GAL4 galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: GAL4
Official Full Name: galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4
Primary source: SGD:S000006169
Locus tag: YPL248C
See related: AllianceGenome:SGD:S000006169; FungiDB:YPL248C; VEuPathDB:YPL248C
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C (strain: S288C)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Saccharomycotina; Saccharomycetes; Saccharomycetales; Saccharomycetaceae; Saccharomyces
Also known as: GAL81
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity; and RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity. Involved in galactose metabolic process and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleus. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
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Genomic context

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See GAL4 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: XVI

Exon count:: 1

Sequence:: Chromosome: XVI; NC_001148.4 (79711..82356, complement)

Chromosome XVI - NC_001148.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_001148.4

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

A double role of the Gal80 N terminus in activation of transcription by Gal4p.
Title: A double role of the Gal80 N terminus in activation of transcription by Gal4p.
Decoupling transcription factor expression and activity enables dimmer switch gene regulation.
Title: Decoupling transcription factor expression and activity enables dimmer switch gene regulation.
Mediator subunit Med15 dictates the conserved ""fuzzy"" binding mechanism of yeast transcription activators Gal4 and Gcn4.
Title: Mediator subunit Med15 dictates the conserved "fuzzy" binding mechanism of yeast transcription activators Gal4 and Gcn4.
Cells with loss-of-heterozygosity after exposure to ionizing radiation in Drosophila are culled by p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms.
Title: Cells with loss-of-heterozygosity after exposure to ionizing radiation in Drosophila are culled by p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms.
Here, the authors demonstrate that altering the epistatic interaction between Gal80p and Gal4p also abolishes the bistability of the GAL/MEL genetic switch, and the switch response to galactose becomes graded instead of binary.
Title: The binary response of the GAL/MEL genetic switch of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is critically dependent on Gal80p-Gal4p interaction.
To facilitate application of the KZip(+) technology, we have developed a versatile set of LexAop-KZip(+) fly lines that can be used directly with the large number of LexA driver lines with known expression patterns. KZip(+) significantly sharpens the precision of neuronal genetic control available in Drosophila and may be extended to other organisms where Split GAL4-like systems are used.
Title: Facilitating Neuron-Specific Genetic Manipulations in Drosophila melanogaster Using a Split GAL4 Repressor.
GAL switch becomes independent of GAL3 by altering the interaction between Gal4p and Gal80p.
Title: Perturbation of the interaction between Gal4p and Gal80p of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL switch results in altered responses to galactose and glucose.
Report drosophila line in which the expression of yeast GAL4 is up-regulated in response to ingestion of silver nanoparticles
Title: Development of biomarker for detecting silver nanoparticles exposure using a GAL4 enhancer trap screening in Drosophila.
Gal4 binds to GAL gene UASGAL (upstream activation sequence in GAL gene promoter) sites as a dimer via its N-terminal domain and activates transcription via a C-terminal transcription activation domain (AD).
Title: Self-association of the Gal4 inhibitor protein Gal80 is impaired by Gal3: evidence for a new mechanism in the GAL gene switch.
Double-transgenic mice in a GAL4/WNT1 system exhibit increased locomotor activity, decreased social interaction, and impaired short-term spatial memory and nesting behavior.
Title: Psychiatric disorder-related abnormal behavior and habenulointerpeduncular pathway defects in Wnt1-cre and Wnt1-GAL4 double transgenic mice.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by SGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables zinc ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables zinc ion binding	RCA inferred from Reviewed Computational Analysis more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in galactose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in galactose metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4

NP_015076.1

DNA-binding transcription factor required for activating GAL genes; responds to galactose; repressed by Gal80p and activated by Gal3p

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_001148.4 Reference assembly

Range

79711..82356 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001184062.1 → NP_015076.1 TPA: galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4 [Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_015076.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

D6W3C3, P04386

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0F7WA63, A0A160VJ84, N1NVJ0

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd12148
Location:236 → 643

fungal_TF_MHR; fungal transcription factor regulatory middle homology region

cd14654
Location:50 → 95

ZIP_Gal4; Leucine zipper Dimerization domain of transcription factor Gal4 and similar fungal proteins

pfam00172
Location:9 → 47

Zn_clus; Fungal Zn(2)-Cys(6) binuclear cluster domain