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    Th tyrosine hydroxylase [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 21823, updated on 28-Jan-2025

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    Thprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    tyrosine hydroxylaseprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:98735
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000000214 AllianceGenome:MGI:98735
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Summary
    Predicted to enable several functions, including cation binding activity; oxygen binding activity; and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity. Involved in eye development and visual perception. Acts upstream of or within several processes, including dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine; dopaminergic synaptic transmission; and learning or memory. Located in several cellular components, including axon; perikaryon; and perinuclear region of cytoplasm. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; cardiovascular system; eye; genitourinary system; and nervous system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Parkinson's disease; Parkinsonism; heroin dependence; hypertension; and obesity. Orthologous to human TH (tyrosine hydroxylase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jan 2025]
    Expression
    Biased expression in adrenal adult (RPKM 216.0) and frontal lobe adult (RPKM 33.7) See more
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

    Location:
    7 F5; 7 88.06 cM
    Exon count:
    13
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 7 NC_000073.7 (142446516..142453732, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 7 NC_000073.6 (142892779..142899995, complement)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L13 pseudogene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_20517 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_20518 Neighboring gene predicted gene 6471 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 39117 Neighboring gene achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 2 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E4987 Neighboring gene tetraspanin 32

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Variation

    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (7) 
    • Targeted (20)  1 citation

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    General gene information

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables amino acid binding  
    enables amino acid binding  
    enables dopamine binding  
    enables dopamine binding  
    enables enzyme binding  
    enables enzyme binding  
    enables ferric iron binding  
    enables ferric iron binding  
    enables ferrous iron binding  
    enables ferrous iron binding  
    enables identical protein binding  
    enables monooxygenase activity  
    enables oxygen binding  
    enables oxygen binding  
    enables protein domain specific binding  
    enables protein domain specific binding  
    enables small molecule binding  
    enables tetrahydrobiopterin binding  
    enables tetrahydrobiopterin binding  
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity  
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity  
    enables tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity PubMed 
    Items 1 - 25 of 68
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle  
    involved_in aminergic neurotransmitter loading into synaptic vesicle  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within animal organ morphogenesis PubMed 
    involved_in catecholamine biosynthetic process  
    involved_in cellular response to alkaloid  
    involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus  
    involved_in cellular response to growth factor stimulus  
    involved_in cellular response to manganese ion  
    involved_in cellular response to nicotine  
    involved_in cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus  
    involved_in cerebral cortex development  
    involved_in circadian sleep/wake cycle  
    involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process  
    involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine PubMed 
    involved_in dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within eating behavior PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within eating behavior PubMed 
    involved_in embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis PubMed 
    involved_in epinephrine biosynthetic process  
    involved_in epinephrine biosynthetic process  
    involved_in eye photoreceptor cell development PubMed 
    involved_in fatty acid metabolic process  
    involved_in glycoside metabolic process  
    involved_in heart development  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within heart development PubMed 
    involved_in heart development  
    involved_in hyaloid vascular plexus regression PubMed 
    involved_in isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within learning PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within locomotory behavior PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within locomotory behavior PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within mating behavior PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within memory PubMed 
    involved_in norepinephrine biosynthetic process  
    involved_in norepinephrine biosynthetic process  
    involved_in phthalate metabolic process  
    involved_in phytoalexin metabolic process  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of heart contraction PubMed 
    involved_in response to activity  
    involved_in response to amphetamine  
    involved_in response to corticosterone  
    involved_in response to electrical stimulus  
    involved_in response to estradiol  
    involved_in response to ethanol  
    involved_in response to ethanol  
    involved_in response to ethanol  
    involved_in response to ether  
    involved_in response to herbicide  
    involved_in response to hypoxia  
    involved_in response to hypoxia  
    involved_in response to hypoxia  
    involved_in response to immobilization stress  
    involved_in response to isolation stress  
    involved_in response to light stimulus  
    involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide  
    involved_in response to nutrient levels  
    involved_in response to peptide hormone  
    involved_in response to pyrethroid  
    involved_in response to salt stress  
    involved_in response to zinc ion  
    involved_in social behavior  
    involved_in sphingolipid metabolic process  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within synaptic transmission, dopaminergic PubMed 
    involved_in terpene metabolic process  
    involved_in visual perception PubMed 
    Items 1 - 25 of 68
    Items 1 - 20 of 31
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in axon  
    located_in axon PubMed 
    located_in axon  
    is_active_in cytoplasm  
    located_in cytoplasm PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm  
    located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane  
    located_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane  
    located_in cytoplasmic vesicle  
    located_in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane  
    located_in dendrite  
    located_in dendrite  
    located_in melanosome membrane  
    located_in melanosome membrane  
    located_in mitochondrion  
    located_in mitochondrion  
    located_in neuron projection PubMed 
    located_in neuron projection  
    located_in neuronal cell body  
    located_in nucleus PubMed 
    located_in nucleus  
    is_active_in perikaryon  
    located_in perikaryon PubMed 
    located_in perikaryon  
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm PubMed 
    located_in smooth endoplasmic reticulum  
    located_in smooth endoplasmic reticulum  
    located_in synaptic vesicle  
    located_in synaptic vesicle  
    located_in terminal bouton  
    located_in terminal bouton  
    Items 1 - 20 of 31

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    tyrosine 3-monooxygenase
    Names
    tyrosine 3-hydroxylase
    NP_033403.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_009377.2NP_033403.1  tyrosine 3-monooxygenase

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_033403.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK139568, BB868869, CJ194802
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS22036.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P24529
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000000219.4, ENSMUST00000000219.10
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      TIGR01269
      Location:38495
      Tyr_3_monoox; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, tetrameric
      cd04930
      Location:38158
      ACT_TH; ACT domain of the nonheme iron-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylases (TH)
      pfam00351
      Location:165495
      Biopterin_H; Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase
      pfam12549
      Location:226
      TOH_N; Tyrosine hydroxylase N terminal

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000073.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      142446516..142453732 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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