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tws twins [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

Gene ID: 47877, updated on 9-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
twsprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name
twinsprovided by FlyBase
Primary source
FLYBASE:FBgn0004889
Locus tag
Dmel_CG6235
See related
AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0004889
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as
1466/06; 2414; aar; B/PR55; CG6235; Dmel\CG6235; dPP2A; dPP2A-B55; dPP2A-Balpha; dPR55; DPR55; l(3)01436; l(3)02414; l(3)j11C8; l(3)S022205b; l(3)S022361; l(3)S022440; l(3)S023013; l(3)S023141a; l(3)S023206; l(3)S023309; l(3)S023938; l(3)S024455; l(3)S024834a; l(3)S024838; l(3)S025806; l(3)S025832; l(3)S025913; l(3)S026226; l(3)S026326; l(3)S027127; l(3)S027313; l(3)S028707; l(3)S029110; l(3)S029403; l(3)S029701a; l(3)S031006; l(3)S032303; l(3)S032708c; l(3)S033903; l(3)S035505b; l(3)S042629; l(3)S042630; l(3)S043008b; l(3)S043029; l(3)S045519; l(3)S046918; l(3)S048006; l(3)S048013; l(3)S048507; l(3)S049902; l(3)S052810; l(3)S053011; l(3)S060203; l(3)S060804; l(3)S061805; l(3)S061915; l(3)S063110; l(3)S066017; l(3)S066813; l(3)S067109b; l(3)S067915; l(3)S069206a; l(3)S075110; l(3)S075515b; l(3)S075902b; l(3)S076415; l(3)S080409; l(3)S088513; l(3)S091905; l(3)S101413b; l(3)S105605; l(3)S110008a; l(3)S110815; l(3)S111515; l(3)S119908; l(3)S132907; l(3)S134601a; l(3)S141309; l(3)S146606; l(3)s1801; PP2a; PP2A; Pp2A-85F; PP2A-B55; PP2A[B]; PR55; tw; Twins; Tws; TWS; tws/aar; v158
Summary
Enables protein phosphatase regulator activity. Involved in several processes, including maintenance of neuroblast polarity; positive regulation of signal transduction; and regulation of cell cycle process. Located in cytosol and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including adult optic lobe; embryonic/larval hindgut; female germline cell; gonad; and imaginal disc. Used to study autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease; brain disease; breast cancer; and spinocerebellar ataxia type 12. Orthologous to several human genes including PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bbeta). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See tws in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
85F13-85F14; 3-49 cM
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3R NT_033777.3 (10126129..10139772, complement)
Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3R NT_033777.2 (5951851..5965494, complement)

Chromosome 3R - NT_033777.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATP synthase, epsilon subunit-like Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR46038 Neighboring gene knickkopf Neighboring gene TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit B Neighboring gene invadolysin Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Protein phosphatase 2A--a 'ménage à trois'. Mayer-Jaekel RE, et al. Trends Cell Biol, 1994 Aug. PMID 14731592
  2. [Genetic control of mitosis: features of origin of sister chromatid sets in anaphase in Drosophila melanogaster mutant line aar(V158)]. Lebedeva LI, et al. Genetika, 2003 Sep. PMID 14582390
  3. [Genetic control of mitosis. Adaptive modifications of v158 mutation expression]. Lebedeva LI, et al. Genetika, 2000 Oct. PMID 11094746
  4. The 55 kd regulatory subunit of Drosophila protein phosphatase 2A is required for anaphase. Mayer-Jaekel RE, et al. Cell, 1993 Feb 26. PMID 8382567
  5. Abnormal anaphase resolution (aar): a locus required for progression through mitosis in Drosophila. Gomes R, et al. J Cell Sci, 1993 Feb. PMID 8505381

