Twist2 twist family bHLH transcription factor 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Twist2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: twist family bHLH transcription factor 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:621286
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000020355 AllianceGenome:RGD:621286
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Dermo1
Summary: Predicted to enable several functions, including DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity; and chromatin binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process; response to insulin; and response to organic cyclic compound. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm; nucleolus; and nucleoplasm. Predicted to be part of transcription regulator complex. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Barber-Say syndrome and ablepharon macrostomia syndrome. Orthologous to human TWIST2 (twist family bHLH transcription factor 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in Uterus (RPKM 58.2), Adrenal (RPKM 21.7) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9q36

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	9	NC_086027.1 (99822242..99866722)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	9	NC_051344.1 (92374740..92419222)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	9	NC_005108.4 (98924134..98968510)

Chromosome 9 - NC_086027.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Twist2 gene expression was elevated following injury in both young and aged rats, and Twist2 protein expression is elevated by mercuric chloride in vitro.
Title: Twist2 Is Upregulated in Early Stages of Repair Following Acute Kidney Injury.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Markers

Twist2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:546055

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables chromatin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein dimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein domain specific binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cornea development in camera-type eye	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in developmental process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within face morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of keratinocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of myeloid cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to insulin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in nucleolus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleolus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
part_of transcription regulator complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: twist-related protein 2

Names: dermo-1 protein; twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 2; twist homolog 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.