Grk2 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Grk2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2062
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000018985 AllianceGenome:RGD:2062
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: BARK1; GRK-2; Adrbk1
Summary: Enables several functions, including opioid receptor binding activity; protein kinase activity; and scaffold protein binding activity. Involved in several processes, including blood vessel diameter maintenance; negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; and negative regulation of protein metabolic process. Located in several cellular components, including basolateral plasma membrane; caveola; and dendrite. Is active in glutamatergic synapse; postsynaptic density; and presynapse. Used to study hyperglycemia; impotence; and limb ischemia. Biomarker of Parkinson's disease; congestive heart failure; hypertension; and portal hypertension. Orthologous to human GRK2 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Thymus (RPKM 477.7), Spleen (RPKM 331.9) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1q43

Exon count:: 21

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	1	NC_086019.1 (211010259..211031013, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	1	NC_051336.1 (201580823..201601580, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	1	NC_005100.4 (219536220..219544329, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_086019.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

GRK2 expression and catalytic activity are essential for vasoconstrictor/ERK-stimulated arterial smooth muscle proliferation.
Title: GRK2 expression and catalytic activity are essential for vasoconstrictor/ERK-stimulated arterial smooth muscle proliferation.
GRK2 participation in cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol through the regulation of Nrf2 signaling and the promotion of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress.
Title: GRK2 participation in cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol through the regulation of Nrf2 signaling and the promotion of NLRP3 inflammasome and oxidative stress.
The role of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in diabetic mechanical hyperalgesia in rats.
Title: The role of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in diabetic mechanical hyperalgesia in rats.
Down-regulation of A3AR signaling by IL-6-induced GRK2 activation contributes to Th17 cell differentiation.
Title: Down-regulation of A(3)AR signaling by IL-6-induced GRK2 activation contributes to Th17 cell differentiation.
Preventing transient degradation of GRK2 and AKT during early I/R might improve the potential of endogenous cardioprotection mechanisms and of conditioning strategies.
Title: Degradation of GRK2 and AKT is an early and detrimental event in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
Calpain mediates isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy by modulating GRK2 protein content through mechanisms involving the control of GRK2 stability and expression.
Title: Calpains mediate isoproterenol-induced hypertrophy through modulation of GRK2.
High GRK2 expression is associated with pulmonary vasoconstrictive disorders.
Title: Opsin 3 and 4 mediate light-induced pulmonary vasorelaxation that is potentiated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 inhibition.
these results expand the known function of GRK2, identifying a non-internalizing role to maintain peripheral DOR in an analgesically incompetent state.
Title: GRK2 Constitutively Governs Peripheral Delta Opioid Receptor Activity.
Results show the expression level of swiprosin-1 associated to that of GRK2 and thereby to beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness.
Title: The Effects of Swiprosin-1 on the Formation of Pseudopodia-Like Structures and β-Adrenoceptor Coupling in Cultured Adult Rat Ventricular Cardiomyocytes.
a novel mechanism and model in which CAV1 phosphorylation facilitates CAV1 scaffolding and GRK2-CAV1 interaction, thus clustering eNOS within a complex that inhibits eNOS activity, is reported.
Title: Caveolin 1 and G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-2 Coregulate Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (51)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Adrbk1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:527241

RH94463 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119711

D1Bda45 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:239792

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables delta-type opioid receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables kappa-type opioid receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables scaffold protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cardiac muscle contraction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cardiac muscle contraction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to catecholamine stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to chemokine	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to rapamycin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in heart development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within heart development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in maintenance of protein location in nucleus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of D-glucose import	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of striated muscle contraction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of striated muscle contraction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in oligodendrocyte differentiation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in oligodendrocyte differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of catecholamine secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vasoconstriction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in receptor internalization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in receptor internalization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of the force of heart contraction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of the force of heart contraction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to caloric restriction	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to leptin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to muscle activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to oxidative stress	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in symbiont entry into host cell	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in symbiont entry into host cell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in tachykinin receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in tachykinin receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vasodilation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in viral genome replication	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in viral genome replication	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in apical plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in basolateral plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in caveola	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell projection	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendritic shaft	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in dendritic spine	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in postsynapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in postsynaptic density	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in presynapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in presynapse	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1

Names: adrenergic receptor kinase, beta 1; adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 1; beta-ARK-1; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 beta ARK1

NP_036908.2

EC 2.7.11.15

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_012776.2 → NP_036908.2 beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P26817

Related

ENSRNOP00000081551.2, ENSRNOT00000100617.2

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd08747
Location:30 → 186

RGS_GRK2_GRK3; Regulator of G protein signaling domain (RGS) found in G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3)

cd01240
Location:553 → 670

PH_GRK2_subgroup; G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 subgroup pleckstrin homology (PH) domain

cd14223
Location:190 → 510

STKc_GRK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, G protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2