases.
  2. Study found that some amino acids are important for rPPO3 (CG2952) (Cu(2+)-aided auto-activation as well as PPO staining activity in vitro.
    Title: Specific amino acids affecting Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidase activity in vitro.
  3. rPPO1 and rPPO2 were expressed as apo-rPPO and became holo-PPO upon Cu(2+) binding; rPPO3 was holo-PPO immediately after expression.
    Title: Drosophila melanogaster prophenoloxidases respond inconsistently to Cu2+ and have different activity in vitro.
  4. These results indicate that the expression of CG2952 is very low and that CG8193 is the gene that encodes proPO A3.
    Title: Identification of the gene encoding pro-phenoloxidase A(3) in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster.
  5. biochemical properties, activation mode and in vivo role of Pro-PO3 (PPO3) are likely distinct from those of the other two Pro-PO enzymes involved in Drosophila physiology.
    Title: Involvement of pro-phenoloxidase 3 in lamellocyte-mediated spontaneous melanization in Drosophila.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables catechol oxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables tyrosinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in dopamine metabolic process IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in melanotic encapsulation of foreign target IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular region IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
prophenoloxidase 3
Names
CG42640-PA
PPO3-PA
diphenol OxidaseA3
prophenoloxidase 59
NP_524760.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

    Range
    23064769..23067183
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_080021.4 → NP_524760.1  prophenoloxidase 3 [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_524760.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q95R43, Q9BLD9, Q9W1V6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    S0AT10, T2FF94
    Related
    FBpp0291496
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    pfam00372
    Location:150 → 413
    Hemocyanin_M; Hemocyanin, copper containing domain
    pfam03722
    Location:19 → 140
    Hemocyanin_N; Hemocyanin, all-alpha domain
    pfam03723
    Location:422 → 669
    Hemocyanin_C; Hemocyanin, ig-like domain
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9W1V6.1 Q9W1V6

Gene LinkOut

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