Gnai2 G protein subunit alpha i2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gnai2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: G protein subunit alpha i2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:620243
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000016592 AllianceGenome:RGD:620243
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Hg1c; Galphai2
Summary: Predicted to enable G protein-coupled receptor binding activity; G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding activity; and GTPase activity. Involved in several processes, including G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of cell communication; and positive regulation of cell population proliferation. Located in plasma membrane. Used to study hypertension. Biomarker of hypertension. Orthologous to human GNAI2 (G protein subunit alpha i2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Lung (RPKM 1061.4), Spleen (RPKM 871.4) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 8q32

Exon count:: 10

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	8	NC_086026.1 (117167045..117187652, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	8	NC_051343.1 (108288401..108309009, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	8	NC_005107.4 (116370730..116391337, complement)

Chromosome 8 - NC_086026.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Nitric oxide decreased the enhanced expression of Gialpha-2/3 proteins and hyperproliferation of Vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats by cGMP-independent mechanism.
Title: Nitric oxide attenuates overexpression of Giα proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR: Role of ROS and ROS-mediated signaling.
These results indicate that NPR-C activation by C-ANP4-23 attenuates the enhanced levels of cell cycle proteins through the inhibition of enhanced expression of Gialpha proteins
Title: Natriuretic peptide receptor-C agonist attenuates the expression of cell cycle proteins and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats: role of Gi proteins and MAPkinase/PI3kinase signaling.
paraventricular nucleus Galphai(2) protein pathways play an endogenous role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance by controlling the influence the sympathetic nervous system has on the renal handling of sodium
Title: Brain heterotrimeric Gαi₂-subunit protein-gated pathways mediate central sympathoinhibition to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during stress.
endoplasmic reticulum-resident G(i2) protein is an important negative regulator of vesicular transport at the early stage of vesicle formation before coat protein assembly
Title: ER-resident Gi2 protein controls sar1 translocation onto the ER during budding of transport vesicles.
role of Galpha(i2) in development of insulin resistance
Title: Rats with monosodium glutamate-induced obesity and insulin resistance exhibit low expression of Galpha(i2) G-protein.
Overexpression of Galpha(i2), PDE2a, and RGS2 down-regulates the beta-adrenergic signaling pathway, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
Title: An abnormal gene expression of the beta-adrenergic system contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in cirrhotic rats.
change of G[alpha]i2, G[alpha]q mRNA, and their proteins in severe acute pancreatitis
Title: G[alpha]i2 and G[alpha]q expression change in pancreatic tissues and BN52021 effects in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.
Highest protein level was observed at the age of P0. There was also a trend of decline in the sGalphai2 protein from P0 to P90 in brain
Title: A dynamic expression pattern of sGalpha(i2) protein during early period of postnatal rat brain development.
Suggest role for oxidative stress in high glucose-induced decreased expression of Gnai2/3 and adenylyl cyclase signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Title: Role of oxidative stress in high glucose-induced decreased expression of Gialpha proteins and adenylyl cyclase signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells.
results indicate that the upregulation of Gi2 in ischemic myocardium appears to be protective in inducing cell survival pathways to prevent myocyte death in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury
Title: Targeted inhibition of cardiomyocyte Gi signaling enhances susceptibility to apoptotic cell death in response to ischemic stress.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Gnai2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:496669

Gnai2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506940

RH140777 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:222843

RH125971 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:162683

M13963 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:124916

BI273769 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:248822

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTPase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables GTPase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in G protein-coupled adenosine receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell division	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell division	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of synaptic transmission	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of urine volume	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of calcium ion transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of heart contraction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in centrosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in centrosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in centrosome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in exocytic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in midbody	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in midbody	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in neuronal dense core vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2

Names: G alpha inhibitory type 2 (a); G alpha inhibitory type 2 (b); GTP-binding protein (G-alpha-i2); adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G alpha protein; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting 2; guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2; guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha inhibiting 2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i), alpha-2 subunit; heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein 1c

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_031035.3 → NP_112297.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_112297.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

BC078806, CO394955, CR465951

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P04897

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6I2Z9, Q45QN0, Q45QN1, Q5EEY4

Related

ENSRNOP00000022550.4, ENSRNOT00000022550.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00066
Location:34 → 349

G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086026.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

117167045..117187652 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006243858.2 → XP_006243920.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006243920.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P04897

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6I2Z9, Q45QN0, Q45QN1, Q5EEY4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00066
Location:34 → 349

G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
XM_063266205.1 → XP_063122275.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P04897

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6I2Z9, Q45QN0, Q45QN1
XM_063266206.1 → XP_063122276.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I6AKS3