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HTH Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

Gene ID: 843628, updated on 18-Sep-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
HTH
Official Full Name
Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein
Primary source
TAIR:AT1G72970
Locus tag
AT1G72970
See related
Araport:AT1G72970
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as
ACE; EDA17; embryo sac development arrest 17; F3N23.17; F3N23_17; HOTHEAD
Summary
Originally identified as a mutation that causes floral organs to fuse together. About 10-20% of mutants also have defects in ovules. Mutants have reduced fertility most likely as because of fusions that pistil emergence. The protein has similarity to the mandelonitrile lyase family of FAD containing oxidoreductases and is predicted to be secreted (SignalP).It is expressed in all tissue layers of roots, inflorescences, stems, leaves, and flowers and is also expressed in siliques. Expression is highest in inflorescence and flower tissue.Transmission of mutant alleles to the progeny shows non mendelian segregation- a percentage of mutant alleles revert back to a previous parental (e.g. grandparental) wild type allele. It has been suggested that an RNA template driven or other extra-DNA genomic mechanism may be responsible for the non-mendelian inheritance of HTH. Reversion events in alleles at other loci have also been observed to occur in plants with an hth mutant background indicating a genome wide effect.
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Genomic context

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See HTH in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
chromosome: 1
Exon count:
6
Sequence:
Chromosome: 1; NC_003070.9 (27452748..27455964)

Chromosome 1 - NC_003070.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS class) Neighboring gene Root hair defective 3 GTP-binding protein (RHD3) Neighboring gene LOB domain-containing protein 7 Neighboring gene beta-galactosidase 17

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:
NC_003070.9

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Outcrossing as an explanation of the apparent unconventional genetic behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana hth mutants. Mercier R, et al. Genetics, 2008 Dec. PMID 18845842, Free PMC Article
  2. Genetic and biochemical evidence for involvement of HOTHEAD in the biosynthesis of long-chain alpha-,omega-dicarboxylic fatty acids and formation of extracellular matrix. Kurdyukov S, et al. Planta, 2006 Jul. PMID 16404574
  3. Isolation and characterization of the Arabidopsis organ fusion gene HOTHEAD. Krolikowski KA, et al. Plant J, 2003 Aug. PMID 12904212
  4. Genetic and molecular identification of genes required for female gametophyte development and function in Arabidopsis. Pagnussat GC, et al. Development, 2005 Feb. PMID 15634699
  5. Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Theologis A, et al. Nature, 2000 Dec 14. PMID 11130712

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. the apparent non-Mendelian behavior of hth mutants can be explained by their susceptibility to outcrossing.
    Title: Outcrossing as an explanation of the apparent unconventional genetic behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana hth mutants.
  2. ACE/HTH is specifically expressed in epidermal cells. It appears very likely therefore that the changes in the amount of alpha-,omega-dicarboxylic FAs in hth-12 reflect the different composition of cuticular polyesters.
    Title: Genetic and biochemical evidence for involvement of HOTHEAD in the biosynthesis of long-chain alpha-,omega-dicarboxylic fatty acids and formation of extracellular matrix.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Pathways from PubChem

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General gene information

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Homology

NM_001160997.1
NM_105955.4

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
enables mandelonitrile lyase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell-cell signaling IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryo sac development IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within fatty acid omega-oxidation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region ISM
Inferred from Sequence Model
more info
  
located_in extracellular region ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein
NP_001154469.1
  • HOTHEAD (HTH); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR000172), Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase (InterPro:IPR012132), Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR007867); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein (TAIR:AT1G12570.1); Has 1244 Blast hits to 1228 proteins in 249 species: Archae - 2; Bacteria - 759; Metazoa - 27; Fungi - 277; Plants - 135; Viruses - 3; Other Eukaryotes - 41 (source: NCBI BLink).
NP_565050.1
  • HOTHEAD (HTH); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, N-terminal (InterPro:IPR000172), Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase (InterPro:IPR012132), Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR007867); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein (TAIR:AT1G12570.1); Has 10392 Blast hits to 10274 proteins in 1087 species: Archae - 4; Bacteria - 3747; Metazoa - 796; Fungi - 1463; Plants - 312; Viruses - 12; Other Eukaryotes - 4058 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_003070.9 Reference assembly

    Range
    27452748..27455964
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_105955.4 → NP_565050.1  Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_565050.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9S746, Q9SXZ3
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A178WG21, A0A5S9WTV8, A0A654EQ19
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PLN02785
    Location:18 → 594
    PLN02785; Protein HOTHEAD

  2. NM_001160997.1 → NP_001154469.1  Glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001154469.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A654EQ19, A0A7G2E4N5, F4IF15
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PLN02785
    Location:18 → 567
    PLN02785; Protein HOTHEAD
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9S746.1

Gene LinkOut

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