Hcar2 hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Hcar2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:1933383
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000045502 AllianceGenome:MGI:1933383
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: HM74; Pumag; Niacr1; PUMA-G; mHM74b; Gpr109a; Gpr109b
Summary: Enables G protein-coupled receptor activity; GTP binding activity; and purinergic nucleotide receptor activity. Involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Is active in membrane. Is expressed in embryo. Orthologous to human HCAR2 (hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2) and HCAR3 (hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 5 F; 5 63.24 cM

Exon count:: 1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	5	NC_000071.7 (124001633..124003579, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	5	NC_000071.6 (123863570..123865516, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000071.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Clostridium butyricum upregulates GPR109A/AMPK/PGC-1alpha and ameliorates acute pancreatitis-associated intestinal barrier injury in mice.
Title: Clostridium butyricum upregulates GPR109A/AMPK/PGC-1α and ameliorates acute pancreatitis-associated intestinal barrier injury in mice.
Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates insulin resistance via activation of intestinal GPR109a.
Title: Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates insulin resistance via activation of intestinal GPR109a.
GPR109A expressed on medullary thymic epithelial cells affects thymic Treg development.
Title: GPR109A expressed on medullary thymic epithelial cells affects thymic Treg development.
Biased allosteric activation of ketone body receptor HCAR2 suppresses inflammation.
Title: Biased allosteric activation of ketone body receptor HCAR2 suppresses inflammation.
Activation of HCA2 regulates microglial responses to alleviate neurodegeneration in LPS-induced in vivo and in vitro models.
Title: Activation of HCA2 regulates microglial responses to alleviate neurodegeneration in LPS-induced in vivo and in vitro models.
GPR109a Regulates Phenotypic and Functional Alterations in Macrophages and the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes.
Title: GPR109a Regulates Phenotypic and Functional Alterations in Macrophages and the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes.
Expression and activation of the ketone body receptor HCAR2/GPR109A promotes preservation of retinal endothelial cell barrier function.
Title: Expression and activation of the ketone body receptor HCAR2/GPR109A promotes preservation of retinal endothelial cell barrier function.
GPR109A gene deletion ameliorates gonadectomy-induced bone loss in mice.
Title: GPR109A gene deletion ameliorates gonadectomy-induced bone loss in mice.
The niacin receptor HCAR2 modulates microglial response and limits disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Title: The niacin receptor HCAR2 modulates microglial response and limits disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Vagal neuron expression of the microbiota-derived metabolite receptor, free fatty acid receptor (FFAR3), is necessary for normal feeding behavior.
Title: Vagal neuron expression of the microbiota-derived metabolite receptor, free fatty acid receptor (FFAR3), is necessary for normal feeding behavior.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (48)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (4)
Targeted (3) 1 citation

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables GTP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables nicotinic acid receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables nicotinic acid receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables nicotinic acid receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables purinergic nucleotide receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of adiponectin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of adiponectin secretion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell junction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2

Names: G protein-coupled receptor 109A; G protein-coupled receptor 109B; G-protein coupled receptor 109; G-protein coupled receptor HM74; interferon-gamma inducible gene, Puma-g; niacin receptor 1; nicotinic acid receptor; putative seven transmembrane spanning receptor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_030701.3 → NP_109626.1 hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_109626.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC129582, AK150795, BY516126

Consensus CDS

CCDS19668.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9EP66

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q0VBA6

Related

ENSMUSP00000054104.6, ENSMUST00000057145.7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd15201
Location:25 → 302

7tmA_HCAR1-3; hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors