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glnK nitrogen regulatory protein PII-2 [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

Gene ID: 945087, updated on 3-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
glnK
Official Full Name
nitrogen regulatory protein PII-2
Primary source
ECOCYC:EG12191
Locus tag
b0450
See related
ASAP:ABE-0001562
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
Lineage
Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
Also known as
ECK0444; ybaI
Summary
glnK is a glnB paralog. [More information is available at EcoGene: EG12191]. Escherichia coli possesses a second PII protein coded for by the glnK gene. [More information is available at EcoCyc: EG12191].
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Genomic context

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Sequence:
NC_000913.3 (472598..472936)

NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene DNA-binding transcriptional activator DecR Neighboring gene ABC transporter family protein MdlA Neighboring gene ABC transporter family protein MdlB Neighboring gene ammonium transporter Neighboring gene acyl-CoA thioesterase II

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:
NC_000913.3

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. P(II) signal transduction proteins are ATPases whose activity is regulated by 2-oxoglutarate. Radchenko MV, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2013 Aug 6. PMID 23818625, Free PMC Article
  2. AmtB-mediated NH3 transport in prokaryotes must be active and as a consequence regulation of transport by GlnK is mandatory to limit futile cycling of NH4(+)/NH3. Boogerd FC, et al. FEBS Lett, 2011 Jan 3. PMID 21134373
  3. GlnK Facilitates the Dynamic Regulation of Bacterial Nitrogen Assimilation. Gosztolai A, et al. Biophys J, 2017 May 23. PMID 28538158, Free PMC Article
  4. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Escherichia coli GlnK. MacPherson KH, et al. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 1998 Sep 1. PMID 9757118
  5. GlnK, a PII-homologue: structure reveals ATP binding site and indicates how the T-loops may be involved in molecular recognition. Xu Y, et al. J Mol Biol, 1998 Sep 11. PMID 9733647

See all (36) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Results show that GlnK is tightly regulated under nitrogen-rich conditions, yet it is expressed during ammonium run-out and starvation. This suggests a role for GlnK as a buffer of nitrogen shock after starvation, and provides a further functional link between nitrogen and carbon metabolisms.
    Title: GlnK Facilitates the Dynamic Regulation of Bacterial Nitrogen Assimilation.
  2. Data show that the P(II) protein, GlnK, has an ATPase activity that is inhibited by 2-oxoglutarate.
    Title: P(II) signal transduction proteins are ATPases whose activity is regulated by 2-oxoglutarate.
  3. Studies suggest a hypothesise that the regulatory protein GlnK is required to fine-tune the active transport of ammonium in order to limit futile cycling whilst enabling an intracellular ammonium level sufficient for the cell's nitrogen requirements.
    Title: AmtB-mediated NH3 transport in prokaryotes must be active and as a consequence regulation of transport by GlnK is mandatory to limit futile cycling of NH4(+)/NH3.
  4. Data show a subtle interplay between GlnB and GlnK.
    Title: The pivotal regulator GlnB of Escherichia coli is engaged in subtle and context-dependent control.
  5. The GlnK protein binding causes a significant downshift in the Am6 pK(a) value of the AmtB. However, this downshift is perfectly compensated by the reorientation of the protein backbone upon AmtB-GlnK complex formation.
    Title: Modulation of the protein environment in the hydrophilic pore of the ammonia transporter protein AmtB upon GlnK protein binding.
  6. Co-purification of GlnK with AmtB from ammonium-shocked E. coli cells definitvely demonstrates that these two proteins form a functional complex with a stoichiometry of 1:1 and dependent on the uridylylation status of GlnK.
    Title: In vitro analysis of the Escherichia coli AmtB-GlnK complex reveals a stoichiometric interaction and sensitivity to ATP and 2-oxoglutarate.
  7. GlnK interacts with AmtB almost exclusively via a long surface loop containing Y51 (T-loop), the tip of which inserts deeply into the cytoplasmic pore exit, blocking ammonia conduction
    Title: The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli AmtB-GlnK complex reveals how GlnK regulates the ammonia channel.
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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables enzyme regulator activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables enzyme regulator activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of nitrogen utilization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of nitrogen utilization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of nitrogen utilization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in cytosol IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
nitrogen regulatory protein PII-2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

    Range
    472598..472936
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NP_414984.1 nitrogen regulatory protein PII-2 [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_414984.1

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7A3BXU8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PRK10665
    Location:1 → 112
    PRK10665; P-II family nitrogen regulator
Nucleotide Protein
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