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    spoT bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase SpoT [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

    Gene ID: 948159, updated on 3-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    spoT
    Official Full Name
    bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase SpoT
    Primary source
    ECOCYC:EG10966
    Locus tag
    b3650
    See related
    ASAP:ABE-0011935
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
    Lineage
    Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
    Also known as
    ECK3640
    Summary
    cgtA mutants have elevated basal ppGpp and CgtA is proposed to be a regulator of SpoT activity (Jiang, 2007). [More information is available at EcoGene: EG10966].
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    Genomic context

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    Sequence:
    NC_000913.3 (3822400..3824508)

    NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene guanylate kinase Neighboring gene RNA polymerase subunit omega Neighboring gene tRNA (Gm18) 2'-O-methyltransferase Neighboring gene ATP-dependent DNA helicase RecG

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_000913.3

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The YmgB-SpoT interaction triggers the stringent response in Escherichia coli. Guiraud P, et al. J Biol Chem, 2023 Dec. PMID 37926282, Free PMC Article
    2. Feedback control of ribosome synthesis in Escherichia coli is dependent on eight critical amino acids. Zhang X, et al. Biochimie, 2006 Sep. PMID 16675089
    3. Feedback control of ribosome function in Escherichia coli. Bremer H, et al. Biochimie, 2008 Mar. PMID 17999920
    4. Identification of an indispensable amino acid for ppGpp synthesis of Escherichia coli SpoT protein. Fujita C, et al. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2002 Dec. PMID 12596879
    5. Parallel changes in gene expression after 20,000 generations of evolution in Escherichiacoli. Cooper TF, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2003 Feb 4. PMID 12538876, Free PMC Article

    See all (98) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The YmgB-SpoT interaction triggers the stringent response in Escherichia coli.
      Title: The YmgB-SpoT interaction triggers the stringent response in Escherichia coli.
    2. (p)ppGpp controls stringent factors by exploiting antagonistic allosteric coupling between catalytic domains.
      Title: (p)ppGpp controls stringent factors by exploiting antagonistic allosteric coupling between catalytic domains.
    3. Study shows that the protein YtfK promotes SpoT-dependent accumulation of (p)ppGpp in E. coli and is required for activation of the stringent response during phosphate and fatty acid starvation. Results indicate that YtfK can interact with SpoT and propose that YtfK activates the stringent response by tilting the catalytic balance of SpoT toward (p)ppGpp synthesis.
      Title: YtfK activates the stringent response by triggering the alarmone synthetase SpoT in Escherichia coli.
    4. Deleting dksA, which encodes a regulator of the stringent response to nutrient starvation, decreases growth under glucose phosphate stress conditions. The stringent response alarmone regulator ppGpp (synthesized by RelA and SpoT) also contributes to recovery from glucose phosphate stress: as with dksA, mutating relA and spoT worsens the growth defect of an sgrS mutant during stress.
      Title: Stringent Response Regulators Contribute to Recovery from Glucose Phosphate Stress in Escherichia coli.
    5. Dephosphorylated HPr, but not phosphorylated HPr, of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system could antagonize the stimulatory effect of Rsd on SpoT (p)ppGpp hydrolase activity.
      Title: Rsd balances (p)ppGpp level by stimulating the hydrolase activity of SpoT during carbon source downshift in Escherichia coli.
    6. Mutations in relA, but not necessarily inactivating mutations, can be selected to compensate total SpoT function(s) loss in Escherichia coli.
      Title: Systematic production of inactivating and non-inactivating suppressor mutations at the relA locus that compensate the detrimental effects of complete spot loss and affect glycogen content in Escherichia coli.
    7. The results indicate that polyamine stimulation of synthesis of SpoT plays an important role for cell viability through stimulation of ppGpp synthesis by SpoT.
      Title: Increase in cell viability by polyamines through stimulation of the synthesis of ppGpp regulatory protein and ω protein of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli.
    8. Direct regulation of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein promoters by the transcription factors ppGpp and DksA.
      Title: Direct regulation of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein promoters by the transcription factors ppGpp and DksA.
    9. SpoT-mediated reduction of ppGpp triggers biofilm upregulation in response to translation inhibition.
      Title: Second messenger signalling governs Escherichia coli biofilm induction upon ribosomal stress.
    10. The interaction between (p)ppGpp synthases and acyl carrier protein restricted to bacteria containing the RelA and SpoT proteins.
      Title: Bacteria possessing two RelA/SpoT-like proteins have evolved a specific stringent response involving the acyl carrier protein-SpoT interaction.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

    General gene information

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    Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables GTP diphosphokinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables GTP diphosphokinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables hydrolase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to starvation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase SpoT
    NP_418107.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

      Range
      3822400..3824508
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NP_418107.1 bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase SpoT [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_418107.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0B5HM11, A0A1V2GJX7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PRK11092
      Location:1 → 702
      PRK11092; bifunctional GTP diphosphokinase/guanosine-3',5'-bis pyrophosphate 3'-pyrophosphohydrolase
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

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