See all (189) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Greatwall-Endos-PP2A/B55[Twins] network regulates translation and stability of maternal transcripts in the Drosophila oocyte-to-embryo transition.
    Title: Greatwall-Endos-PP2A/B55(Twins) network regulates translation and stability of maternal transcripts in the Drosophila oocyte-to-embryo transition.
  2. Identification of PP2A-B55 targets uncovers regulation of emerin during nuclear envelope reassembly in Drosophila.
    Title: Identification of PP2A-B55 targets uncovers regulation of emerin during nuclear envelope reassembly in Drosophila.
  3. This work establishes Drosophila as a powerful model to further dissect the molecular mechanisms of NER and suggests additional roles of PP2A-Tws in the completion of meiosis and mitosis.
    Title: PP2A-B55 promotes nuclear envelope reformation after mitosis in Drosophila.
  4. Mutations in tws cause high frequencies of chromosome aberrations. Tws is required for activation of the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint.
    Title: A Role for the Twins Protein Phosphatase (PP2A-B55) in the Maintenance of Drosophila Genome Integrity.
  5. Our results indicate that the cyclic changes in Gwl localization at mitotic entry and exit are directly regulated by the antagonistic cyclin B-Cdk1 and PP2A-Tws enzymes
    Title: Spatial regulation of greatwall by Cdk1 and PP2A-Tws in the cell cycle.
  6. This mechanism explains simultaneously how PP2A-B55 and Gwl together regulate phosphorylated Endos, and how phosphorylated Endos controls PP2A-B55.
    Title: Greatwall-phosphorylated Endosulfine is both an inhibitor and a substrate of PP2A-B55 heterotrimers.
  7. The PP2A complex plays a novel role in differentiating tissues to promote developmentally controlled quiescence through the regulation of Cyclin E/Cdk2 activity.
    Title: Protein phosphatase 2A promotes the transition to G0 during terminal differentiation in Drosophila.
  8. Drosophila protein PP2A is a liprin-alpha-interacting protein that mediates interaction between the two proteins.
    Title: Drosophila Syd-1, liprin-α, and protein phosphatase 2A B' subunit Wrd function in a linear pathway to prevent ectopic accumulation of synaptic materials in distal axons.
  9. We conclude that the balanced antagonism between NAP1 and PP2A controls cohesin dissociation during mitosis
    Title: Histone chaperone NAP1 mediates sister chromatid resolution by counteracting protein phosphatase 2A.
  10. E4orf4 has a role in inducing PP2A- and Src-dependent cell death while inhibiting classic apoptosis pathways in Drosophila melanogaster
    Title: E4orf4 induces PP2A- and Src-dependent cell death in Drosophila melanogaster and at the same time inhibits classic apoptosis pathways.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein phosphatase regulator activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein phosphatase regulator activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein phosphatase regulator activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein phosphatase regulator activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in centrosome cycle IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in imaginal disc pattern formation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in maintenance of neuroblast polarity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in mitotic cell cycle IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein stabilization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein stabilization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of centriole replication IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sensory organ development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol HDA PubMed 
is_active_in cytosol IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of protein phosphatase type 2A complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of protein phosphatase type 2A complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of protein phosphatase type 2A complex ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
twins
Names
CG6235-PA
CG6235-PB
CG6235-PC
CG6235-PD
CG6235-PE
CG6235-PF
CG6235-PG
CG6235-PH
CG6235-PI
PP2A regulatory subunit
PP2A regulatory subunit twins
PP2A-B
abnormal anaphase resolution
phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa
protein phosphatase 2A
protein phosphatase 2A at 85F
protein phosphatase type 2A
regulatory B subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase
tws-PA
tws-PB
tws-PC
tws-PD
tws-PE
tws-PF
tws-PG
tws-PH
tws-PI

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NT_033777.3 Reference assembly

    Range
    10126129..10139772 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_169329.2 → NP_731451.1  twins, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_731451.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A4V2M9, A4V2N0, P36872, Q9VH21, Q9VH22
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0B4LGZ3
    Related
    FBpp0081665
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    COG5170
    Location:65 → 495
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:84 → 132
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl02567
    Location:82 → 423
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...

  2. NM_001300340.1 → NP_001287269.1  twins, isoform I [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001287269.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A4V2M9, A4V2N0, P36872, Q9VH21, Q9VH22
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0B4LGZ3
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    COG5170
    Location:65 → 495
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:84 → 132
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl02567
    Location:82 → 423
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...

  3. NM_057533.3 → NP_476881.1  twins, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476881.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    C8VV30
    Related
    FBpp0081668
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG5170
    Location:1 → 439
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:28 → 76
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

  4. NM_134284.3 → NP_599111.1  twins, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_599111.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    C8VV30
    Related
    FBpp0081667
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG5170
    Location:1 → 439
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:28 → 76
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

  5. NM_134286.3 → NP_599113.1  twins, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_599113.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    C8VV30
    Related
    FBpp0081666
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG5170
    Location:1 → 439
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:28 → 76
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

  6. NM_057532.4 → NP_476880.1  twins, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476880.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A4V2M9, A4V2N0, P36872, Q9VH21, Q9VH22
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0B4LGZ3
    Related
    FBpp0081664
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    COG5170
    Location:65 → 495
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:84 → 132
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
    cl02567
    Location:82 → 423
    WD40; WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from ...

  7. NM_134285.2 → NP_599112.1  twins, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_599112.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    C8VV30
    Related
    FBpp0081669
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG5170
    Location:1 → 439
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:28 → 76
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

  8. NM_169331.2 → NP_731453.1  twins, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_731453.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    C8VV30
    Related
    FBpp0081671
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG5170
    Location:1 → 439
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:28 → 76
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]

  9. NM_169330.2 → NP_731452.1  twins, isoform G [Drosophila melanogaster]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_731452.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    C8VV30
    Related
    FBpp0081670
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG5170
    Location:1 → 439
    CDC55; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit [Signal transduction mechanisms]
    sd00039
    Location:28 → 76
    7WD40; WD40 repeat [structural motif]
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
A0A0B4LGZ3 A0A0B4LGZ3
P36872.1 P36872

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