PRM1 protamine 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PRM1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: protamine 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9447
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000175646 MIM:182880; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9447
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: P1; CT94.1
Summary: Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in chromosome organization and spermatogenesis. Predicted to act upstream of or within nucleus organization and spermatid development. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Expression: Restricted expression toward testis (RPKM 2212.7) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16p13.13

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	16	NC_000016.10 (11280841..11281330, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	16	NC_060940.1 (11317056..11317545, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	16	NC_000016.9 (11374698..11375187, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Proteomic analysis of human sperm reveals changes in protamine 1 phosphorylation in men with infertility.
Title: Proteomic analysis of human sperm reveals changes in protamine 1 phosphorylation in men with infertility.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Human Sex-Determining Region on the Y Chromosome Variants Using Protamine 1 Promoter.
Title: Molecular and Functional Characterization of Human Sex-Determining Region on the Y Chromosome Variants Using Protamine 1 Promoter.
Reversible promoter demethylation of PDGFD confers gemcitabine resistance through STAT3 activation and RRM1 upregulation.
Title: Reversible promoter demethylation of PDGFD confers gemcitabine resistance through STAT3 activation and RRM1 upregulation.
Protamine 1 as a secreted colorectal cancer-specific antigen facilitating G1/S phase transition under nutrient stress conditions.
Title: Protamine 1 as a secreted colorectal cancer-specific antigen facilitating G1/S phase transition under nutrient stress conditions.
Impact of tobacco smoking in association with H2BFWT, PRM1 and PRM2 genes variants on male infertility.
Title: Impact of tobacco smoking in association with H2BFWT, PRM1 and PRM2 genes variants on male infertility.
Polymorphisms of sperm protamine genes and CMA3 staining in infertile men with varicocele.
Title: Polymorphisms of sperm protamine genes and CMA3 staining in infertile men with varicocele.
Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive azoospermic patients.
Title: Protamine 1/Protamine 2 mRNA ratio in nonobstructive azoospermic patients.
Identification of the PRM1 gene mutations in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men.
Title: Identification of the PRM1 gene mutations in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men.
Evaluation of the association between polymorphisms of PRM1 and PRM2 and the risk of male infertility: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
Title: Evaluation of the association between polymorphisms of PRM1 and PRM2 and the risk of male infertility: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
Tobacco smoking and its impact on the expression level of sperm nuclear protein genes: H2BFWT, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2.
Title: Tobacco smoking and its impact on the expression level of sperm nuclear protein genes: H2BFWT, TNP1, TNP2, PRM1 and PRM2.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (38)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genetic variants associated with disordered eating. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Novel genetic loci identified for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in the Hispanic population. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

PMC124363P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270465

SHGC-12701 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:79755

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in chromosome condensation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in chromosome organization	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in sperm DNA condensation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in spermatogenesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
part_of nucleosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: sperm protamine P1

Names: cancer/testis antigen family 94, member 1; cysteine-rich protamine; testicular tissue protein Li 91; testis specific protamine 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.