U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

SEX4 dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

Gene ID: 824383, updated on 18-Sep-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
SEX4
Official Full Name
dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein
Primary source
TAIR:AT3G52180
Locus tag
AT3G52180
See related
Araport:AT3G52180
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as
ATPTPKIS1; ATSEX4; DSP4; DUAL-SPECIFICITY PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 4; DUAL-SPECIFICITY PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 4; STARCH-EXCESS 4; T25B15.2
Summary
Encodes a plant-specific glucan phosphatase that contains a noncatalytic carbohydrate-binding module as well as a dual specificity protein phosphatase domain. SEX4 can dephosphorylate C6- and C3-glucosyl residues on native starch grains and related maltodextrin compounds in vitro. This protein interacts with the plant SnRK AKIN11, binds starch, and is localized in the chloroplast. sex4 mutants have elevated levels of starch.
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See SEX4 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
chromosome: 3
Exon count:
13
Sequence:
Chromosome: 3; NC_003074.8 (19349600..19353728, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_003074.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Phosphoglycerate mutase family protein Neighboring gene 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 15 Neighboring gene DNA binding protein Neighboring gene phosphate transporter traffic facilitator1 Neighboring gene Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, long form protein

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help
Genomic Sequence:
NC_003074.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Phosphoglucan-bound structure of starch phosphatase Starch Excess4 reveals the mechanism for C6 specificity. Meekins DA, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014 May 20. PMID 24799671, Free PMC Article
  2. Insight into the redox regulation of the phosphoglucan phosphatase SEX4 involved in starch degradation. Silver DM, et al. FEBS J, 2013 Jan. PMID 22372537
  3. Structural basis for the glucan phosphatase activity of Starch Excess4. Vander Kooi CW, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2010 Aug 31. PMID 20679247, Free PMC Article
  4. STARCH-EXCESS4 is a laforin-like Phosphoglucan phosphatase required for starch degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Kötting O, et al. Plant Cell, 2009 Jan. PMID 19141707, Free PMC Article
  5. A redox-regulated chloroplast protein phosphatase binds to starch diurnally and functions in its accumulation. Sokolov LN, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006 Jun 20. PMID 16772378, Free PMC Article

See all (14) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Data suggest LSF2 has 50-fold lower affinity for amylopectin compared to SEX4, indicating LSF2 more easily dissociates from starch granule; SEX4 prefers amylopectin; LSF2 has highest affinity toward amylose with 8-fold higher affinity compared to SEX4.
    Title: Plant α-glucan phosphatases SEX4 and LSF2 display different affinity for amylopectin and amylose.
  2. structural analysis of SEX4 bound to maltoheptaose and phosphate
    Title: Phosphoglucan-bound structure of starch phosphatase Starch Excess4 reveals the mechanism for C6 specificity.
  3. Data indicate that mutation of Cys130 renders SEX4 more sensitive to oxidative inactivation and less responsive to reductive reactivation.
    Title: Insight into the redox regulation of the phosphoglucan phosphatase SEX4 involved in starch degradation.
  4. Results reveal the unique tertiary architecture of SEX4 that provides the physical basis for its function as a glucan phosphatase.
    Title: Structural basis for the glucan phosphatase activity of Starch Excess4.
  5. SEX4 is a phosphoglucan phosphatase which dephosphorylates both the starch granule surface and soluble phosphoglucans.
    Title: STARCH-EXCESS4 is a laforin-like Phosphoglucan phosphatase required for starch degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  6. At3g52180 binds to purified starch through its predicted carbohydrate-binding region, and mutation of key conserved residues reduces this binding.
    Title: A chloroplast-localized dual-specificity protein phosphatase in Arabidopsis contains a phylogenetically dispersed and ancient carbohydrate-binding domain, which binds the polysaccharide starch.
  7. DSP4 acts as a bridge between light-induced redox changes and protein phosphorylation in the regulation of starch accumulation [DSP4]
    Title: A redox-regulated chloroplast protein phosphatase binds to starch diurnally and functions in its accumulation.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Homology

NM_001035765.2
NM_001339563.1
NM_001339564.1
NM_115078.4

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables amylopectin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables carbohydrate phosphatase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables polysaccharide binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in starch catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within starch catabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within starch metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in starch metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within starch metabolic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in chloroplast HDA PubMed 
located_in chloroplast IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in chloroplast ISM
Inferred from Sequence Model
more info
  
located_in chloroplast stroma HDA PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm ISM
Inferred from Sequence Model
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein
NP_001030842.1
  • STARCH-EXCESS 4 (SEX4); FUNCTIONS IN: protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity, polysaccharide binding; INVOLVED IN: protein amino acid dephosphorylation, starch metabolic process, starch catabolic process; LOCATED IN: chloroplast; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 15 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Dual-specific/protein-tyrosine phosphatase, conserved region (InterPro:IPR000387), Dual specificity phosphatase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000340); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein (TAIR:AT3G10940.1); Has 35333 Blast hits to 34131 proteins in 2444 species: Archae - 798; Bacteria - 22429; Metazoa - 974; Fungi - 991; Plants - 531; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 9610 (source: NCBI BLink).
NP_566960.1
  • STARCH-EXCESS 4 (SEX4); FUNCTIONS IN: protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity, polysaccharide binding; INVOLVED IN: protein amino acid dephosphorylation, starch metabolic process, starch catabolic process; LOCATED IN: chloroplast stroma, chloroplast; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 15 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Dual-specific/protein-tyrosine phosphatase, conserved region (InterPro:IPR000387), Dual specificity phosphatase, catalytic domain (InterPro:IPR000340); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein (TAIR:AT3G10940.1); Has 675 Blast hits to 675 proteins in 103 species: Archae - 6; Bacteria - 6; Metazoa - 399; Fungi - 10; Plants - 178; Viruses - 3; Other Eukaryotes - 73 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_003074.8 Reference assembly

    Range
    19349600..19353728 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_115078.4 → NP_566960.1  dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_566960.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q8LFS3, Q944A8, Q9FDY9, Q9FEB5, Q9SUY7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A178VES0, A0A5S9XK20
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd02859
    Location:256 → 337
    E_set_AMPKbeta_like_N; N-terminal Early set domain, a glycogen binding domain, associated with the catalytic domain of AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit
    cd14526
    Location:96 → 243
    DSP_laforin-like; dual specificity phosphatase domain of laforin and similar domains

  2. NM_001035765.2 → NP_001030842.1  dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001030842.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F4J5T0
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21483
    Location:101 → 235
    PTPc; Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides; they regulate phosphotyrosine levels in signal transduction pathways. The depth of the active site cleft renders the enzyme specific for phosphorylated Tyr ...

  3. NM_001339563.1 → NP_001326925.1  dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A1I9LQR6

  4. NM_001339564.1 → NP_001326924.1  dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A1I9LQR5
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9FEB5.1

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.