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pal peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Pal [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

Gene ID: 945004, updated on 17-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
pal
Official Full Name
peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Pal
Primary source
ECOCYC:EG10684
Locus tag
b0741
See related
ASAP:ABE-0002521
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
Lineage
Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
Also known as
ECK0730; excC
Summary
Cell envelope integrity is stabilized by the Tol-Pal system linking inner and outer membranes. [More information is available at EcoGene: EG10684]. Pal is a peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein member of the YbgC-YbgF-TolQ-R-A-B-Pal Cell Envelope Complex, also known as the Tol-Pal system . [More information is available at EcoCyc: EG10684].
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Genomic context

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Sequence:
NC_000913.3 (779067..779588)

NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Tol-Pal system protein TolA Neighboring gene Tol-Pal system periplasmic protein TolB Neighboring gene cell division coordinator CpoB Neighboring gene tRNA-Lys

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:
NC_000913.3

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. The lipoprotein Pal stabilises the bacterial outer membrane during constriction by a mobilisation-and-capture mechanism. Szczepaniak J, et al. Nat Commun, 2020 Mar 11. PMID 32161270, Free PMC Article
  2. Deletion analyses of the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein Pal reveals three independent binding sequences including a TolA box. Cascales E, et al. Mol Microbiol, 2004 Feb. PMID 14731286
  3. In vitro characterization of peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL)-peptidoglycan and PAL-TolB interactions. Bouveret E, et al. J Bacteriol, 1999 Oct. PMID 10515919, Free PMC Article
  4. Nucleotide sequence of the gene for the peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein of Escherichia coli K12. Chen R, et al. Eur J Biochem, 1987 Feb 16. PMID 3545827
  5. Cloning of the excC and excD genes involved in the release of periplasmic proteins by Escherichia coli K12. Lazzaroni JC, et al. Mol Gen Genet, 1989 Sep. PMID 2573819

See all (60) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Pal accumulation at E. coli division sites is a consequence of three key functions of the Tol system. First, Tol mobilises Pal molecules in dividing cells. Second, Tol actively captures mobilised Pal and deposits it at the division septum. Third, the active capture mechanism is analogous to that used by the inner membrane protein TonB to dislodge the plug domains of outer membrane TonB-dependent nutrient transporters.
    Title: The lipoprotein Pal stabilises the bacterial outer membrane during constriction by a mobilisation-and-capture mechanism.
  2. Interestingly, Pal is surface exposed in an 'all or nothing' manner, such that most of the cells contain only internal Pal, with fewer cells ( < 20 %) exhibiting surface Pal.
    Title: Dual orientation of the outer membrane lipoprotein Pal in Escherichia coli.
  3. We report here that the coexpression of LolA and outer membrane-specific lipoprotein Pal from a very efficient plasmid causes the unusual accumulation of the LolA-Pal complex in the periplasm.
    Title: Large-scale preparation of the homogeneous LolA lipoprotein complex and efficient in vitro transfer of lipoproteins to the outer membrane in a LolB-dependent manner.
  4. Pal constitutes a dynamic subcomplex of the division apparatus
    Title: The trans-envelope Tol-Pal complex is part of the cell division machinery and required for proper outer-membrane invagination during cell constriction in E. coli.
  5. explains how colicins recruit TolB in the bacterial periplasm and highlights a novel binding mechanism for a natively disordered protein
    Title: Molecular mimicry enables competitive recruitment by a natively disordered protein.
  6. absence of TolA and Pal elicits a sustained extracytoplasmic stress response that in turn reduces O-antigen polymerization but does not affect the stability of the Wzy O-antigen polymerase
    Title: Defective O-antigen polymerization in tolA and pal mutants of Escherichia coli in response to extracytoplasmic stress.
  7. role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and imply that physiologically relevant PAL and LPS are shed into serum and act in concert to initiate inflammation in sepsis.
    Title: Bacterial peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein: a naturally occurring toll-like receptor 2 agonist that is shed into serum and has synergy with lipopolysaccharide.
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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell division IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell division IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell division IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cell division NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell septum assembly EXP
Inferred from Experiment
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of membrane invagination NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cell division site IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cell outer membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cell outer membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cell outer membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in membrane NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in outer membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Pal

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

    Range
    779067..779588
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NP_415269.1 peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein Pal [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_415269.1

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A1X3I850, A0A1X3JKA5, A0AAJ3P0C1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PRK10802
    Location:1 → 173
    PRK10802; peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein Pal
Nucleotide Protein
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